Sedimantasyon, Dünya üzerindeki su kaynaklarının güvenliğini tehlikeye sokan ve süreklilik arz eden bir olgudur. Sedimantasyonla mücadele, hem su kaynaklarının ve su üzerindeki yapıların hem de akarsu havzasındaki ekolojik dengenin korunması açısından çok büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada sedimantasyonla mücadele dört ana başlığa ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Bu başlıklardan üç tanesi baraj rezervuarı ve bulunduğu havzada alınabilecek önlemlere odaklanırken diğer başlık ise havzanın sediment potansiyeline uygun baraj rezervuarının adaptasyon stratejilerine odaklanmaktadır. Başlıklar altında değinilecek mücadele yöntemleri kapsamlı bir şekilde irdelenmiş ve diğer yöntemlerle kıyaslama yapılmak suretiyle stratejiler arası farklar ortaya konmuştur. Sedimentasyonla mücadele yöntemlerine Dünya üzerinden örnekler de sunulmuştur. Bu çalışma ile bir akarsu havzasının, çevresel şartlarına bağlı olarak uygun sediment mücadele yöntemlerinin tekil ya da kombine şekilde kullanılarak su yapılarının aktif işletme ömrünün uzatılması adına yardımcı rehber niteliği taşıması hedeflenmektedir.
Auel, C., Berchtold, T., & Boes, R. (2010). Sediment management in the Solis reservoir using a bypass tunnel. In Proceedings of the 8th ICOLD European Club Symposium, 22–23 September 2010, Innsbruck, Austria (pp. 438–443). Retrieved from https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/27077
Bogaard, T., & Greco, R. (2018). Invited perspectives: Hydrological perspectives on precipitation intensity-duration thresholds for landslide initiation: Proposing hydro-meteorological thresholds. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18, 31–39.environment, Science, 314, 1442–1445, doi:10.1126/science.1132027.
Chiun-Chau, S., Chun-Shen, C., & Chun-Hung, C. (2019). Analysis of turbidity currents movement in Tzengwen Reservoir (Taiwan). In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Sediment Bypass Tunnels, Taipei, Taiwan, 9–12 April 2019. Taipei, Taiwan: National Taiwan University.
Hu, C., Wu, D., Jayakumar, R., & Ajisawa, S. (2004). Warping Dams Construction and its Effects on Environment, Economy, and Society in Loess Plateau Region of China. Beijing, China: International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation.
J.G. Arnold, R. Srinivasan, R.S. Muttiah, J.R. Williams, Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment. Part I: Model development. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 34 (1) (1998)73–89.doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05961.x
Jayadi, R.; Istiarto; Pradipta, A.G. Impact of sedimentation counter measure on the performance of flood control: A case study ofWonogiri reservoir. Appl. Mech. Mater. 2018, 881, 78–85.
Karaş, E. (2005). Küçükelmali ve Güvenç Havzalarının Su ve Sediment Verimlerine Göre Sürdürülebilir Yönetimi. Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
Kantoush, S.A.; Sumi, T. The aging of Japan’s dams: Innovative technologies for improving dams water and sediment management. In River Sedimentation, Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on River Sedimentation, ISRS 2016, Stuttgart, Germany, 19–22 September 2016; CRC Press: Boa Raton, FL, USA, 2017; pp. 1030–1037, ISBN 978-1-317-22531-7.
Kokpinar, M. A., Kumcu, S. Y., AltanSakarya, A. B., Gogus, M., 2010. Reservoir Sedimentation in the Demirkopru Dam, Turkey, Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, River Flow 2010, Braunschweig, 2, 1125-1130.
Latifoğlu, L. (2003), Barajlarda ölü hacim hesabı ve Yamula Barajı örneği, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri.
Mekonnen, M., Keesstra, S.D., Stroosnijder, L., Baartman, J.E.M., & Maroulis, J. (2015). Soil Conservation Through Sediment Trapping: A Review. Land Degradation & Development, 26, 544–556.
Minear, J.T., & Kondolf, G.M. (2009). Estimating reservoir sedimentation rates at large spatial and temporal scales: A case study of California: Technical note. Water Resources Research, 45.
Morris, G.L. (2010). Offstream Reservoirs for Sustainable Water Supply in Puerto Rico. In Proceedings of the American Water Resources Association: 2010 AWRA Summer Specialty Conference, 30 August–1 September 2010, San Juan, PR, USA.
Morris, G.L., & Fan, J. (1998). Reservoir sedimentation handbook. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Book, Co
Morris, G.L. (2020). Classification of Management Alternatives to Combat Reservoir Sedimentation. GLM Engineering PSC, San Juan, PR 00907, USA. Email: gmorris@glmengineers.com. Received: 9 January 2020; Accepted: 13 March 2020; Published: 19 March 2020.
Onda, C.; Sumi, T.; Asahi, T. Planning and analysis of sedimentation countermeasures in hydropower dams considering properties of reservoir sedimentation. J. Disaster Res. 2018, 13, 702–708.
Pimentel, D., Harvey, C., Resosudarmo, P., Sinclair, K., Kurz, D., McNair, M., Crist, S., Shpritz, L., Fitton, L., Sa
ouri, R., (1995). Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits. Science, 267, 1117–1123.
Reed, O. Swiss methods of avoiding silt deposits in reservoirs. Eng. News Rec. 1931, 8, 289–290.
Renwick, W.H., Smith, S.V., Bartley, J.D., & Buddemeier, R.W. (2005). The role of impoundments in the sediment budget of the conterminous United States. Geomorphology, 71, 99–111.
Shrestha, H.S. (2012). Sedimentation and Sediment Handling in Himalayan Reservoirs. Trondheim, Norway: Norwegian University of Science & Technology.
Soler-López, L.R. (2001). Sedimentation Survey of Lago Caonillas, Puerto Rico, February 2000. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3368. San Juan, PR, USA.
Sumi, T.; Yoshimura, T.; Asazaki, K.; Sato, T. Retrofitting and Change in Operations of Cascade Dams to Facilitate Sediment Sluicing in the Mimikawa River Basin; ICOLD Congress: Stavanger, Norway, June 2015; Volume Q99-R45, pp. 597–611; International Congress on Large Dams: Paris, France, 2015.
Syvitski, J.P.M., Vörösmarty, C.J., Kettner, A.J., & Green, P. (2005). Impact of humans on the flux of terrestrial sediment to the global coastal ocean. Science, 308, 376–380. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Ülke, A. (2010). Ege Bölgesi doğal akarsularında kati madde taşınımı için ampirik, regresyon ve yapay zeka yöntemlerinin uygulanması [Doktora tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, Hidrolik-Hidroloji ve Su Kaynakları Anabilim Dalı].
Wisser, D., Frolking, S., Hagen, S., & Bierkens, M.F.P. (2013). Beyond peak reservoir storage? A global estimate of declining water storage capacity in large reservoirs. Water Resources Research, 49, 5732–5739.
Goswami, B. N., V. Venugopal, D. Sengupta, M. S. Madhusoodan, and P. K. Xavier (2006), Increasing trends of extreme rain events over India in a warming environment, Science, 314, 1442–1445, doi:10.1126/science.1132027.
Sedimentation is an ongoing phenomenon that endangers the security of water resources on Earth. Combating sedimentation is of great importance in terms of protecting both water resources and structures on water, as well as the ecological balance in the river basin. In this study, combating sedimentation was examined under four main headings. Three of these titles focus on the dam reservoir and the measures that can be taken in the basin in which it is located, while the other title focuses on the adaptation strategies of the dam reservoir suitable for the sediment potential of the basin. The struggle methods to be mentioned under the headings have been examined comprehensively and the differences between the strategies have been revealed by comparing them with other methods. Examples from around the world of methods to combat sedimentation are also presented. This study aims to serve as a helpful guide to extend the active operational life of water structures by using appropriate sediment control methods individually or in combination, depending on the environmental conditions of a river basin.
Auel, C., Berchtold, T., & Boes, R. (2010). Sediment management in the Solis reservoir using a bypass tunnel. In Proceedings of the 8th ICOLD European Club Symposium, 22–23 September 2010, Innsbruck, Austria (pp. 438–443). Retrieved from https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/27077
Bogaard, T., & Greco, R. (2018). Invited perspectives: Hydrological perspectives on precipitation intensity-duration thresholds for landslide initiation: Proposing hydro-meteorological thresholds. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18, 31–39.environment, Science, 314, 1442–1445, doi:10.1126/science.1132027.
Chiun-Chau, S., Chun-Shen, C., & Chun-Hung, C. (2019). Analysis of turbidity currents movement in Tzengwen Reservoir (Taiwan). In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Sediment Bypass Tunnels, Taipei, Taiwan, 9–12 April 2019. Taipei, Taiwan: National Taiwan University.
Hu, C., Wu, D., Jayakumar, R., & Ajisawa, S. (2004). Warping Dams Construction and its Effects on Environment, Economy, and Society in Loess Plateau Region of China. Beijing, China: International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation.
J.G. Arnold, R. Srinivasan, R.S. Muttiah, J.R. Williams, Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment. Part I: Model development. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 34 (1) (1998)73–89.doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05961.x
Jayadi, R.; Istiarto; Pradipta, A.G. Impact of sedimentation counter measure on the performance of flood control: A case study ofWonogiri reservoir. Appl. Mech. Mater. 2018, 881, 78–85.
Karaş, E. (2005). Küçükelmali ve Güvenç Havzalarının Su ve Sediment Verimlerine Göre Sürdürülebilir Yönetimi. Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
Kantoush, S.A.; Sumi, T. The aging of Japan’s dams: Innovative technologies for improving dams water and sediment management. In River Sedimentation, Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on River Sedimentation, ISRS 2016, Stuttgart, Germany, 19–22 September 2016; CRC Press: Boa Raton, FL, USA, 2017; pp. 1030–1037, ISBN 978-1-317-22531-7.
Kokpinar, M. A., Kumcu, S. Y., AltanSakarya, A. B., Gogus, M., 2010. Reservoir Sedimentation in the Demirkopru Dam, Turkey, Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, River Flow 2010, Braunschweig, 2, 1125-1130.
Latifoğlu, L. (2003), Barajlarda ölü hacim hesabı ve Yamula Barajı örneği, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri.
Mekonnen, M., Keesstra, S.D., Stroosnijder, L., Baartman, J.E.M., & Maroulis, J. (2015). Soil Conservation Through Sediment Trapping: A Review. Land Degradation & Development, 26, 544–556.
Minear, J.T., & Kondolf, G.M. (2009). Estimating reservoir sedimentation rates at large spatial and temporal scales: A case study of California: Technical note. Water Resources Research, 45.
Morris, G.L. (2010). Offstream Reservoirs for Sustainable Water Supply in Puerto Rico. In Proceedings of the American Water Resources Association: 2010 AWRA Summer Specialty Conference, 30 August–1 September 2010, San Juan, PR, USA.
Morris, G.L., & Fan, J. (1998). Reservoir sedimentation handbook. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Book, Co
Morris, G.L. (2020). Classification of Management Alternatives to Combat Reservoir Sedimentation. GLM Engineering PSC, San Juan, PR 00907, USA. Email: gmorris@glmengineers.com. Received: 9 January 2020; Accepted: 13 March 2020; Published: 19 March 2020.
Onda, C.; Sumi, T.; Asahi, T. Planning and analysis of sedimentation countermeasures in hydropower dams considering properties of reservoir sedimentation. J. Disaster Res. 2018, 13, 702–708.
Pimentel, D., Harvey, C., Resosudarmo, P., Sinclair, K., Kurz, D., McNair, M., Crist, S., Shpritz, L., Fitton, L., Sa
ouri, R., (1995). Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits. Science, 267, 1117–1123.
Reed, O. Swiss methods of avoiding silt deposits in reservoirs. Eng. News Rec. 1931, 8, 289–290.
Renwick, W.H., Smith, S.V., Bartley, J.D., & Buddemeier, R.W. (2005). The role of impoundments in the sediment budget of the conterminous United States. Geomorphology, 71, 99–111.
Shrestha, H.S. (2012). Sedimentation and Sediment Handling in Himalayan Reservoirs. Trondheim, Norway: Norwegian University of Science & Technology.
Soler-López, L.R. (2001). Sedimentation Survey of Lago Caonillas, Puerto Rico, February 2000. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3368. San Juan, PR, USA.
Sumi, T.; Yoshimura, T.; Asazaki, K.; Sato, T. Retrofitting and Change in Operations of Cascade Dams to Facilitate Sediment Sluicing in the Mimikawa River Basin; ICOLD Congress: Stavanger, Norway, June 2015; Volume Q99-R45, pp. 597–611; International Congress on Large Dams: Paris, France, 2015.
Syvitski, J.P.M., Vörösmarty, C.J., Kettner, A.J., & Green, P. (2005). Impact of humans on the flux of terrestrial sediment to the global coastal ocean. Science, 308, 376–380. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Ülke, A. (2010). Ege Bölgesi doğal akarsularında kati madde taşınımı için ampirik, regresyon ve yapay zeka yöntemlerinin uygulanması [Doktora tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, Hidrolik-Hidroloji ve Su Kaynakları Anabilim Dalı].
Wisser, D., Frolking, S., Hagen, S., & Bierkens, M.F.P. (2013). Beyond peak reservoir storage? A global estimate of declining water storage capacity in large reservoirs. Water Resources Research, 49, 5732–5739.
Goswami, B. N., V. Venugopal, D. Sengupta, M. S. Madhusoodan, and P. K. Xavier (2006), Increasing trends of extreme rain events over India in a warming environment, Science, 314, 1442–1445, doi:10.1126/science.1132027.
Ünüştü, A., & Ülke Keskin, A. (2024). Baraj Rezervuarlarında Sedimantasyon İle Mücadele Yöntemleri. Sürdürülebilir Mühendislik Uygulamaları Ve Teknolojik Gelişmeler Dergisi, 7(1), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.51764/smutgd.1486082