Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 96 - 114, 01.01.2019
Öz
The Levellers were a group of people (John Lilburne, Richard Overton, William Walwyn, Thomas Prince) who came together during the English Civil War (1642-1648) to demand constitutional reform. They fought for popular sovereignty, extended suffrage, equality before the law, religious tolerance and so on. They believed all men were born free and equal and possessed natural rights. This paper aims to explore the Levellers’ struggle of constitutional democracy and the rule of law.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Leveller Constitutionalism Constitutional Democracy The Rule of Law
Kaynakça
- Ağaoğulları, M. A., (2013), 17.Yüzyıl İngiliz Devrimleri: Modern Devletin Biçimlenişi, içinde: Siyasi Düşünceler Tarihi, (Ed: M. A. Ağaoğulları), Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 2870, ss. 128-155. Ağaoğulları, M. A., Çulha Zabcı, F. & Ergün, R., (2009), Kral-Devletten Ulus-Devlete, Ankara: İmge Kitabevi. Aktan, C. C., (2017), Özgürlük Felsefesi, Ankara: Orion Kitabevi. Aylmer, G. E., (1975), The Levellers in the English Revolution, London: Thomas and Hudson. Black, J., (2019), Kısa İngiltere Tarihi, (Çev: E. Duru), İstanbul: Say Yayınları. Brailsford, H. N., (1976), The Levellers and The English Revolution, Spokesman, Nottingham: Spokesman Books. Cambridge Dictionaries, (2019), Levellers, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk/ingilizce/leveller. Collins Dictionaries, (2019), Levellers, https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/leveler. Curtis, M. K., (1991), In Pursuit of Liberty: The Levellers and the American Bill of Rights (1991), University of Minnesota Law School, Constitutional Commentary, 737, https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/concomm/737 Davies, S., (2011), Liberteryenizme Tarihi ve Güncel Açıdan Kısa Bir Bakış, (Çev: A. Yayla), Liberal Düşünce, 16 (64): 107-127. Devrimler ve Karşı Devrimler Ansiklopedisi, Cilt: 4 (1975), İstanbul: Gelişim Yayınları. Foxley, R., (2012), The Levellers: John Lilburne, Richard Overton and William Walwyn, içinde: (Ed: L. L. Knoppers), The Oxford Handbook of Literature and the English Revolution, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ss. 272-286. Foxley, R., (2013), The Levellers: Radical Political Thought in the English Revolution, Manchester, Manchester University Press. Foxley, R., (2019), The Levellers and the English Constitution in the English Civil War, http://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/54403. Gregg, P., (1961), Free-Born John: A Biography of John Lilburne, London: G. G. Harrap Co. Hart, D. M., (2018), Tracts on Liberty by the Levellers and their Critics (1638-1660), Cilt: 5, (Ed: D. M. Hart & R. Kenyon), Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, (2014-2018), (1648), https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/2600. Hill, C., (1997), Puritanism and Revolution, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Hill, C., (2005), 1640 İngiliz Devrimi, (Çev: N. Kalaycıoğlu), İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları. Hill, C., (2013), Dünya Altüst Oldu: İngiliz Devrimi'nde Radikal Düşünceler, (Çev: U. Kocabaşoğlu), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. Hill, C., (2015), İngiliz Devrimler Çağı: Demokratik Devrimden Sanayi Devrimi'ne (1530-1780), (Çev: L. Akalın), İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları. Hill, C., (2016), İngiltere'de Devrimler Çağı: 1603-1714, (Çev: U. Kocabaşoğlu), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. Koç, A. K., (2018), Paradigmatik Devrim: İngiliz Şanlı Devrimi, Ankara: Liberte Yayınları. Lamping, C. J., (2019), Levellers, International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/protestant-denominations/levellers. Levy, M. B., (1983), Freedom, Property and the Levellers: The Case of John Lilburne, Western Political Quarterly, 36 (1): 116-133. Lilburne, J. & Marten, H., (1647), Two Letters: The One from Lievtenant Colonell John Lilburne to Colonel Henry Martin, A Member of the House of Commons, with His Answer, London, https://lib.ugent.be/en/catalog/rug01:001554336. Loughlin, M., (2007), The Constitutional Thought of the Levellers, Current Legal Problems, 60 (1): 1-39. McMains, H. F., (2000), The Death of Oliver Cromwell, Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. Moore, R., (2019), The Levellers: A Chronology and Bibliography, https://www.diggers.org/diggers/levellers.htm. Morton, A. L., (ed.), (1975), Freedom in Arms: A Collection of Leveller Writings, New York: International Publishers. Online Library of Liberty, (2016), Overton, An Arrow Against all Tyrants (1646), https://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/overton-an-arrow-against-all-tyrants-1646. Online Library of Liberty, (2019), William Walwyn, https://oll.libertyfund.org/people/william-walwyn. Orr, D. A., (2012), Constitutionalism: Ancient, Modern and Early Modern in the Agreements of the People, içinde: (Ed: P. Baker, E. Vernon), The Agreements of the People, the Levellers and the Constitutional Crisis of the English Revolution, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, ss. 76-96. Overton, R., (1646), An Arrow against All Tyrants and Tyranny, Shot from the Prison of Newgate into the Prerogative Bowels of the Arbitrary House of Lords and All Other Usurpers and Tyrants Whatsoever, https://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/overton-an-arrow-against-all-tyrants-1646. Oxford Dictionaries, (2019), Levellers, https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/leveller. Rees, J., (2016), The Leveller Revolution: Radical Political Organisation in England, 1640-1650, London: Verso Books. Rees, J., (ed), (2017), John Lilburne and the Levellers: Reappraising the Roots of English Radicalism 400 Years On (Routledge Studies in Radical History and Politics), London: Taylor and Francis. Sharp, A. (ed.). (1998), The English Levellers (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Shaw, H., (1968), The Levellers, London: Longmans. The Royal Household, (2019), Charles I (1625-1649), https://www.royal.uk/charles-i. Underdown, D., (1971), Pride's Purge: Politics in the Puritan Revolution, Oxford: Clarendon. Wolfe, D., (ed)., (1944), Leveller Manifestoes of the Puritan Revolution, New York: Thomas Nelson.
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 96 - 114, 01.01.2019
Öz
Tesviyeciler İngiliz İç Savaşı (1642-1648) yıllarında bir grup mutlak monarşi karşıtı aktivistin (John Lilburne, Richard Overton, William Walwyn, Thomas Prince) öncülüğünde ilerleyen ve amacı anayasal demokrasi ve hukuk devletinin tesis edilmesi olan bir siyasi hareketin adıdır. Tesviyeciler, halk egemenliği, genel oy hakkı, kanun önünde eşitlik, dini hoşgörü ve saire amaçlar için mücadele eden bir hareketti. Tesviyeciler insanların doğuştan temel hak ve özgürlüklere sahip olduklarını savunuyorlardı. Bu çalışmanın amacı Tesviyeciler hareketinin anayasal demokrasi ve anayasal hukuk devletine yönelik mücadelesini ele almak ve incelemektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Anayasacılık Anayasal Hukuk Devleti İktidarın Sınırlandırılması Tesviyeciler
Kaynakça
- Ağaoğulları, M. A., (2013), 17.Yüzyıl İngiliz Devrimleri: Modern Devletin Biçimlenişi, içinde: Siyasi Düşünceler Tarihi, (Ed: M. A. Ağaoğulları), Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 2870, ss. 128-155. Ağaoğulları, M. A., Çulha Zabcı, F. & Ergün, R., (2009), Kral-Devletten Ulus-Devlete, Ankara: İmge Kitabevi. Aktan, C. C., (2017), Özgürlük Felsefesi, Ankara: Orion Kitabevi. Aylmer, G. E., (1975), The Levellers in the English Revolution, London: Thomas and Hudson. Black, J., (2019), Kısa İngiltere Tarihi, (Çev: E. Duru), İstanbul: Say Yayınları. Brailsford, H. N., (1976), The Levellers and The English Revolution, Spokesman, Nottingham: Spokesman Books. Cambridge Dictionaries, (2019), Levellers, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk/ingilizce/leveller. Collins Dictionaries, (2019), Levellers, https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/leveler. Curtis, M. K., (1991), In Pursuit of Liberty: The Levellers and the American Bill of Rights (1991), University of Minnesota Law School, Constitutional Commentary, 737, https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/concomm/737 Davies, S., (2011), Liberteryenizme Tarihi ve Güncel Açıdan Kısa Bir Bakış, (Çev: A. Yayla), Liberal Düşünce, 16 (64): 107-127. Devrimler ve Karşı Devrimler Ansiklopedisi, Cilt: 4 (1975), İstanbul: Gelişim Yayınları. Foxley, R., (2012), The Levellers: John Lilburne, Richard Overton and William Walwyn, içinde: (Ed: L. L. Knoppers), The Oxford Handbook of Literature and the English Revolution, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ss. 272-286. Foxley, R., (2013), The Levellers: Radical Political Thought in the English Revolution, Manchester, Manchester University Press. Foxley, R., (2019), The Levellers and the English Constitution in the English Civil War, http://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/54403. Gregg, P., (1961), Free-Born John: A Biography of John Lilburne, London: G. G. Harrap Co. Hart, D. M., (2018), Tracts on Liberty by the Levellers and their Critics (1638-1660), Cilt: 5, (Ed: D. M. Hart & R. Kenyon), Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, (2014-2018), (1648), https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/2600. Hill, C., (1997), Puritanism and Revolution, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Hill, C., (2005), 1640 İngiliz Devrimi, (Çev: N. Kalaycıoğlu), İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları. Hill, C., (2013), Dünya Altüst Oldu: İngiliz Devrimi'nde Radikal Düşünceler, (Çev: U. Kocabaşoğlu), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. Hill, C., (2015), İngiliz Devrimler Çağı: Demokratik Devrimden Sanayi Devrimi'ne (1530-1780), (Çev: L. Akalın), İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları. Hill, C., (2016), İngiltere'de Devrimler Çağı: 1603-1714, (Çev: U. Kocabaşoğlu), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. Koç, A. K., (2018), Paradigmatik Devrim: İngiliz Şanlı Devrimi, Ankara: Liberte Yayınları. Lamping, C. J., (2019), Levellers, International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/protestant-denominations/levellers. Levy, M. B., (1983), Freedom, Property and the Levellers: The Case of John Lilburne, Western Political Quarterly, 36 (1): 116-133. Lilburne, J. & Marten, H., (1647), Two Letters: The One from Lievtenant Colonell John Lilburne to Colonel Henry Martin, A Member of the House of Commons, with His Answer, London, https://lib.ugent.be/en/catalog/rug01:001554336. Loughlin, M., (2007), The Constitutional Thought of the Levellers, Current Legal Problems, 60 (1): 1-39. McMains, H. F., (2000), The Death of Oliver Cromwell, Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. Moore, R., (2019), The Levellers: A Chronology and Bibliography, https://www.diggers.org/diggers/levellers.htm. Morton, A. L., (ed.), (1975), Freedom in Arms: A Collection of Leveller Writings, New York: International Publishers. Online Library of Liberty, (2016), Overton, An Arrow Against all Tyrants (1646), https://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/overton-an-arrow-against-all-tyrants-1646. Online Library of Liberty, (2019), William Walwyn, https://oll.libertyfund.org/people/william-walwyn. Orr, D. A., (2012), Constitutionalism: Ancient, Modern and Early Modern in the Agreements of the People, içinde: (Ed: P. Baker, E. Vernon), The Agreements of the People, the Levellers and the Constitutional Crisis of the English Revolution, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, ss. 76-96. Overton, R., (1646), An Arrow against All Tyrants and Tyranny, Shot from the Prison of Newgate into the Prerogative Bowels of the Arbitrary House of Lords and All Other Usurpers and Tyrants Whatsoever, https://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/overton-an-arrow-against-all-tyrants-1646. Oxford Dictionaries, (2019), Levellers, https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/leveller. Rees, J., (2016), The Leveller Revolution: Radical Political Organisation in England, 1640-1650, London: Verso Books. Rees, J., (ed), (2017), John Lilburne and the Levellers: Reappraising the Roots of English Radicalism 400 Years On (Routledge Studies in Radical History and Politics), London: Taylor and Francis. Sharp, A. (ed.). (1998), The English Levellers (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Shaw, H., (1968), The Levellers, London: Longmans. The Royal Household, (2019), Charles I (1625-1649), https://www.royal.uk/charles-i. Underdown, D., (1971), Pride's Purge: Politics in the Puritan Revolution, Oxford: Clarendon. Wolfe, D., (ed)., (1944), Leveller Manifestoes of the Puritan Revolution, New York: Thomas Nelson.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Ocak 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 |