Kömür Maden Sahalarının Atık ve Maden Stok Alanlarında Asit Maden Drenajının Karakterizasyonu: Kinetik Test Nem Hücresi Yöntemi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 96 - 113, 29.06.2024

Tugay Aktaş , Ömer Faruk Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.33484/sinopfbd.1379682

Öz

Madencilik faaliyetlerinin ekonomik girdilerinin değerlendirilmesinin yanı sıra bu faaliyetler sonucunda ortaya çıkabilecek çevresel kaygıların da incelenmesi önemlidir. Gelecek nesiller üzerinde olumsuz çevresel etkilerin önlenmesi için madencilik tesislerinin işletilmesine ilişkin yasal düzenlemelerin madencilik faaliyetleri ve çevresel etkilerle bütünleşik bir şekilde uygulanması gerekmektedir. Madenciliğe özgü en önemli çevre sorunları, maden atıklarının karakterizasyonunun yeterince incelenmemesi ve bu atıkların yıllar içinde çevreye verebileceği kirliliğin tam olarak tespit edilememesidir. Özellikle kükürt mineralleri açısından zengin olan kömür madenlerinin açılması, işletilmesi ve kapatılması sırasında atmosferik işlemlere maruz kalan bu minerallerin reaksiyonları sonucu ortaya çıkan Asit Maden Drenajı (AMD) oluşumu doğal yaşamı tehdit etmektedir. Cevher ve atığın AMD oluşum potansiyelini tahmin etmek amacıyla sahanın mineralojik ve kimyasal bileşimini belirlemek amacıyla statik ve kinetik testler uygulanmaktadır. Bu testler arasında doğa koşullarını temsil etmesi açısından en uygun test kinetik test yöntemidir. Çalışma kapsamında ASTM D5744-18 standardına göre hazırlanan kolonlarda saha koşulları simüle edilmiş, ortaya çıkan sızıntı suyunun fiziksel ve kimyasal analizleri yapılarak sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre 20 Haftalık test süresinde asit oluşumu gözlemlenmemiş, metal salınımları ise düşük oranda karakterize edilmiştir. Örnekleme yapılan bölgenin jeolojisinde bulunan kil yapılarının sızıntı oranında etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kömür madeni sahası, asit madeni drenajı, kinetik test, cevher, atık, maden atığı

Characterization of Acid Mine Drainage in Tailings and Ore Stock Areas of Coal Mine Areas: Kinetic Test Moisture Cell Method

Öz

In addition to evaluating the economic inputs of mining, it is important to examine the symptoms and concerns of the results of these activities. Appropriate legal regulations in the operation of mining facilities are implemented in an integrated manner with mining activities and growth effects in order to prevent negative growth effects on future generations. The most important environmental problems specific to mining are the inability to adequately examine the characterization of wastes and the failure to accurately determine whether these wastes can be obtained over the years. Especially during the opening, operation and separation of coal mines, which are rich in sulfur minerals, the reactions of these minerals are exposed to temperature interruptions and the formation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) poses a danger to natural life. In order to estimate the AMD formation potential of ore and waste, static and kinetic tests are applied to determine the mineralogical and chemical composition of the field. Among these tests, the most appropriate test in terms of representing natural conditions is the kinetic test method. Within the scope of the study, field conditions were simulated in columns prepared according to ASTM D5744-18 standard, physical and chemical analyzes of the resulting leachate were performed and the results were evaluated. According to the data obtained, no acid formation was observed during the 20-week test period, and metal emissions were characterized at a low rate. It has been determined that the clay structures in the geology of the sampled area are effective on the leakage rate.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coal mine site, acid mine drainage, kinetic test, ore, pasha, mine waste

Kaynakça

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