The Meaning, Scope and Theoretical Background of Architectural Anthropology as an Interdisciplinary Approach

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 03 Sayı: 01, 19 - 27, 30.12.2021

Hasan Basri Kartal Mehmet Emin Şalgamcıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.5505/sjcrp.2021.08208

Öz

As an interdisciplinary approach, architectural anthropology emerged after post-colonial studies to deal with the relationship of cultural forms with ethnicity. Anthropological approaches have been blended with architectural methods and perspectives, and the main discussion has been the impact of ethnic origin and culture on architectural formation. However, it is not clear where the boundaries of architectural anthropology begin or end. This study demonstrates that architectural anthropology organizes the field of knowledge by using the approaches and methods of anthropology and architecture together. The primary method of the paper is based on qualitative research and theoretical reading. The paper was written to fill the gap in literature, including 'architectural anthropology' centred theoretical approaches written in Turkish.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Architectural Space, Anthropology, Architectural Anthropology, Human, Space, Culture

Disiplinler Arası bir Yaklaşım Olarak Mimari Antropolojinin Anlamı, Kapsamı ve Kuramsal Arka Planı

Öz

Mimari antropoloji, disiplinler arası bir yaklaşım olarak, kültürel formların etnik kökenle ilişkisini ele alabilmek adına post-kolonyal çalışmalar sonrası ortaya çıkmıştır. Antropolojik yaklaşımlar mimari yöntem ve yaklaşımlar ile harmanlanmış, temel tartışma etnik kökenin ve kültürün mimari biçimleniş üzerindeki etkisi olmuştur. Fakat, mimari antropolojinin sınırlarının nerede başlayıp bittiği konusu bir netlik kazanamamıştır. Bu çalışma, mimari antropolojinin bilgi alanını, antropolojinin ve mimarinin yaklaşımlarını ve yöntemlerini birlikte kullanarak düzenlediğini göstermektedir. Makalenin temel metodu, niteliksel bir araştırma ve teorik okuma üstünde şekillenmektedir. Makale, Türkçe dilinde yazılmış 'mimari antropoloji' merkezli teorik yaklaşımları içeren literatür eksikliğini doldurmak amacıyla yazılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mimari Mekân, Antropoloji, Mimari Antropoloji, İnsan, Mekân, Kültür

Kaynakça

• Altman, I. 1990. Environment and behavior studies: Emergence of intellectual traditions. New York: Plenum Press.
• Altman, I. ve S. M. Low. 1992. Place attachment. New York: Plenum Press.
• Amerlinck, M.-J. 2001. Architectural anthropology. Westport: Bergin & Garvey.
• Asquith, L. ve M. Vellinga. 2006. Vernacular architecture in the 21st century: Theory, education and practice. New York: Taylor & Francis.
• Bates, D. G. 2009. 21. yüzyılda kültürel antropoloji: Insanın doğadaki yeri. Çev. Suavi Aydın. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Berry, J. W. 1992 (2013). Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Boas, F. 1911 (2015). The mind of primitive man. London: Forgotten Books.
• Bourdier, J.-P. ve N. AlSayyad. 1989. Dwellings, settlements and tradition: Cross-cultural perspectives. Lanham: University Press of America.
• Brunskill, R. W. 1971. Illustrated handbook of vernacular architecture. London: Faber and Faber.
• Buchli, V. 2013. An anthropology of architecture. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
• Cassirer, E. 2005. Kültür Bilimlerinin Mantığı Üzerine. Çev. Milay Köktürk. Ankara: Hece Yayınları.
• Crouch, D. P. ve J. G. Johnson. 2001. Traditions in architecture: Africa, America, Asia, and Oceania. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
• Çınar, A. 2011. Antropolojiye Giriş. Bursa: Emin Yayınları.
• Denyer, S. 1978. African traditional architecture: An historical and geographical perspective. Heineman, London.
• Dripps, R. D. 1997. The first house: Myth, paradigm, and the task of architecture. Cambridge: MIT Press.
• Egenter, N. 1992. The present relevance of the primitive in architecture. Lausanne: Structura Mundi.
• Eriksen, T. H. ve F. S. Nielsen. 2013. A history of anthropology. London: Pluto Press.
• Freund, J. 1991. Beşeri bilim teorileri. Çev. Bahaeddin Yediyıldız. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
• Guidoni, E. 1975 (1987). Primitive architecture. Çev. Robert Erich Wolf. New York: Rizzoli.
• Güvenç, B. 1972. İnsan ve Kültür: Antropolojiye Giriş. Ankara: Türk Sosyal Bilimler Derneği.
• Hall, E. T. 1966 (1990). The hidden dimension. New York: Anchor Books.
• Haviland, W. A. 1974. Anthropology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
• Jarzombek, M. 2013. Architecture of first societies: A global perspective. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Kottak, C. P. 2001. Antropoloji: İnsan Çeşitliliğine Bir Bakış. Hazırlayan: Sibel Özbudun. Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi.
• Low, S. M. 2017. Spatializing culture: The ethnography of space and place. New York: Routledge.
• May, J. 2010a. Buildings without architects: A global guide to everyday architecture. New York: Ivy Press.
• May, J. 2010b. Handmade houses & other buildings: The world of vernacular architecture. London: Thames & Hudson.
• Mazumdar. S. 1995. "Even the Moon Has a Dark Side: A Critical Look at Vernacular Architecture." In 83rd ACSA Annual meeting of history and theory criticism, 128-134. lrvine: University of California.
• Melhuish, C. 1996. Architecture & Anthropology. London: Acad. Ed.
• Norberg-Schulz, C. 1971. Existence, space and architecture. London: Studio Vista.
• Oliver, P. 1987 (1990). Dwellings: The house across the world. Austin: University of Texas Press.
• Oliver, P., der. 1971 (1978). Shelter in Africa. London: Barrie & Jenkins.
• Oliver, P., der. 1997. Encyclopedia of vernacular architecture of the world:1,2,3. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
• Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. 1922 (2013). The Andaman Islanders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Rapoport, A. 1969. House form and culture. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
• Rickman, H. P. 1992. Anlama ve İnsan Bilimleri. Çev. Mehmet Dağ. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.
• Rudofsky, B. 1964. Architecture without architects: A short introduction to non- pedigreed architecture. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday & Co., Inc.
• Rykwert, J. 1972 (1997). On Adam's house in paradise: The idea of the primitive hut in architectural history. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
• Sabater Pi, J. 1985. Etología de la vivienda humana: De los nidos de gorilas y chimpancés a la vivienda humana. Barcelona: Labor.
• Schoenauer, N. 1981. 6000 years of housing: 3. New York: Garland.
• Tezcan, M. 1997. Kültürel Antropoloji. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları.
• Vellinga, M., P. Oliver, ve A. Bridge. 2007. Atlas of vernacular architecture of the world. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
• Wohlwill, J. F. 1972. Behavioural response and adaptation to environmental stimulation. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University, College of Human Development, Division of Man-Environment Relations.
• Wohlwill, J. F. 1973. The Study of Behavioral Development. New York: Academic Press.
• Wohlwill, J. F. 1974. "Human adaptation to levels of environmental stimulation." Human Ecology 2: 127-147.