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Revealing the Essence of Cinema: A Philosophical Inquiry into Paulo Sorrentino's The Hand of God

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 17, 154 - 168, 27.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31122/sinefilozofi.1438933

Öz

Several philosophers, academicians and film-makers have contributed to the long-debated subject of what cinema is. The majority of the answers include the relationship between cinema and reality. Some correlate reality with the physical circumstances of an object and others emphasize the importance of human experience. Whatever the answer is, cinema is rooted in human existence. Therefore, while replying to the question of what cinema is, it is crucial to acknowledge the humanistic essence. Paolo Sorrentino’s highly personal film, The Hand of God (2021) questions the ontology of cinema by positioning the film-maker as a creator at its core. Through its plot, dialogues and cinematography, the film debates about what cinema is and who a director is. Hence, The Hand of God links the ontology of cinema to the presence of a creator blinking an eye to auteurism. This paper aims to analyze The Hand of God utilizing Bazin’s and Cavell’s insights on the ontology of moving image by using the hermeneutic analysis method. As a result of the analysis, it has been observed that the film gives central importance to the film-maker as a creator of emotions, thought and life experiences.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Arnheim, R. (1957). Film as art. University of California Press.
  • Arnheim, R. (1974). On the nature of photography. Critical Inquiry, 1(1), 149-161.
  • Audi, R. (1999). The Cambridge dictionary of philosophy. Cambridge University Press.
  • Badiou, A. (2013). Cinema. (S. Spitzer, Trans.) Polity Press.
  • Bal, H. (2016). Nitel araştırma yöntem ve teknikleri. Sentez Yayınları.
  • Balázs, B. (2010). Béla Balázs: Early film theory. (R. Livingstone, Trans.). Berghahn Books.
  • Bazin, A. (2022). Sinema nedir?. Doruk Yayınları.
  • Boardman, F. (2019). Film ontology: Extension, criteria and candidates. In N. Carroll, L. T. Di Summa, & S. Loht (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of the philosophy of film and motion pictures (pp. 3-28). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Cavell, S. (1979). The world viewed: Reflections on the ontology of film. Harvard University Press.
  • Davis, C. (2014). Too far or not far enough?: Alain Badiou and the hermeneutics of small moments. The Comparatist, 38(October), 83-96. DOI: 10.1353/com.2014.0024.
  • Davis, C. (2021). Silent Renoir: Philosophy and the ınterpretation of early film . Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Deleuze, G. (1997). Cinema 1 the movement image (Ed. 5). (H. Tomlinson, & B. Habberjam, Trans.) University of Minnesota Press.
  • Easthope, A. (1999). Contemporary film theory. Routledge.
  • Farin, I. (2021). Hermeneutics (Hermeneutic). In Wrathall, M. A. (Ed.), The Cambridge Heidegger Lexicon (pp. 375-379). Cambridge University Press
  • Film & Media Studies. (2022). André Bazin's "The myth of total cinema". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXiL6twN2EE
  • Friebe, C. (2022). Kant’s ontology of appearances and the synthetic apriori. Kant-Studien, 113(3), 498-512. DOI: 10.1515/kant-2022-2027.
  • Ganz, A., & Khatib, L. (2006). Digital cinema: The transformation of film practice and aesthetics. New Cinemas: Journal of Contemporary Film, 21-36. doi: 10.1386/ncin.4.1.21/1.
  • Godard, J. L. (Dir.). (1965). Pierrot le Fou [Motion Picture].
  • Gram, M. S. (1968). Kant, ontology, and the a priori. Northwestern University Press.
  • Guarino, N., Oberle, D., & Staab, S. (2009). What is an ontology?. In S. Staab, & R. Studer (Eds.), Handbook of Ontologies (pp. 1-21). Springer.
  • Hartmann, N. (1953). New ways of ontology. (R. C. Kuhn, Trans.) Henry Regnery Company.
  • Hartmann, N. (2019). Ontology: Laying the foundations. (K. R. Peterson, Trans.). De Gruyter.
  • Hartmann, N. (2021). Almanya’da yeni ontoloji cereyanı. Felsefe Arkivi, 2(3), 202-254.
  • Hilsabeck, B. (2016). The “is” in what is cinema?: On André Bazin and Stanley Cavell. Cinema Journal, 55(2), 25-42. DOI.10.1353/cj.2016.0000.
  • Jarvie, I. (1987). Philosophy of the film : Epistemology, ontology, aesthetics. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Kohn, E. (2021). Hand of God’: How Paolo Sorrentino confronted the greatest tragedy of his life with his most personal movie. IndieWire: https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/the-hand-of-god-paolo-sorrentino-interview-1234659825/
  • Kosman, A. (2013). The activity of being: An essay on Aristotle's ontology. Harvard University Press.
  • Lacey, A. R. (1996). A dictionary of philosophy (3rd Edition). Routledge.
  • Langdale, A. (2002). S(t)imulation of mind: The film theory of Hugo Münsterberg. In A. Langdale (Ed.), Hugo Münsterberg on Film: (s. 1-44). Routledge.
  • Lowenstein, A. (2007). The surrealism of the photographic image: Bazin, Barthes, and the digital sweet hereafter. Cinema Journal, 46(3), 54-82.
  • Lumière, L., & Lumière, A. (Dir.). (1896). Arrival of the train [Motion Picture].
  • McGregor, R. (2013). A new/old ontology of film. Film-Philosophy, 17(1), 265-280.
  • Morgan, D. (2006). Rethinking Bazin: Ontology and realist aesthetics. Critical Inquiry, 32(3), 443-481.
  • Morkoç, U. (2021). Film üzerine felsefi bir soruşturma: Stanley Cavell’ın film ontolojisi. SineFilozofi Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 220-231. https://doi.org/10.31122/sinefilozofi.862405.
  • Olson, M. J. (2018). On the significance of the copernican revolution: Transcendental philosophy and the object of metaphysics. Con-Textos Kantianos International Journal of Philosophy, 89-127. Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1298708.
  • Online Etymology Dictionary. Ontology. Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/ontology
  • Peterson, K. R. (2012). An introduction to Nicolai Hartmann’s critical ontology. Axiomathes, 22, 291-314.
  • Rée, J., & Urmson, J. O. (2005). The concise encyclopedia of western philosophy (3rd. Edition). Routledge. Rodowick, D. N. (2007). The virtual life of film. Harvard University Press.
  • Shaw, D. (2019). Stanley Cavell and the magic of Hollywood films. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Sorrentino, P. (Dir.). (2021). The Hand of God [Motion Picture].

Sinemanın Özünü Açığa Çıkarmak: Paulo Sorrentino'nun Tanrı'nın Eli Filmi Üzerine Felsefi Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 17, 154 - 168, 27.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31122/sinefilozofi.1438933

Öz

Çok sayıda filozof, akademisyen ve film yapımcısı sinemanın ne olduğu konusunda yürütülen uzun süreli tartışmaya katkıda bulunmuştur. Cevapların büyük çoğunluğu sinema ve gerçeklik arasındaki ilişkiyi içermektedir. Bazıları gerçekliği bir nesnenin fiziksel koşullarıyla ilişkilendirirken, diğerleri insan deneyiminin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Cevap ne olursa olsun, sinema insan varoluşuna dayanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, sinemanın ne olduğu sorusuna yanıt verirken insani özünü kabul etmek önemlidir. Paolo Sorrentino'nun son derece kişisel filmi Tanrının Eli (2021), yönetmeni sinema eserinin yaratıcısı olarak konumlandırarak sinemanın ontolojisini sorgulamaktadır. Film, konusu, diyalogları ve sinematografisi aracılığıyla sinemanın ne olduğu ve film yapımcısının kim olduğu hakkında bir tartışma açmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Tanrının Eli, sinemanın ontolojisini bir yaratıcının varlığına bağlamakta ve auteurizme yakınlaşan bir anlamlandırmaya yol açmaktadır. Bu makale, Bazin ve Cavell'ın hareketli görüntünün ontolojisine dair görüşlerinden yararlanarak Tanrının Eli'ni hermenötik analiz yöntemiyle çözümlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Analiz sonucunda filmin, duygu, düşünce ve yaşam deneyimlerinin yaratıcısı olarak film yapımcısına merkezi bir önem verdiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Arnheim, R. (1957). Film as art. University of California Press.
  • Arnheim, R. (1974). On the nature of photography. Critical Inquiry, 1(1), 149-161.
  • Audi, R. (1999). The Cambridge dictionary of philosophy. Cambridge University Press.
  • Badiou, A. (2013). Cinema. (S. Spitzer, Trans.) Polity Press.
  • Bal, H. (2016). Nitel araştırma yöntem ve teknikleri. Sentez Yayınları.
  • Balázs, B. (2010). Béla Balázs: Early film theory. (R. Livingstone, Trans.). Berghahn Books.
  • Bazin, A. (2022). Sinema nedir?. Doruk Yayınları.
  • Boardman, F. (2019). Film ontology: Extension, criteria and candidates. In N. Carroll, L. T. Di Summa, & S. Loht (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of the philosophy of film and motion pictures (pp. 3-28). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Cavell, S. (1979). The world viewed: Reflections on the ontology of film. Harvard University Press.
  • Davis, C. (2014). Too far or not far enough?: Alain Badiou and the hermeneutics of small moments. The Comparatist, 38(October), 83-96. DOI: 10.1353/com.2014.0024.
  • Davis, C. (2021). Silent Renoir: Philosophy and the ınterpretation of early film . Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Deleuze, G. (1997). Cinema 1 the movement image (Ed. 5). (H. Tomlinson, & B. Habberjam, Trans.) University of Minnesota Press.
  • Easthope, A. (1999). Contemporary film theory. Routledge.
  • Farin, I. (2021). Hermeneutics (Hermeneutic). In Wrathall, M. A. (Ed.), The Cambridge Heidegger Lexicon (pp. 375-379). Cambridge University Press
  • Film & Media Studies. (2022). André Bazin's "The myth of total cinema". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXiL6twN2EE
  • Friebe, C. (2022). Kant’s ontology of appearances and the synthetic apriori. Kant-Studien, 113(3), 498-512. DOI: 10.1515/kant-2022-2027.
  • Ganz, A., & Khatib, L. (2006). Digital cinema: The transformation of film practice and aesthetics. New Cinemas: Journal of Contemporary Film, 21-36. doi: 10.1386/ncin.4.1.21/1.
  • Godard, J. L. (Dir.). (1965). Pierrot le Fou [Motion Picture].
  • Gram, M. S. (1968). Kant, ontology, and the a priori. Northwestern University Press.
  • Guarino, N., Oberle, D., & Staab, S. (2009). What is an ontology?. In S. Staab, & R. Studer (Eds.), Handbook of Ontologies (pp. 1-21). Springer.
  • Hartmann, N. (1953). New ways of ontology. (R. C. Kuhn, Trans.) Henry Regnery Company.
  • Hartmann, N. (2019). Ontology: Laying the foundations. (K. R. Peterson, Trans.). De Gruyter.
  • Hartmann, N. (2021). Almanya’da yeni ontoloji cereyanı. Felsefe Arkivi, 2(3), 202-254.
  • Hilsabeck, B. (2016). The “is” in what is cinema?: On André Bazin and Stanley Cavell. Cinema Journal, 55(2), 25-42. DOI.10.1353/cj.2016.0000.
  • Jarvie, I. (1987). Philosophy of the film : Epistemology, ontology, aesthetics. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Kohn, E. (2021). Hand of God’: How Paolo Sorrentino confronted the greatest tragedy of his life with his most personal movie. IndieWire: https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/the-hand-of-god-paolo-sorrentino-interview-1234659825/
  • Kosman, A. (2013). The activity of being: An essay on Aristotle's ontology. Harvard University Press.
  • Lacey, A. R. (1996). A dictionary of philosophy (3rd Edition). Routledge.
  • Langdale, A. (2002). S(t)imulation of mind: The film theory of Hugo Münsterberg. In A. Langdale (Ed.), Hugo Münsterberg on Film: (s. 1-44). Routledge.
  • Lowenstein, A. (2007). The surrealism of the photographic image: Bazin, Barthes, and the digital sweet hereafter. Cinema Journal, 46(3), 54-82.
  • Lumière, L., & Lumière, A. (Dir.). (1896). Arrival of the train [Motion Picture].
  • McGregor, R. (2013). A new/old ontology of film. Film-Philosophy, 17(1), 265-280.
  • Morgan, D. (2006). Rethinking Bazin: Ontology and realist aesthetics. Critical Inquiry, 32(3), 443-481.
  • Morkoç, U. (2021). Film üzerine felsefi bir soruşturma: Stanley Cavell’ın film ontolojisi. SineFilozofi Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 220-231. https://doi.org/10.31122/sinefilozofi.862405.
  • Olson, M. J. (2018). On the significance of the copernican revolution: Transcendental philosophy and the object of metaphysics. Con-Textos Kantianos International Journal of Philosophy, 89-127. Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1298708.
  • Online Etymology Dictionary. Ontology. Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/ontology
  • Peterson, K. R. (2012). An introduction to Nicolai Hartmann’s critical ontology. Axiomathes, 22, 291-314.
  • Rée, J., & Urmson, J. O. (2005). The concise encyclopedia of western philosophy (3rd. Edition). Routledge. Rodowick, D. N. (2007). The virtual life of film. Harvard University Press.
  • Shaw, D. (2019). Stanley Cavell and the magic of Hollywood films. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Sorrentino, P. (Dir.). (2021). The Hand of God [Motion Picture].
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sinema Kuramları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Erdinç Yılmaz 0000-0003-1693-3481

Proje Numarası -
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 3 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, E. (2024). Revealing the Essence of Cinema: A Philosophical Inquiry into Paulo Sorrentino’s The Hand of God. SineFilozofi(17), 154-168. https://doi.org/10.31122/sinefilozofi.1438933