An Examining The Effect Of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Training On Cognitive Skills İn Professional Basketball Players

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 124 - 134

Recep Göçmen , Yeliz Pınar , Abdurrahman Aktop

https://doi.org/10.55238/seder.1569470

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heart rate variability feedback training on cognitive abilities in professional basketball players.
Method: Twenty-one professional female basketball players with a mean age of 23.14 years participated voluntarily in the study. The feedback training sessions lasted for six weeks in total, and the intervention was completed with eighteen sessions using an emWave Pro+ device and software. A computer-based test battery developed by Mueller and Piper (2014) was used to assess cognitive abilities, including Stroop, Rotation, and Corsi Block tests. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22 software. After the data distribution analyses, an independent T-test was used to compare the difference between the intervention and control groups.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups as a result of the comparison of the first and last test values of cognitive abilities (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It was determined that heart rate variability feedback training had no effect on the cognitive abilities of professional basketball players. It is concluded that this study is important to understand the relationship between cognitive abilities and biological feedback, but it is necessary to apply feedback training with a larger group of participants with different session durations and frequencies to reach more detailed results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biofeedback, Basketball, Cognitive abilities, Heart rate variability.

Profesyonel Basketbolcularda Uygulanan Kalp Atım Hızı Değişkenliği Biyolojik Geribildirim Antrenmanlarının Bilişsel Beceriler Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmamızda, profesyonel basketbolculara uygulanan kalp atım hızı değişkenliği geri bildirim antrenmanlarının, bilişsel beceriler üzerine etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Yaş ortalaması 23,14 olan 21 profesyonel kadın basketbol sporcusu çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Geri bildirim antrenmanları, emWave Pro+ cihazı ve yazılımı aracılığıyla toplamda altı hafta sürmüş ve on sekiz oturum ile müdahale tamamlanmıştır. Bilişsel beceriler değerlendirmek için Stroop, Rotation ve Corsi Block testleri Mueller ve Piper (2014) tarafından geliştirilen bilgisayar tabanlı bir test bataryası tercih edilmiştir. İstatiksel analizler SPSS 22 programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri dağılım analizleri sonrasında, müdahale ve kontrol grupları arasındaki farkın karşılaştırılmasında Bağımsız T-Testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Bilişsel becerilerin ilk test ve son test değerlerinin karşılaştırılması sonucunda gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı görülmüştür (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Kalp atım hızı değişkenliği geri bildirim antrenmanlarının, profesyonel basketbolcuların bilişsel becerileri üzerine etki etmediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın bilişsel beceriler ile biyolojik geri bildirim arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak adına önemli olduğu fakat daha detaylı sonuçlara varmak için daha geniş bir katılımcı grubu ile, farklı seans süreleri ve sıklıklarıyla geri bildirim antrenmanlarınıın uygulanmasına ihtiyaç olduğu sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyolojik geri bildirim, Basketbol, Bilişsel fonksiyonlar, Kalp atım hızı değişkenliği.

Etik Beyan

Gerçekleştirdiğimiz çalışmada Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Klinik Araştırma Etik kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (Onay tarihi ve Onay sayısı: 24.07.2020/09.2021.917).

Kaynakça

• Aktop, A., Kuzu, O., ve Çetin, E. (2017). Analysis of attention, eye-hand coordination and reaction time of young soccer players. The European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 13–19.
• Aktop, A., ve Seferoğlu, F. (2014). Sportif performans açısından nöro-geribildirim. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 23-36.
• Alpar, R. (2006). Spor bilimlerinde ugulamalı istatistik. 3. Baskı.Ankara. Nobel Yayın.
• Blondell, S. J., Hammersley-Mather, R., & Veerman, J. L. (2014). Does physical activity prevent cognitive decline and dementia?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. BMC public health, 14, 510. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-510
• Britton, A., Singh-Manoux, A., Hnatkova, K., Malik, M., Marmot, M. G., & Shipley, M. (2008). The association between heart rate variability and cognitive impairment in middle-aged men and women. The Whitehall II cohort study. Neuroepidemiology, 31, 115–121.
• Colcombe, S., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Science, 14(2), 125–130.
• Cox, E. P., O'Dwyer, N., Cook, R., Vetter, M., Cheng, H. L., Rooney, K., & O'Connor, H. (2016). Relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in apparently healthy young to middle-aged adults: A systematic review. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 19(8), 616–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.09.003
• Cunningham, C., O' Sullivan, R., Caserotti, P., & Tully, M. A. (2020). Consequences of physical inactivity in older adults: A systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 30(5), 816–827. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13616
• D’Souza, D., & Avati, A. (2021). Memory and Learning: Basic Concepts. In Thomas, K.A., Kureethara, J.V., & Bhattacharyya, S. (Eds.) Neuro-Systemic Applications in Learning. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72400-9_11
• Desimone, R. (1996). Neural mechanisms for visual memory and their role in attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93, 13494–13499.
• Doucette, J. (2010). LMHC mindful technology emWaveBiofeedback training manual heart rate variability. 1st edition.
• Jester, D. J., Rozek, E. K., & McKelley, R. A. (2019). Heart rate variability biofeedback: implications for cognitive and psychiatric effects in older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 23(5), 574-580.
• Forte, G., Favieri, F., & Casagrande, M. (2019). Heart rate variability and cognitive function: A systematic review. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13.
• Frewen, J., Finucane, C., Savva, G. M., Boyle, G., Coen, R. F., & Kenny, R. A. (2013). Cognitive function is associated with impaired heart rate variability in ageing adults: the Irish longitudinal study on ageing wave one results. Clinical Autonomic Research, 23, 313-323.
• Hijazi, M. M. K. (2013). Attention, visual perception and their relationship to sport performance in fencing. Journal of Human Kinetics, 39(1), 195-201.
• Lambourne, K., & Tomporowski, P. (2010). The effect of exercise-induced arousal on cognitive task performance: a meta-regression analysis. Brain Research, 1341, 12–24.
• Lehrer, P. M., & Gevirtz, R. (2014). Heart rate variability biofeedback: How and why does it work? Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 104242.
• Lehrer, P. M., Vaschillo, E., & Vaschillo, B. (2000). Resonant frequency biofeedback training to increase cardiac variability: Rationale and manual for training. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 25(3), 177-191.
• Lohman, D. (1993). Spatial ability and G. Paper presented at the first Spearman seminar.
• Mahinrad, S., Jukema, J. W., Van Heemst, D., Macfarlane, P. W., Clark, E. N., De Craen, A. J., & Sabayan, B. (2016). 10-Second heart rate variability and cognitive function in old age. Neurology, 86(12), 1120-1127.
• Nashiro, K., Yoo, H. J., Cho, C., Min, J., Feng, T., Nasseri, P., Bachman, S. L., Lehrer, P., Thayer, J. F., & Mather, M. (2023). Effects of a randomised trial of 5-week heart rate variability biofeedback ıntervention on cognitive function: Possible benefits for ınhibitory control. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 48(1), 35–48.
• Ohayon, M. M., & Vecchierini, M. F. (2005). Normative sleep data, cognitive function and daily living activities in older adults in the community. Sleep, 28(8), 981–989.
• Okano, H., Hirano, T., & Balaban, E. (2000). Learning and memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(23), 12403–12404. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.210381897
• Paul, M., Garg, K., & Sandhu, J. S. (2012). Role of biofeedback in optimizing psychomotor performance in sports. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(1), 29-40.
• Pessoa, L., McKenna, M., Gutierrez, E., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2002). Neural processing of emotional faces requires attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(17), 11458-11463.
• Schaich, C. L., Malaver, D., Chen, H., Shaltout, H. A., Zeki Al Hazzouri, A., Herrington, D. M., & Hughes, T. M. (2020). Association of Heart Rate Variability With Cognitive Performance: The multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(7).
• Schefke, T., & Gronek, P. (2010). Improving attentional processes in sport: defining attention, attentional skills and attention types. Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism, 17(4), 295-299.
• Smith, P. J., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2016). Dietary Factors and Cognitive Decline. The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease, 3(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2015.71
• Stawski, R. S., Sliwinski, M. J., & Smyth, J. M. (2006). Stress-related cognitive interference predicts cognitive function in old age. Psychology and aging, 21(3), 535–544. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.535
• Sternberg, R. J. (2014). Advances in the psychology of human intelligence: Volume 4. Psychology Press.
• Turğut, M. (2007). İlköğretim II. kademede öğrencilerin uzamsal yeteneklerinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
• Chang, Y. K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., & Etnier, J. L. (2012). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain Research, 1453, 87-101.
• Zeki Al Hazzouri, A., Elfassy, T., Carnethon, M. R., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., & Yaffe, K. (2018). Heart rate variability and cognitive function in middle-age adults: the coronary artery risk development in young adults. American Journal of Hypertension, 31(1), 27-34.
• Ziemowit, B., Nawara, H., & Ociepa, M. (2013). Assessment of simple reaction time in badminton players. Trends in Sport Sciences, 1(20), 54–61.