Türkiye'de 2021-2024 Yılları Arasında Makine Öğrenmesi Modelleri Kullanılarak Trafik Kazası Analizi ve Tahmini

Öz

Trafik kazaları, kamu güvenliği ve kentsel gelişim açısından önemli bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Son yıllarda, dünya nüfusunun artması ve araç sayısının çoğalması nedeniyle trafik kazalarının sayısı yükselmiş, bu da çok sayıda ölüm ve yaralanmaya yol açmıştır. Bu çalışma, 2021-2024 yılları arasında Türkiye'nin beş büyük şehrindeki trafik kazalarını inceleyerek eğilimleri belirlemeyi ve doğrusal regresyon ile rastgele orman regresyon modelleri kullanarak gelecekteki kazaları tahmin etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu analiz için veriler, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı'ndan temin edilmiştir. Model performansını değerlendirmek için Ortalama Mutlak Hata, Ortalama Kare Hatası ve R-kare gibi temel değerlendirme ölçütleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, kazaların şehirler, aylar ve yıllar arasında önemli farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca bulgular, makine öğrenimi modellerinin trafik kazalarını yüksek doğrulukla tahmin etme konusundaki etkinliğini vurgulamaktadır. İki model arasında, rastgele orman regresörünün, değerlendirme ölçütleri açısından doğrusal regresyondan daha üstün performans gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, analiz sonuçları beş şehirde, özellikle Ankara ve İzmir'de, kaza, ölüm ve yaralanma sayılarında artış eğilimi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu öngörüsel ve analitik bulgular, trafik kazalarını azaltmak ve yol güvenliğini artırmak için politika yapıcılar ve araştırmacılar için yol gösterici olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğrusal regresyon
• Makine öğrenimi
• Rastgele Orman
• Trafik kazası

Traffic Accident Analysis and Prediction Using Machine Learning Models in Türkiye from 2021 to 2024

Öz

Traffic accidents represent a major challenge to public safety and urban development. In recent years, the number of road traffic accidents has been increasing due to the rising global population and the growing number of vehicles, leading to numerous fatalities and injuries. This study examines traffic accidents in five major cities of Türkiye from 2021 to 2024, aiming to identify trends and predict future accidents using linear regression and random forest regressor models. Data for this analysis were obtained from the Gendarmerie General Command of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Republic of Türkiye. To evaluate model performance, key metrics such as Mean Absolute Error, Mean Squared Error, and R-squared were utilized. The results indicate significant variations in accident patterns across cities, months, and years. Furthermore, findings highlight the effectiveness of machine learning models in predicting traffic incidents with high accuracy. Among the two models, the random forest regressor outperforms linear regression in terms of evaluation metrics. Moreover, the analytical results indicate an upward trend in accidents, fatalities, and injuries across the five cities, particularly in Ankara and İzmir. These predictive and analytical insights can provide valuable guidance for policymakers and researchers in formulating effective strategies to mitigate traffic accidents and enhance road safety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Linear regression
• Machine learning
• Random Forest
• Traffic accident

Kaynakça

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