Yaş Dostu Kentler

Öz

Bu makale, yaş dostu kentlerin geliştirilmesi yoluyla kentsel çevrelerin yaşlanan nüfusun artan ihtiyaçlarına uyum sağlama zorunluluğunu tartışmaktadır. Yaşlı bireyleri kapsayıcı girişimlere duyulan ihtiyacın altını çizmekte, demografik değişimin yaşlı bir küresel nüfusa doğru olduğunu ve uygun kentsel tasarım ve politika ile desteklendiğinde yaşlı yetişkinlerin topluma yapabileceği katkıyı kabul etmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar, yaşlı yetişkinlerin gelişebileceği ortamlar yaratma konusunda hem başarıları hem de zorlukları ortaya koymaktadır. Yerel yönetimler ve bir dizi paydaş arasındaki iş birlikleri, yerel yönetim görevlilerinin kapasitesini geliştirme çalışmaları, yaşlanmayla ilgili etkili hizmetler ve toplum altyapısı oluşturma konusunda bilgi paylaşımına odaklanmaktadır. Gençler ve ailelere yönelik köklü planlama süreçleri ile yaşlanan nüfusa yönelik planlama süreçleri arasında belirgin bir fark olduğu ortaya konmuş, daha kapsamlı ve ölçülebilir yaş dostu politikalara ve altyapıya duyulan ihtiyaç vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca makale, hükûmet bütçeleri üzerindeki mevcut ekonomik kısıtlamaların, yerinde yaşlanmayı arttırabilecek müdahalelerin tasarlanması için yenilikçi yaklaşımlar gerektirdiğinin üzerinde durmakta ve yaşam boyu mahalleler ve yaş dostu toplulukların bu tür müdahaleler için model oluşturabileceğini öne sürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaş dostu kentler
• Kentsel planlama
• Yaşlı savunuculuğu
• Toplumsal gelişim
• Kuşaklar arası iş birliği

Age-Friendly Cities

Öz

This paper discusses the need to adapt urban environments to the growing needs of an aging population through the development of age-friendly cities. The article highlights the need for initiatives that are inclusive of older people, recognizing that the demographic shift is towards an older global population and that older adults can contribute better to society when supported by appropriate urban designs and policies. Those studies have revealed both the successes and challenges that have occurred when creating environments where older adults can thrive, as well as how collaboration between local governments and a range of stakeholders have focused on building the capacity of local government officials and sharing knowledge about building effective age-related services and community infrastructure. The study has revealed a marked difference between the well-established planning processes for young people and families and those for the aging population, highlighting the need for more comprehensive and measurable age-friendly policies and infrastructure. The paper also highlights that current economic constraints on government budgets require innovative approaches to designing policies that can promote aging in place and suggests that lifelong neighborhoods and age-friendly communities can serve as models for such policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Age-friendly cities
• Urban planning
• Elderly advocacy
• Community development
• Intergenerational cooperation

Kaynakça

1. Ambigga, K., Ramli, A. S., Ariaratnam, S., Tauhid, N., Clearihan, L., & Browning, C. J. (2011). Bridging the gap in ageing: Translating policies into practice in Malaysian Primary Care. Asia Pacific Family Medicine, 10(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1447-056x-10-2 google scholar
2. Annear, M., Keeling, S., & Wilkinson, T. (2014). Participatory and evidence-based recommendations for urban redevelopment following natural disasters: older adults as policy advisers. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 33(1), 43-49. google scholar
3. Bevan, M., & Croucher, K. (2011). Lifetime neighbourhoods. Department for Communities and Local Government. google scholar
4. Buffel, T., & Phillipson, C. (2016). Can global cities be ‘age-friendly cities’? urban development and ageing populations. Cities, 55, 94-100. google scholar
5. Buffel, T., Mcgarry, P., Phillipson, C., De Donder, L., Dury, S., De Witte, N., Smetcoren, A. S., & Verte, D. (2014). Developing age-friendly cities: case studies from Brussels and Manchester and implications for policy and practice. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 26(1-2), 52-72. google scholar
6. Buffel, T., Phillipson, C., & Scharf, T. (2012). Ageing in urban environments: developing “age-friendly” cities. Critical Social Policy, 32(4), 597-617. google scholar
7. Chao, T. S., & Huang, H. (2016). The East Asian age-friendly cities promotion - Taiwan’s experience and the need for an oriental paradigm. Global Health Promotion, 23, 85-89. google scholar
8. Cheng, Y., Rosenberg, M. W., Wang, W., Yang, L., & Li, H. (2011). Ageing, health and place in residential care facilities in Beijing, China. Social Science and Medicine, 71, 365-372. google scholar

9. Feldman, P. H., & Oberlink, M. R. (2003). The AdvantAge Initiative: Developing community indicators to promote the health and well-being of older people. Family & Community Health, 26, 268-274. google scholar
10. Fitzgerald, K. G., & Caro, F. G. (2014). An overview of age-friendly cities and communities around the world. Journal ofAging & Social Policy, 26, 1-18. google scholar
11. Garon, S., Paris, M., Beaulieu, M., Veil, A., & Laliberte, A. (2014). Collaborative partnership in age-friendly cities: two case studies from Quebec, Canada. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 26(1-2), 73-87. google scholar
12. Glass, A. P., Gao, Y., & Luo, J. (2013). China: Facing a long-term care challenge on an unprecedented scale. Global Public Health, 8(6), 725-738. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2013.782060 google scholar
13. Hung, J., & Lu, K. (2013). Research on the healthy lifestyle model, active ageing, and loneliness of senior learners. Educational Gerontology, 40(5), 353-362. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.822200 google scholar
14. James, K., Holder-Nevins, D., Morris, C., Eldemire-Shearer, D., Powell, J., & Laws, H. (2012). Ageing in place: Implications of morbidity patterns among older persons - Findings from a cross-sectional study in a developing country (Jamaica). Australasian Journal on Ageing, 31, 170-175. google scholar
15. Kerbler, B. (2015). Population ageing and urban space. Annales Series Historia Et Sociologia, 25(1), 33-48. google scholar
16. Labus, A. (2012). Concepts of urban renewal in an aging society in the XXI century - case studies in Polish cities. In M. Schrenk, V. V. Popovich, P. Zeile, & P. Elisei (Eds.), REAL CORP 2012. Re-Mixing the City. Towards Sustainability and Resilience? (pp. 151-160). CORP. google scholar
17. Lee, G. K., & Chan, E. H. (2010). Evaluation of the urban renewal projects in social dimensions. Property Management, 28(4), 257-269. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637471011065683 google scholar
18. Mcgarry, P., & Morris, J. (2011). A great place to grow older: a case study of how Manchester is developing an age-friendly city. Working With Older People, 15(1), 38-46. google scholar
19. Mouratidis, K. (2021). Urban planning and quality of life: A review of pathways linking the built environment to subjective well-being. Cities, 115, 103229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cities.2021.103229 google scholar
20. Ozanne, E., Biggs, S., & Kurowski, W. (2014). Competing frameworks in planning for the aged in the growth corridors of Melbourne. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 26(1-2), 147-165. google scholar
21. Riseborough, M., & Sribjilanin, A. (2000). Overlooked and excluded? Older people and regeneration: A review of policy and practice. Age Concern England. google scholar
22. Rose, A. M., Hennis, A. J., & Hambleton, I. R. (2008). Sex and the city: Differences in disease and disability-free life years, and active community participation of elderly men and women in 7 cities in Latin America and the Caribbean. BMC Public Health, 8, 127. google scholar
23. Ruza, J.; Kim,J. I.; Leung, I.; Kam, C. & Ng, S. Y. M. (2014). Sustainable, age-friendly cities: An evaluation framework and case study application on Palo Alto, California. Sustainable Cities and Society, 14, 390-396. google scholar
24. Scharlach, A. E., & Lehning, A. J. (2013). Ageing-friendly communities and social inclusion in the United States of America. Ageing and Society, 33, 110-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0144686X12000578 google scholar
25. Sharqi, A., Zarghami, E., Olfat, M. & Salehi Kousalari, F. (2016). Evaluating status of global incides of age-friendly city in Tehran metropolis (AFC). Architecture Civil Engineering Environment, 3, 35-52. google scholar
26. Simpson, C. (2010). Older people and engagement in neighbourhood renewal: A qualitative study of stoke-on-trent (Doctoral Dissertation, Keele University). google scholar
27. Steels, S. (2015). Key characteristics of age-friendly cities and communities: a review. Cities, 47, 45-52. google scholar
28. Williams, G. A. (2000). Rebuilding the Entrepreneurial City: The Master Planning response to the bombing of ManChester City Centre. Environment & Planning. B, Planning & Design/Environment and Planning. B, Planning and Design, 27(4), 485-505. https://doi.org/10.1068/b2626 google scholar