Smart City Transformations Shaped by New Generation Technologies: Vienna, Graz, Helsinki and Singapore

Öz

Today's cities face multidimensional challenges such as climate change, rapid population growth and resource management. This study seeks to answer the question “How do smart city strategies shaped by new generation technologies transform sustainable, livable and participatory urban life?”. The cities of Singapore, Helsinki, Vienna and Graz, which are prominent in national vision documents, ranked high in international rankings and stand out with their diversity in technology applications, were selected for the study. In each city, five groups of innovative practices, namely information and communication technologies (ICT), digital twins, blockchain, artificial intelligence and metaverse, were examined through qualitative comparative analysis and systematic literature review methods. The analysis is based on four axes: “energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, mobility and social inclusion”, and the findings obtained in line with these axes show that smart city transformations depend not only on technological innovations but also on holistic planning, transparent governance and multi-actor participation mechanisms. Based on a comparative analysis of smart city practices, the study offers concrete policy recommendations for integrating technology-driven visions with social sustainability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• smart city
• Vienna
• Aspern Seestadt and Graz

Yeni Nesil Teknolojilerle Şekillenen Akıllı Şehir Dönüşümleri: Viyana, Graz, Helsinki ve Singapur Örnekleri

Öz

Günümüz kentleri, iklim değişikliği, hızlı nüfus artışı ve kaynak yönetimi gibi çok boyutlu zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır. Bu çalışmada, “Yeni nesil teknolojilerle şekillenen akıllı şehir stratejileri, sürdürülebilir, yaşanabilir ve katılımcı kentsel yaşamı nasıl dönüştürmektedir?” sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Araştırmada, ulusal vizyon belgelerinde öne çıkan, uluslararası sıralamalarda üst sıralarda yer alan ve teknoloji uygulamalarındaki çeşitliliğiyle dikkat çeken Singapur, Helsinki, Viyana ve Graz şehirleri seçilmiştir. Her bir şehirde; bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri (BİT), dijital ikizler, blokzincir, yapay zekâ ve metaverse olmak üzere beş yenilikçi uygulama grubu, nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz ve sistematik literatür taraması yöntemleriyle incelenmiştir. İncelemede “enerji verimliliği, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, hareketlilik ve toplumsal katılım” olmak üzere dört eksen esas alınmış, bu eksenler doğrultusunda elde edilen bulgular akıllı şehir dönüşümlerinin yalnızca teknolojik yeniliklere değil; bütüncül planlama, şeffaf yönetişim ve çok aktörlü katılım mekanizmalarına da bağlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışma, akıllı şehir uygulamalarının karşılaştırmalı analizinden hareketle, teknoloji odaklı vizyonların sosyal sürdürülebilirlikle bütünleştirilmesine yönelik somut politika önerileri sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• akıllı şehir
• Viyana
• Aspern Seestadt ve Graz

Kaynakça

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