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SCHUMPETER’İN YARATICI YIKIM TEORİSİ BAĞLAMINDA DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜM VE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 128 - 138, 31.07.2024

Öz

Schumpeter, kapitalizm ve iktisadi dönüşümü kendine özgü bakış açısıyla ele almıştır. Yeni icat ve inovasyonların yarattığı dönüşümün temelinde halihazırda kurulu sistemin yıkılıp yenisinin inşasının gerekliği olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Schumpeter'e göre icatlar ve inovasyonların yarattığı dönüşüm kümeler halinde ortaya çıkmakta, onları takip eden girişimciler ekonomik sistemde kendine yer bulurken, takip edemeyenler ise piyasadan silinmektedirler. Schumpeter'in bu yaklaşımı “yaratıcı yıkım” olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu süreç dönemsel dalgalanmalar oluştursa da, ekonomik gelişmeyi beraberinde getirmektedir. “Bir teknolojinin geliştirilmesi sonucu da piyasa dengesi bozularak yeniden oluşmaktadır.” Özellikle 21.yüzyıldan bu yana toplumların deneyimlemeye başladığı dijital dönüşüm, gerek ekonominin dijitalleşmesi gerekse toplumların bu sisteme uyumlanması, yaratıcı inovasyon ve yeniliklerin bir sonucudur. 4.Sanayi devrimin başlamasına ve sürmesine vesile olan bu dönüşüm, sosyo-ekonomik ve toplumsal anlamda tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alırken toplumların da dijital dönüşüme ayak uydurması yönünde kararlar alınmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, dijital dönüşüm, Schumpeteryan bakış açısı ile ilişkilendirilerek, Avrupa Birliği’nin dijital yeni düzene adaptasyonu ve yaratıcı yıkım teorisine örnek teşkil etme biçimi irdelenecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Acemoglu, Daron.Restrepo, Pascual(Maarch 2019). The Wrong Kind of AI? Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Labor Demand. NBER Working Papers 25682. https://www.nber.org/papers/w25682. (14.07.2024).
  • Acemoğlu, Daron (May 2024). The Simple Macroeconomics of AI. NBER Working Paper 32487. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w32487/w32487.pdf .(15 June 2024).
  • Akçay,D., Efe, E., Eren, Z. (editorler), (2019). Toplum 5.0 ve Dijital Dünyada Toplumsal Dönüşüm ve Eğitim 5.0.Dijital Dönüşüm ve Süreçler. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları. 169-177. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340453684_Toplum_50_ve_Dijital_Dunyada_Toplumsal_Donusum_ve_Egitim_50,(11.03.2024).
  • Arslan Olcay,C.,Genç,Ö.(2021). DOİ: http://dx.doi.org/10.31576/smryj.1041 Smart Journal 2021; 7(49) : 2238-2247. https://smartofjournal.com/files/smartjournal/1673009933_23_49_ID1054_Arslan%20Olcay_2238-2247.pdf.(09.02.2023).
  • Baş Dinar, Gülenay. Schumpeter’in Kapitalizm Analizi Üzerine Yöntemsel Ve Teorik Bir Değerlendirme. 129-147. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1926500. (03.02.2023)
  • Capraro, Valerio.Lentsch Austin.Acemoğlu.Daron.(May 2024). The impact of generative artificial intelligence on socioeconomic inequalities and policy making.PNAS Lexus. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4666103 .(15.07.2024).
  • European Commission. (2018B). “A Modern Budget for a Union that Protects, Empowers and Defends: The Multiannual Financial Framework for 2021-2027.COM/2018/321”. https://eur-lex.europa.eu . (11.10.2020).
  • European Commission. (2021A). The EU’s 2021-2027 Long-Term Budget and NextGenerationEU: Facts and Figures. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d3e77637-a963-11eb-9585-01aa75ed71a1/language-en#. (05.09.2022).
  • European Commission.(2021B) 2030 Digital Compass: the European way for the Digital Decade. https://eufordigital.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2030-Digital-Compass-the-European-way-for-the-Digital-Decade.pdf.(05.09.2022)
  • European Commission. (2023C).AI ACT. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/regulatory-framework-ai.(14.07.2024). European Commission. (2014). Traditional Own Resources, https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget/2014-2020/revenue/own-resources/duties-and-levies_en, (27.02.2024).
  • European Parliament (2020), Lisbon Agenda.https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/empl/dv/lisbonstrategybn_/lisbonstrategybn_en.pdf. (20.01.2024).
  • European Pariament Corrigendum (2024). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2024-0138-FNL-COR01_EN.pdf.(14.07.2024)
  • Ferreira,V.Lisboa, A. (2019). DOİ:10.4028. Innovation and Entrepreneurship: From Schumpeter to Industry 4.0. Applied Mechanics and Materials. ISSN: 1662-7482, Vol. 890, pp 174-180. https://www.scientific.net/AMM.890.174.(12.02.2024).
  • Fikirli, Ö. Çetin, A. (2017). İktisadi Doktrinde Schumpeteryan Yaratıcı Yıkımdan Yaratıcı Birikime, Girişimcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/978034 Gülenay Baş.Dinar. Schumpeter’in kapitalizmi üzerine Yöntemsel bir Değerlendirme.Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Yıl: 2022 Cilt-Sayı: 15(1) ss: 129-148 https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1926500.
  • Briefing note for the meeting of the EMPL Committee 5 October 2009 regarding the exchange of views on the Lisbon Strategy and the EU cooperation in the field of social inclusion.(2009) https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/empl/dv/lisbonstrategybn_/lisbonstrategybn_en.pdf.(03.05.2024).
  • Günar, A (2018). Yaratıcı Yıkım Kriz ve Avrupa Birliği. Hiperyayın. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327751109_Yaratici_Yikim_Kriz_ve_Avrupa_Birligi
  • Günar, A. Doğan, S. (2020). DOI: 10.30784 . Innovation In The European Union Within The Framework Of The Theory Of Creative Destruction: An Overview After The Global Financial Crisis 2008,Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2020, 5(3): 682-705 https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1385458
  • Günay, D. Çalık, A. İnovasyon, İcat, Teknoloji ve Bilim Kavramları Üzerine, Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, Nisan 2019, Cilt 2, Sayı 1, Sayfa: 1-11. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/704562
  • Hall, R.E. & Jones, C.I.(1999). “Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker Than Others?”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1999, pp. 83-116.
  • Hanusch, H. Pyke, A (2005). Principles of Neo-Schumpeterian Economics. Beitrag Nr. 278, September. Institute fur Volkswirtschaftslehre. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/22801/1/278.pdf
  • OECD.AI. Policy Observatory (Live data), https://oecd.ai/en/data?selectedArea=investments-in-ai-and-data&selectedVisualization=vc-investments-in-ai-by-country .(15.07.2024).
  • Masuch, K. & Anderton, R.S.& Benalal, N.(2018). “Structural Policies in the Euro Area”, Occasional Paper Series, No. 210. Tanış, H. (2020). Toplum1.0’dan Toplum 5.0’a. http://www.makinastore.com/-1366-toplum-10-dan-toplum-50-a.html.
  • Selik, Mehmet. (2015). İktisadi Doktrinler Tarihi.Efil Yayınevi.Ankara.
  • Schild, Joachim, How to shift the EU's spending priorities? The multi-annual financial framework 2007–13 in perspective. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229048233_How_to_shift_the_EU's_spending_priorities_The_multi-annual_financial_framework_2007-13_in_perspective. (15.03.2024).
  • Schumpeter, J. (2021), Kapitalizm Sosyalizm ve Demokrasi, Dorlion Yayınevi, Eskişehir.
  • Silva, V., The Schumpeterian Consensus: The New Logic of Global Social Policy to Face Digital Transformation, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-social-policy/article/schumpeterian-consensus-the-new-logic-of-global-social-policy-to-face-digital-transformation/15EA7558AF2A1179CD911EDD488BBEAA. 1-17.(10.03.2024).
  • Smith, A. (Alpagut, Ş-çeviren). (2020). Ulusların Zenginliği (Seçmeler-2. Baskı), Say Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Stiglitz, J. (2020). Rewriting The Rules of the European Economy. Norton and Company. New York.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SCHUMPETER'S THEORY OF CREATIVE DESTRUCTION

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 128 - 138, 31.07.2024

Öz

Schumpeter approached capitalism and economic transformation from a unique perspective. He argued that the fundamental essence of the transformation brought about by new inventions and innovations lies in the necessity of the current system to collapse and give way to a new one. According to Schumpeter, the transformation created by inventions and innovations emerges in clusters, with entrepreneurs following them to find their place in the economic system, while those who fail to keep up are eliminated from the market. This approach of Schumpeter is termed "creative destruction." Although this process creates periodic fluctuations, it also brings about economic development. "The development of a technology also disrupts market equilibrium and leads to its reformation. Especially since the 21st century, the digital transformation experienced by societies, both in terms of the digitization of the economy and the adaptation of societies to this system, is a result of creative innovation and novelty. This transformation, which has led to and continues to lead the Fourth Industrial Revolution, affects the entire world socio-economically and socially, necessitating decisions by societies to adapt to digital transformation. In this study, digitalization proccesses will be examined in relation to the Schumpeterian perspective, and the adaptation of the European Union to the new digital order and its example in the theory of creative destruction will be discussed.

Kaynakça

  • Acemoglu, Daron.Restrepo, Pascual(Maarch 2019). The Wrong Kind of AI? Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Labor Demand. NBER Working Papers 25682. https://www.nber.org/papers/w25682. (14.07.2024).
  • Acemoğlu, Daron (May 2024). The Simple Macroeconomics of AI. NBER Working Paper 32487. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w32487/w32487.pdf .(15 June 2024).
  • Akçay,D., Efe, E., Eren, Z. (editorler), (2019). Toplum 5.0 ve Dijital Dünyada Toplumsal Dönüşüm ve Eğitim 5.0.Dijital Dönüşüm ve Süreçler. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları. 169-177. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340453684_Toplum_50_ve_Dijital_Dunyada_Toplumsal_Donusum_ve_Egitim_50,(11.03.2024).
  • Arslan Olcay,C.,Genç,Ö.(2021). DOİ: http://dx.doi.org/10.31576/smryj.1041 Smart Journal 2021; 7(49) : 2238-2247. https://smartofjournal.com/files/smartjournal/1673009933_23_49_ID1054_Arslan%20Olcay_2238-2247.pdf.(09.02.2023).
  • Baş Dinar, Gülenay. Schumpeter’in Kapitalizm Analizi Üzerine Yöntemsel Ve Teorik Bir Değerlendirme. 129-147. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1926500. (03.02.2023)
  • Capraro, Valerio.Lentsch Austin.Acemoğlu.Daron.(May 2024). The impact of generative artificial intelligence on socioeconomic inequalities and policy making.PNAS Lexus. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4666103 .(15.07.2024).
  • European Commission. (2018B). “A Modern Budget for a Union that Protects, Empowers and Defends: The Multiannual Financial Framework for 2021-2027.COM/2018/321”. https://eur-lex.europa.eu . (11.10.2020).
  • European Commission. (2021A). The EU’s 2021-2027 Long-Term Budget and NextGenerationEU: Facts and Figures. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d3e77637-a963-11eb-9585-01aa75ed71a1/language-en#. (05.09.2022).
  • European Commission.(2021B) 2030 Digital Compass: the European way for the Digital Decade. https://eufordigital.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2030-Digital-Compass-the-European-way-for-the-Digital-Decade.pdf.(05.09.2022)
  • European Commission. (2023C).AI ACT. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/regulatory-framework-ai.(14.07.2024). European Commission. (2014). Traditional Own Resources, https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget/2014-2020/revenue/own-resources/duties-and-levies_en, (27.02.2024).
  • European Parliament (2020), Lisbon Agenda.https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/empl/dv/lisbonstrategybn_/lisbonstrategybn_en.pdf. (20.01.2024).
  • European Pariament Corrigendum (2024). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2024-0138-FNL-COR01_EN.pdf.(14.07.2024)
  • Ferreira,V.Lisboa, A. (2019). DOİ:10.4028. Innovation and Entrepreneurship: From Schumpeter to Industry 4.0. Applied Mechanics and Materials. ISSN: 1662-7482, Vol. 890, pp 174-180. https://www.scientific.net/AMM.890.174.(12.02.2024).
  • Fikirli, Ö. Çetin, A. (2017). İktisadi Doktrinde Schumpeteryan Yaratıcı Yıkımdan Yaratıcı Birikime, Girişimcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/978034 Gülenay Baş.Dinar. Schumpeter’in kapitalizmi üzerine Yöntemsel bir Değerlendirme.Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Yıl: 2022 Cilt-Sayı: 15(1) ss: 129-148 https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1926500.
  • Briefing note for the meeting of the EMPL Committee 5 October 2009 regarding the exchange of views on the Lisbon Strategy and the EU cooperation in the field of social inclusion.(2009) https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/empl/dv/lisbonstrategybn_/lisbonstrategybn_en.pdf.(03.05.2024).
  • Günar, A (2018). Yaratıcı Yıkım Kriz ve Avrupa Birliği. Hiperyayın. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327751109_Yaratici_Yikim_Kriz_ve_Avrupa_Birligi
  • Günar, A. Doğan, S. (2020). DOI: 10.30784 . Innovation In The European Union Within The Framework Of The Theory Of Creative Destruction: An Overview After The Global Financial Crisis 2008,Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2020, 5(3): 682-705 https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1385458
  • Günay, D. Çalık, A. İnovasyon, İcat, Teknoloji ve Bilim Kavramları Üzerine, Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, Nisan 2019, Cilt 2, Sayı 1, Sayfa: 1-11. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/704562
  • Hall, R.E. & Jones, C.I.(1999). “Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker Than Others?”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1999, pp. 83-116.
  • Hanusch, H. Pyke, A (2005). Principles of Neo-Schumpeterian Economics. Beitrag Nr. 278, September. Institute fur Volkswirtschaftslehre. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/22801/1/278.pdf
  • OECD.AI. Policy Observatory (Live data), https://oecd.ai/en/data?selectedArea=investments-in-ai-and-data&selectedVisualization=vc-investments-in-ai-by-country .(15.07.2024).
  • Masuch, K. & Anderton, R.S.& Benalal, N.(2018). “Structural Policies in the Euro Area”, Occasional Paper Series, No. 210. Tanış, H. (2020). Toplum1.0’dan Toplum 5.0’a. http://www.makinastore.com/-1366-toplum-10-dan-toplum-50-a.html.
  • Selik, Mehmet. (2015). İktisadi Doktrinler Tarihi.Efil Yayınevi.Ankara.
  • Schild, Joachim, How to shift the EU's spending priorities? The multi-annual financial framework 2007–13 in perspective. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229048233_How_to_shift_the_EU's_spending_priorities_The_multi-annual_financial_framework_2007-13_in_perspective. (15.03.2024).
  • Schumpeter, J. (2021), Kapitalizm Sosyalizm ve Demokrasi, Dorlion Yayınevi, Eskişehir.
  • Silva, V., The Schumpeterian Consensus: The New Logic of Global Social Policy to Face Digital Transformation, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-social-policy/article/schumpeterian-consensus-the-new-logic-of-global-social-policy-to-face-digital-transformation/15EA7558AF2A1179CD911EDD488BBEAA. 1-17.(10.03.2024).
  • Smith, A. (Alpagut, Ş-çeviren). (2020). Ulusların Zenginliği (Seçmeler-2. Baskı), Say Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Stiglitz, J. (2020). Rewriting The Rules of the European Economy. Norton and Company. New York.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kurumsal İktisat, Avrupa Birliği Ekonomisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ceran Olcay 0000-0002-2114-4076

Özlem Genç 0000-0001-6253-1120

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Olcay, C., & Genç, Ö. (2024). SCHUMPETER’İN YARATICI YIKIM TEORİSİ BAĞLAMINDA DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜM VE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 128-138.