DETERMINATION OF PLATINUM, PALLADIUM AND RHODIUM BY NICKEL SULPHIDE FIRE ASSAY (PRE-CONCENTRATION) METHOD AND ITS OPTIMIZATION

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2, 211 - 220, 01.06.2014

Mehmet Hakan Morcalı Süleyman Akman Onuralp Yücel

Öz

The growing use of platinum, palladium and rhodium (PGM) in metallurgy, jewelry and chemical industrial applications results in the necessity of fast and accurate a method for the determination of PGM, not only in natural sources, but also in recyclable materials, such as concentrates, anode slime, polish waste and catalytic converters. In this study, the performance of the nickel sulphide (NiS) fire assay of PGM from mixtures of catalytic converters (e.g., gasoline and diesel engine catalytic converters) is investigated by assessing the effects of various flux ratios and reaction parameters on metals recovery. We found that optimum recovery was achieved with 57.5 g of flux (0.40 w/w ratio, B2O3:Na2O), 6.36 g (as 5 g Ni) nickel oxide and 5 g sulfur (1.0 w/w ratio, Ni:S) for five gram of sample, reacted for 90 min at 975°C. To identify the optimum condition, reference standards such as NIST SRM 2557 (honeycomb type) were used to compare efficiencies; the results were consistent with certified values. It is proposed that a method to isolate at least 99% of the Pd, Pt, and Rh present in catalytic converters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nickel sulfide, fire assay, platinum, palladium, rhodium.

Kaynakça

• [1] Fornalczyk A., Saternus M., “Catalytic Converters as a Source of Platinum”, Metalurgija, 50,4,261-264, 2011.
• [2] Aktas S., Morcali M.H., “Platinum recovery from dilute platinum solutions using activated carbon”, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 21,11,2554-2558, 2011.
• [3] Alonso E., Field F.R., Kirchain R.E. “Platinum availability for future automotive technologies”, Environmental Science and Technology, 46,23,12986-12993, 2012.
• [4] Resano M., Garcia-Ruiz E., Mcintosh K.S., Vanhaecke F., “Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry for the determination of platinum group metals and gold in NiS buttons obtained by fire assay of platiniferous ores”, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 23,12,1599-1609, 2008.
• [5] Juvonen R., “Analysis of gold and the platinum group elements in geological samples”, Helsinki: Geological Survey of Finland,1999.
• [6] Juvonen R., Lakomaa T., Soikkeli L., “Determination of gold and the platinum group elements in geological samples by ICP-MS after nickel sulphide fire assay: difficulties encountered with different types of geological samples”, Talanta, 58,3,595-603, 2002.
• [7] Jimenez De Aberasturi D., Pinedo R., Ruiz De Larramendi I., Ruiz De Larramendi J.I., Rojo T., “Recovery by hydrometallurgical extraction of the platinum-group metals from car catalytic converters”, Minerals Engineering, 24,6,505-513, 2011.
• [8] Harjanto S., Yucai C., Atsushi S., et al., “Leaching of Pt, Pd and Rh from automotive catalyst residue in various chloride based solutions”, Materials Transactions, 47,1,129-135, 2006.
• [9] Gupta J.G.S., “Determination of trace and ultra-trace amounts of noble-metals in geological and related materials by graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry after separation by ion-exchange or co-precipitation with tellurium”, Talanta, 36,6,651-656, 1989.
• [10] Payette M., “The determination of platinum, palladium and rhodium in autocatalyst: an exploration of sample preparation techniques for the rapid sequential multi-elemental ICP-MS analysis” Canada: Laurentian University in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1997.
• [11] Jorge A.P.D., Enzweiler J., Shibuya E.K., et al., “Platinum-group elements and gold determination NiS fire assay buttons by UV laser ablation ICP-MS”, Geostandards Newsletter-the Journal of Geostandards and Geoanalysis, , 22,1,47-55, 1998.
• [12] Hageluken C., “Precious metals process catalysts-material flows and recycling” Chimica Oggi, 24,2,14-17, 2006.
• [13] Zereini F., Skerstupp B., Urban H., “Comparison between the Use of Sodium and Lithium Tetraborate in Platinum-Group Element Determination by Nickel Sulfide Fire-Assay”, Geostandards Newsletter, 18,1, 105-109, 1994.
• [14] Bor F.Y., “Ekstraktif Metalurji Prensipleri Kısım II”, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Matbaası, 1989.
• [15] Herring D.P., Price B.D., Staunton W.P., “Platinum group metal analysis an overview”, AusIMM Kalgoorlie Branch, Equipment in the minerals industry: Exploration, Mining and Processing Conference, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, 123-126, 1987.
• [16] Sun Y., Chu Z., Sun M., et al., “An improved Fe-Ni sulfide fire assay method for determination of Re, platinum group elements, and Os isotopic ratios by inductively coupled plasma- and negative thermal ionization-mass spectrometry”, Applied Spectroscopy, 63,11, 1232-1237, 2009.