SCHUMPETER’İN YARATICI YIKIM TEORİSİ BAĞLAMINDA DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜM VE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 128 - 138, 31.07.2024

Ceran Olcay , Özlem Genç

Öz

Schumpeter, kapitalizm ve iktisadi dönüşümü kendine özgü bakış açısıyla ele almıştır. Yeni icat ve inovasyonların yarattığı dönüşümün temelinde halihazırda kurulu sistemin yıkılıp yenisinin inşasının gerekliği olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Schumpeter'e göre icatlar ve inovasyonların yarattığı dönüşüm kümeler halinde ortaya çıkmakta, onları takip eden girişimciler ekonomik sistemde kendine yer bulurken, takip edemeyenler ise piyasadan silinmektedirler. Schumpeter'in bu yaklaşımı “yaratıcı yıkım” olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu süreç dönemsel dalgalanmalar oluştursa da, ekonomik gelişmeyi beraberinde getirmektedir. “Bir teknolojinin geliştirilmesi sonucu da piyasa dengesi bozularak yeniden oluşmaktadır.” Özellikle 21.yüzyıldan bu yana toplumların deneyimlemeye başladığı dijital dönüşüm, gerek ekonominin dijitalleşmesi gerekse toplumların bu sisteme uyumlanması, yaratıcı inovasyon ve yeniliklerin bir sonucudur. 4.Sanayi devrimin başlamasına ve sürmesine vesile olan bu dönüşüm, sosyo-ekonomik ve toplumsal anlamda tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alırken toplumların da dijital dönüşüme ayak uydurması yönünde kararlar alınmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, dijital dönüşüm, Schumpeteryan bakış açısı ile ilişkilendirilerek, Avrupa Birliği’nin dijital yeni düzene adaptasyonu ve yaratıcı yıkım teorisine örnek teşkil etme biçimi irdelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Schumpeter, Dijital Dönüşüm, Avrupa Birliği, Kurumsal İktisat

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SCHUMPETER'S THEORY OF CREATIVE DESTRUCTION

Öz

Schumpeter approached capitalism and economic transformation from a unique perspective. He argued that the fundamental essence of the transformation brought about by new inventions and innovations lies in the necessity of the current system to collapse and give way to a new one. According to Schumpeter, the transformation created by inventions and innovations emerges in clusters, with entrepreneurs following them to find their place in the economic system, while those who fail to keep up are eliminated from the market. This approach of Schumpeter is termed "creative destruction." Although this process creates periodic fluctuations, it also brings about economic development. "The development of a technology also disrupts market equilibrium and leads to its reformation. Especially since the 21st century, the digital transformation experienced by societies, both in terms of the digitization of the economy and the adaptation of societies to this system, is a result of creative innovation and novelty. This transformation, which has led to and continues to lead the Fourth Industrial Revolution, affects the entire world socio-economically and socially, necessitating decisions by societies to adapt to digital transformation. In this study, digitalization proccesses will be examined in relation to the Schumpeterian perspective, and the adaptation of the European Union to the new digital order and its example in the theory of creative destruction will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Joseph Schumpeter, Digital Transformation, European union, Institutional Economics

Kaynakça

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