Evaluation of the Relationships Between Repeated Sprint Ability and Accurate Shooting Skill in Female Football Players
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 178 - 190, 30.12.2024
Hasret Fidan
,
Ani Agopyan
Öz
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between repetitive sprinting abilities and accurate shooting skills of female football players. Method: Twenty-one female footballers aged 19-30 years (age: 24.48±2.60 years) playing in the Women's Super League of the Turkish Football Federation for the 2023-2024 season participated in the study. Athletes were evaluated by repetitive sprint (6 sprint times, fatigue index, sprint decay percentage) and technical performance (Mor-Christian accurate shooting test) tests. The median value of the participants' accurate shooting performance scores (110 points) was taken as the cut-off point. Accordingly, statistical comparisons were divided into low (<110 points) and high performance (>110 points) groups. Results: No significant difference was found between the performance groups with low and high accurate shooting rates in terms of total sprint time (p=0.282), fatigue index (p=0.756) and sprint performance decrease percentage (p=0.756). According to the results of Spearman correlation analysis, there were moderate positive correlations between total sprint time and fatigue index (r=0.472, p=0.031) and significant negative correlations between fatigue index and sprint performance decrease percentage (r=-0.557, p=0.009). There was no significant relationship between shooting performance and sprint components (p>0.05). Conclusion: Significant relationships were observed between repetitive sprint performances, sprint times and fatigue index; however, it was concluded that shooting technical performance was independent of these parameters. Considering the repetitive sprint and shooting performances of football players independently of each other may be valuable in terms of developing training strategies.
Proje Numarası
09.2024.104 / Tarih: 12.01.2024
Kaynakça
- Akçal, E. (2023). Futbol Süper Ligi 2020-2021 sezonunda atılan şutların analizi ve sezon sonu başarı sıralamasına etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul. https://doi.org/10.55238/seder.1319324
- Aktuğ, Z., İri, R., ve Çelenk, Ç. (2019). Çocuklarda motor beceri ile futbola özgü teknik beceriler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.423255
- Akyüz, C. (2017). Futbolda top sürme, top saydırma ve şut atma teknikleriyle birleştirilmiş denge antrenmanlarının futbolcuların teknik ve denge düzeylerine etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Andersson, H. Å., Randers, M. B., Heiner-Møller, A., Krustrup, P., & Mohr, M. (2010). Elite female soccer players perform more high-intensity running when playing in international games compared with domestic league games. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(4), 912–919. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d234f2
- Bangsbo, J. (2014). Physiological demands of football. Sports Science Exchange, 27(125), 1–6.
- Başkaya, G. (2023). 2022 Kadınlar Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası: Gol analizi: Betimsel araştırma. Türkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2022-92891.
- Billaut, F., Bishop, D., Schaerz, S., & Noakes, T. (2011). Influence of knowledge of sprint number on pacing during repeated-sprint exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(4), 665–672. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181f6ee3b
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., & Demirel, F. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Carling, C., Le Gall, F., & Dupont, G. (2012). Analysis of repeated high-intensity running performance in professional soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(4), 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.652655
- Chattanta, V., Verma, N., & Mehra, P. (2024). Quantifying the difference between male and female agility in football players: A cross-sectional study. Physical Therapy in Sport, 70, 90-94.
- Clemente, F. M., Lourenço, F. M., & Mendes, R. S. (2014). Developing aerobic and anaerobic fitness using small-sided soccer games: Methodological proposals. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 36(3), 76–87.
- Conover, W. J. (1999). Practical nonparametric statistics (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
- Datson, N., Drust, B., Weston, M., & Gregson, W. (2019). Repeated high-speed running in elite female soccer players during international competition. Science and Medicine in Football, 3(2), 150–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1573923.
- Datson, N., Drust, B., Weston, M., Jarman, I. H., Lisboa, P. J., & Gregson, W. (2017). Match physical performance of elite female soccer players during international competition. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(9), 2379–2387. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001575
- De Jong, L. M. S., Gastin, P. B., Angelova, M., Bruce, L., & Dwyer, D. B. (2020). Technical determinants of success in professional women’s soccer: A wider range of variables reveals new insights. PLoS ONE, 15(10), e0240992. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240992
- Doyle, B., Browne, D., & Horan, D. (2020). The relationship of aerobic endurance and linear speed on repeat sprint ability performance in female international footballers. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports
Sciences, 8(4), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080407
- Gabbett, T. J. (2010). The development of a test of repeated-sprint ability for elite women’s soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(5), 1191–1194. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d24f16.
- Gabbett, T. J., & Mulvey, M. J. (2008). Time-motion analysis of small-sided training games and competition in elite women soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(2), 543–552. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181635597
- Gabbett, T. J., Wiig, H., & Spencer, M. (2013). Repeated high-intensity running and sprinting in elite women’s soccer competition. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 8(2), 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.2.130
- Girard, O., Bishop, D., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2011). Repeated-sprint ability- part II: Recommendations for training. Sports Medicine, 41(9), 741–756. https://doi.org/10.2165/11590560-000000000-00000
- Gözel, Z. (2022). Futbolculara uygulanan 8 haftalık çabukluk antrenmanlarının top sürme, pas ve şut performansı ile çeviklik üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 9(81), 324–330. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.3002.
- Hewitt, A., Norton, K., & Lyons, K. (2014). Movement profiles of elite women soccer players during international matches and the effect of opposition’s team ranking. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1874–1880. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.951555
- Hill-Hass, S., Bishop, D., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., & Edge, J. (2007). Effects of rest interval during high-repetition resistance training on strength, aerobic fitness, and repeated-sprint ability. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 619–628. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600874849
- Joo, C. H., & Seo, D. I. (2016). Analysis of physical fitness and technical skills of youth soccer players according to playing position. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 12(6), 548–552. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1632730.365.
- Kotsakis, P., Michailidis, Y., Svynos, G., Mandroukas, A., Gissis, I., & Metaxas, T. (2023). Correlation between performance in repeated sprints and performance in other laboratory and field fitness tests in female soccer athletes. Trends in Sport Sciences, 30(4), 2–8. https://doi.org/10.23829/TSS.2023.30.4-2
- Lockie, R. G., Liu, T. M., Stage, A. A., Lazar, A., Giuliano, D. V., Hurley, J. M., ... & Orjalo, A. J. (2018). Assessing repeated-sprint ability in Division I collegiate women soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(2), 513–520. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002175
- Meckel, Y., Machnai, O., & Eliakim, A. (2009). Relationship among repeated sprint tests, aerobic fitness, and anaerobic fitness in elite adolescent soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818b9651
- Mısırlıgil, H. (2020). Futsal branşında farklı antrenman modellerinin teknik kapasiteye etkisi Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hitit Üniversitesi, Çorum.
- Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Andersson, H., & Mohr, M. (2008). Match activities and fatigue development of elite female soccer players at different levels of competition. In T. Reilly & F. Korkusuz (Eds.), Science and football VI (pp. 205-210). Routledge.
- Mukaka, M. M. (2012). A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Medical Journal, 24(3), 69-71.
- Muratlı, S., Kalyoncu, O., & Sahin, G. (2007). Antrenman ve müsabaka. Ladin Matbaası.
- Nakamura, F. Y., Pereira, L. A., Loturco, I., Rosseti, M., Moura, F. A., & Bradley, P. S. (2017). Repeated-sprint sequences during female soccer matches using fixed and individual speed thresholds. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(7), 1802–1810. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001766
- Oğuz, G., Eyibil, M. R., Akot, B., ve Yücel, N. C. (2023). Kadın futbolculara uygulanan Tabata antrenmanlarının antropometrik, fiziksel ve teknik performans parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Spormetre: The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 21(3), 144–159.
- Oliva-Lozano, J. M., Martínez-Puertas, H., Fortes, V., ve ark., (2023). Is there any relationship between match running, technical-tactical performance, and team success in professional soccer? A longitudinal study in the first and second divisions of LaLiga. Biology of Sport, 40(2), 587–594. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.115665
- Özer, K. (2009). Kinantropometri, sporda morfolojik planlama (2. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Evi.
- Pyne, D. B., Saunders, P. U., Montgomery, P. G., Hewitt, A. J., & Sheehan, K. (2008). Relationships between repeated sprint testing, speed, and endurance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1633–1637. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181822c1e
- Ramos, G. P., Nakamura, F. Y., Penna, E. M., Wilke, C. F., Pereira, L. A., Loturco, I., ... & Coimbra, C. C. (2019). Activity profiles in U17, U20, and senior women's Brazilian national soccer teams during international competitions: Are there meaningful differences? The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(12), 3414–3422. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001951.
- Rampinini, E., Impellizzeri, F. M., Castagna, C., Coutts, A. J., & Wisløff, U. (2009a). Technical performance during soccer matches of the Italian Serie A league: Effect of fatigue and competitive level. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(1), 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.10.002
- Rampinini, E., Sassi, A., Morelli, A., Mazzoni, S., Fanchini, M., & Coutts, A. J. (2009b). Repeated-sprint ability in professional and amateur soccer players. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee,
Nutrition et Metabolisme, 34(6), 1048–1054. https://doi.org/10.1139/H09-111.
- Rey, E., Padrón-Cabo, A., & Fernández-Penedo, D. (2017). Effects of sprint training with and without weighted vest on speed and repeated sprint ability in male soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(10), 2659-2666. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001726.
- Şengür, E., Aktuğ, Z. B., & Yılmaz, G. (2018). Futbolcularda alt ekstremiteye uygulanan akut vibrasyon antrenmanının şut hızı, şut isabeti ve çeviklik performansı üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 56-65.
- Souglis, A. G., Travlos, A. K., & Andronikos, G. (2023). The effect of proprioceptive training on technical soccer skills in female soccer. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 18(3), 748–760. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541221143689.
- Soydan, T. A. (2012). Tekrarlı sprint yeteneğinde cinsiyet farklılığının incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: An update. Sports Medicine, 35, 501-536. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535060-00004.
- Strand, B. N., & Wilson, R. (1993). Assessing sport skills. Human Kinetics.
- Taylor, J. B., Mellalieu, S. D., James, N., & Shearer, D. A. (2008). The influence of match location, quality of opposition, and match status on technical performance in professional association football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(9), 885-895. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701836887.
- Terlemez, M. (2019). Antik Çağdan Günümüze Somut Bulgular Işığında Futbolun Terminolojik, Teknik ve Kültürel Araştırması (Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Okan Üniversitesi).
- Thomas, K., French, D., & Hayes, P. R. (2009). The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(2), 332–335.
- Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu-TFF. (2023). IFAB oyun kuralları 23-24. Erişim adresi: https://www.tff.org/Resources/TFF/Documents/MHK/2023-2024/oyun-kurallari.pdf.
- Turner, A. N., & Stewart, P. F. (2014). Strength and conditioning for soccer players. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 36(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000054.
- Uluç, S., & Durukan, E. (2023). 12 haftalık core kuvvet antrenmanlarının seçili bazı motor performans parametreleri ile futbol teknik ve becerileri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi: Kadın futbolcular örneği. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 12(2), 567–580. https://doi.org/10.34091/gujhs.123456.
- Young, W. B., & Rath, D. A. (2011). Enhancing foot velocity in football kicking: The role of strength training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(2), 561-566. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bf42eb.
Kadın Futbolcularda Tekrarlı Sprint Yeteneği ile İsabetli Şut Atma Becerisi Arasındaki İlişkilerin Değerlendirilmesi
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 178 - 190, 30.12.2024
Hasret Fidan
,
Ani Agopyan
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadın futbolcuların tekrarlı sprint yetenekleri ile isabetli şut atma becerileri arasındaki ilişkilerin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya, Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu 2023-2024 sezonu Kadınlar Süper Ligi'nde oynayan 19-30 (yaş: 24,48±2,60 yıl) yaşları arasında 21 kadın futbolcu katıldı. Sporcular, tekrarlı sprint (6 sprint süresi, yorgunluk indeksi, sprint azalma yüzdesi) ve teknik performans (Mor-Christian isabetli şut atma testi) testleri ile değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların isabetli şut atma performans puanlarının medyan değeri (110 puan) kesme noktası olarak alındı. Buna göre istatistiksel karşılaştırmalar, düşük (≤110 puan) ve yüksek performans (>110 puan) grupları şeklinde ikiye ayrılarak yapıldı. Bulgular: Düşük ve yüksek isabetli şut atma oranlarına sahip performans grupları arasında; sprint süresi toplamı (p=0.282), yorgunluk indeksi (p=0.756) ve sprint performans azalma yüzdesi (p=0.756) açısından anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Spearman korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre; sprint süresi toplamı ile yorgunluk indeksi arasında orta düzeyde pozitif (r=0.472, p= 0.031), yorgunluk indeksi ile sprint performans azalma yüzdesi arasında büyük düzeyde negatif (r =-0.557, p=0.009) ilişkiler olduğu belirlendi. Şut atma performansı ile sprint bileşenleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı tespit edildi (p>0.05). Sonuç: Kadın futbolcuların tekrarlı sprint performansları ile sprint süreleri ve yorgunluk indeksi arasında belirgin ilişkiler gözlendi; ancak şut atma teknik performansının bu parametrelerden bağımsız olduğu sonucuna varıldı. Futbolcuların tekrarlı sprint ve şut atma performanslarının birbirinden bağımsız olarak ele alınması, antrenman stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi açısından değerli olabilir.
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışma, Marmara Üniversitesi Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulutarafından onaylanmıştır Protokol Numarası: 09.2024.104 / Tarih: 12.01.2024.
Çalışmaya katılan tüm bireyler ve velileri, deneyler başlamadan önce yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam formunu imzalamışlardır. Çalışma protokolü, İnsan Denekleri ile ilgili Helsinki Bildirgesi’nin önerilerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür.
Bu makale Hasret FİDAN’ın “Kadın Futbolcularda Yüksek Şiddetli Aralıklı Koşular ve Küçük Alan Oyunlarının Fizyolojik ve Teknik Özellikler Üzerindeki Etkileri” başlıklı yüksek lisans tez çalışmasından üretilmiştir.
Proje Numarası
09.2024.104 / Tarih: 12.01.2024
Teşekkür
Bu çalışmanın yürütülmesinde değerli katkılarından dolayı, Türkiye Kadınlar Süper Ligi'nde yer alan Fatih Vatan Kadın Futbol Takımı antrenörü Mutlucan Zavotçu’ta ve tüm sporcularına içten teşekkürlerimizi sunarız. Çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesine gösterdikleri destek ve iş birliği, araştırmamıza önemli bir katkı sağlamıştır.
Kaynakça
- Akçal, E. (2023). Futbol Süper Ligi 2020-2021 sezonunda atılan şutların analizi ve sezon sonu başarı sıralamasına etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul. https://doi.org/10.55238/seder.1319324
- Aktuğ, Z., İri, R., ve Çelenk, Ç. (2019). Çocuklarda motor beceri ile futbola özgü teknik beceriler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.423255
- Akyüz, C. (2017). Futbolda top sürme, top saydırma ve şut atma teknikleriyle birleştirilmiş denge antrenmanlarının futbolcuların teknik ve denge düzeylerine etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Andersson, H. Å., Randers, M. B., Heiner-Møller, A., Krustrup, P., & Mohr, M. (2010). Elite female soccer players perform more high-intensity running when playing in international games compared with domestic league games. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(4), 912–919. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d234f2
- Bangsbo, J. (2014). Physiological demands of football. Sports Science Exchange, 27(125), 1–6.
- Başkaya, G. (2023). 2022 Kadınlar Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası: Gol analizi: Betimsel araştırma. Türkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2022-92891.
- Billaut, F., Bishop, D., Schaerz, S., & Noakes, T. (2011). Influence of knowledge of sprint number on pacing during repeated-sprint exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(4), 665–672. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181f6ee3b
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., & Demirel, F. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Carling, C., Le Gall, F., & Dupont, G. (2012). Analysis of repeated high-intensity running performance in professional soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(4), 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.652655
- Chattanta, V., Verma, N., & Mehra, P. (2024). Quantifying the difference between male and female agility in football players: A cross-sectional study. Physical Therapy in Sport, 70, 90-94.
- Clemente, F. M., Lourenço, F. M., & Mendes, R. S. (2014). Developing aerobic and anaerobic fitness using small-sided soccer games: Methodological proposals. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 36(3), 76–87.
- Conover, W. J. (1999). Practical nonparametric statistics (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
- Datson, N., Drust, B., Weston, M., & Gregson, W. (2019). Repeated high-speed running in elite female soccer players during international competition. Science and Medicine in Football, 3(2), 150–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1573923.
- Datson, N., Drust, B., Weston, M., Jarman, I. H., Lisboa, P. J., & Gregson, W. (2017). Match physical performance of elite female soccer players during international competition. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(9), 2379–2387. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001575
- De Jong, L. M. S., Gastin, P. B., Angelova, M., Bruce, L., & Dwyer, D. B. (2020). Technical determinants of success in professional women’s soccer: A wider range of variables reveals new insights. PLoS ONE, 15(10), e0240992. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240992
- Doyle, B., Browne, D., & Horan, D. (2020). The relationship of aerobic endurance and linear speed on repeat sprint ability performance in female international footballers. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports
Sciences, 8(4), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080407
- Gabbett, T. J. (2010). The development of a test of repeated-sprint ability for elite women’s soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(5), 1191–1194. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d24f16.
- Gabbett, T. J., & Mulvey, M. J. (2008). Time-motion analysis of small-sided training games and competition in elite women soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(2), 543–552. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181635597
- Gabbett, T. J., Wiig, H., & Spencer, M. (2013). Repeated high-intensity running and sprinting in elite women’s soccer competition. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 8(2), 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.2.130
- Girard, O., Bishop, D., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2011). Repeated-sprint ability- part II: Recommendations for training. Sports Medicine, 41(9), 741–756. https://doi.org/10.2165/11590560-000000000-00000
- Gözel, Z. (2022). Futbolculara uygulanan 8 haftalık çabukluk antrenmanlarının top sürme, pas ve şut performansı ile çeviklik üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 9(81), 324–330. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.3002.
- Hewitt, A., Norton, K., & Lyons, K. (2014). Movement profiles of elite women soccer players during international matches and the effect of opposition’s team ranking. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1874–1880. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.951555
- Hill-Hass, S., Bishop, D., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., & Edge, J. (2007). Effects of rest interval during high-repetition resistance training on strength, aerobic fitness, and repeated-sprint ability. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 619–628. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600874849
- Joo, C. H., & Seo, D. I. (2016). Analysis of physical fitness and technical skills of youth soccer players according to playing position. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 12(6), 548–552. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1632730.365.
- Kotsakis, P., Michailidis, Y., Svynos, G., Mandroukas, A., Gissis, I., & Metaxas, T. (2023). Correlation between performance in repeated sprints and performance in other laboratory and field fitness tests in female soccer athletes. Trends in Sport Sciences, 30(4), 2–8. https://doi.org/10.23829/TSS.2023.30.4-2
- Lockie, R. G., Liu, T. M., Stage, A. A., Lazar, A., Giuliano, D. V., Hurley, J. M., ... & Orjalo, A. J. (2018). Assessing repeated-sprint ability in Division I collegiate women soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(2), 513–520. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002175
- Meckel, Y., Machnai, O., & Eliakim, A. (2009). Relationship among repeated sprint tests, aerobic fitness, and anaerobic fitness in elite adolescent soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818b9651
- Mısırlıgil, H. (2020). Futsal branşında farklı antrenman modellerinin teknik kapasiteye etkisi Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hitit Üniversitesi, Çorum.
- Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Andersson, H., & Mohr, M. (2008). Match activities and fatigue development of elite female soccer players at different levels of competition. In T. Reilly & F. Korkusuz (Eds.), Science and football VI (pp. 205-210). Routledge.
- Mukaka, M. M. (2012). A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Medical Journal, 24(3), 69-71.
- Muratlı, S., Kalyoncu, O., & Sahin, G. (2007). Antrenman ve müsabaka. Ladin Matbaası.
- Nakamura, F. Y., Pereira, L. A., Loturco, I., Rosseti, M., Moura, F. A., & Bradley, P. S. (2017). Repeated-sprint sequences during female soccer matches using fixed and individual speed thresholds. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(7), 1802–1810. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001766
- Oğuz, G., Eyibil, M. R., Akot, B., ve Yücel, N. C. (2023). Kadın futbolculara uygulanan Tabata antrenmanlarının antropometrik, fiziksel ve teknik performans parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Spormetre: The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 21(3), 144–159.
- Oliva-Lozano, J. M., Martínez-Puertas, H., Fortes, V., ve ark., (2023). Is there any relationship between match running, technical-tactical performance, and team success in professional soccer? A longitudinal study in the first and second divisions of LaLiga. Biology of Sport, 40(2), 587–594. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.115665
- Özer, K. (2009). Kinantropometri, sporda morfolojik planlama (2. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Evi.
- Pyne, D. B., Saunders, P. U., Montgomery, P. G., Hewitt, A. J., & Sheehan, K. (2008). Relationships between repeated sprint testing, speed, and endurance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1633–1637. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181822c1e
- Ramos, G. P., Nakamura, F. Y., Penna, E. M., Wilke, C. F., Pereira, L. A., Loturco, I., ... & Coimbra, C. C. (2019). Activity profiles in U17, U20, and senior women's Brazilian national soccer teams during international competitions: Are there meaningful differences? The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(12), 3414–3422. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001951.
- Rampinini, E., Impellizzeri, F. M., Castagna, C., Coutts, A. J., & Wisløff, U. (2009a). Technical performance during soccer matches of the Italian Serie A league: Effect of fatigue and competitive level. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(1), 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.10.002
- Rampinini, E., Sassi, A., Morelli, A., Mazzoni, S., Fanchini, M., & Coutts, A. J. (2009b). Repeated-sprint ability in professional and amateur soccer players. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee,
Nutrition et Metabolisme, 34(6), 1048–1054. https://doi.org/10.1139/H09-111.
- Rey, E., Padrón-Cabo, A., & Fernández-Penedo, D. (2017). Effects of sprint training with and without weighted vest on speed and repeated sprint ability in male soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(10), 2659-2666. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001726.
- Şengür, E., Aktuğ, Z. B., & Yılmaz, G. (2018). Futbolcularda alt ekstremiteye uygulanan akut vibrasyon antrenmanının şut hızı, şut isabeti ve çeviklik performansı üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 56-65.
- Souglis, A. G., Travlos, A. K., & Andronikos, G. (2023). The effect of proprioceptive training on technical soccer skills in female soccer. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 18(3), 748–760. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541221143689.
- Soydan, T. A. (2012). Tekrarlı sprint yeteneğinde cinsiyet farklılığının incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: An update. Sports Medicine, 35, 501-536. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535060-00004.
- Strand, B. N., & Wilson, R. (1993). Assessing sport skills. Human Kinetics.
- Taylor, J. B., Mellalieu, S. D., James, N., & Shearer, D. A. (2008). The influence of match location, quality of opposition, and match status on technical performance in professional association football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(9), 885-895. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701836887.
- Terlemez, M. (2019). Antik Çağdan Günümüze Somut Bulgular Işığında Futbolun Terminolojik, Teknik ve Kültürel Araştırması (Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Okan Üniversitesi).
- Thomas, K., French, D., & Hayes, P. R. (2009). The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(2), 332–335.
- Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu-TFF. (2023). IFAB oyun kuralları 23-24. Erişim adresi: https://www.tff.org/Resources/TFF/Documents/MHK/2023-2024/oyun-kurallari.pdf.
- Turner, A. N., & Stewart, P. F. (2014). Strength and conditioning for soccer players. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 36(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000054.
- Uluç, S., & Durukan, E. (2023). 12 haftalık core kuvvet antrenmanlarının seçili bazı motor performans parametreleri ile futbol teknik ve becerileri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi: Kadın futbolcular örneği. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 12(2), 567–580. https://doi.org/10.34091/gujhs.123456.
- Young, W. B., & Rath, D. A. (2011). Enhancing foot velocity in football kicking: The role of strength training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(2), 561-566. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bf42eb.