Analysis of Sustainable Tourism Performances of Eastern Black Sea Region Provinces
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 141 - 155, 25.04.2020
İsmail Çalık
,
Orhan Batman
Öz
The research aims to determine the sustainable tourism indicators specific to the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey and to make inferences about the tourism performance of the region under the light of pre-determined indicators. To fulfill this purpose, qualitative and quantitative methods were employed together in the research. The secondary data used in the research were obtained from the time series published by the relevant public institutions between 2008/2012. As for the qualitative research, the data were collected by using a semi-structured interview technique. As a result of the research, it may be commented that the sustainable tourism performances of the provinces in the region remained at low levels according to the total values of the sustainable performance index and alleged that meaningful problem fields that may constrain sustainable tourism development in the region exist.
Kaynakça
- Aspinall, A. J. (2006). Communities in change: social sustainability and tourism development. Unpublished Master Thesis. University of Waterloo Applied Environmental Studies: Ontario.
- Bahar, O. and Kozak, M. (2010). Tourism economics. Ankara: Detay Publishing.
- Bakırcı, M. (2012). Impact of tourism on diversifying economical activities in rural settlements: case of Yaylalar Village (Yusufeli / Artvin). East Geography Journal, 57, p: 71-85.
- Bal, H. (1995). Tourism impact on family relationships in rural society. İstanbul: Doğa-İnsan Publishing.
- Bekdemir, Ü. and Özdemir, Ü. (2002). An Example to Developing Centers of Plateau Tourism in Black Sea Region: Bektas Plateau. East Geography Journal, (7) (30), p: 9-35.
- United States World Tourism Organizations (2015). UNWTO tourism highlights 2015 edition, http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416899 (12.10.2018)
- Ceron, J.P. and Dubois, G. (2003). Tourism and sustainable development indicators: the gap between theoretical demands and practical achievements. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(1), p: 54-75.
- Choi, C.H. and Sirakaya, E. (2006). Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism. Tourism Managament, 2, p: 1274-1289.
- Demirel, Ö. and Ejder, N. (1995). Çamlıhemşin tablelands and nature tourism activities. Ekoloji Journal. 17, p: 4-8.
- Doğanay, S. (2011). A geographıcal approach to the tourısm potentıal of Cami Boğazı Hıgh Plateau and Çakırgöl in vıew of protectıon-usage balance. East Geography Journal, 14 (22), p: 165-186.
- Farsari, Y. and Prastacos, P. (2001). Sustainable tourism indicators: pilot estimation for the municipality of Hersonissos, Crete. Athens: Regional Analysis Division, Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for the Research and the Technology Hellas.
- Goodwin, H. (1998). Sustainable tourism and poverty elimination, DFID/DETR Workshop on Sustainable Tourism and Poverty. 13 October 1998. Faversham.
- Hunter, C. and Shaw, J. (2007). The ecological footprint as a key indicator of sustainable tourism. Tourism Managament, 28, p:.46-57.
- Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable tourism development: A critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), p: 459-475.
- Miller, G. (2001). The development of indicators for sustainable tourism: results of a delphi survey of tourism researchers. Tourism Management, 22, p: 351-362.
- Murphy, P.E. and Price, G.G. (2005). Tourism and Sustainable Development. W. F. Theobald (Ed) Global Tourism, Burlington: Elsevies-Heinemann Pulishing.
- Reilly, J. M. (2008). Building future tourism environments: towards more eco-efficient destination transportation systems. Unpublished Master Thesis. Thompson Rivers University, School of Resource and Environmental Management of Resource Management: Wellington.
- Schianetz K. and Kavanagh L. (2008). Sustainability indicators for tourism destinations: a complex adaptive systems approach using systemic indicator systems. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 16(6), p: 601-628.
- Sharpley, R. (2006), Travel and tourism, California: Sage Publications.
- Speier, J. V. (2005). Sustainable development and tourism, Unpublished Doctorate Thesis. University of Southern California, Faculty of the School of Policy, Planning and Development: California.
- Tanquay, G., Therrien, M.C. and Rajaonson J. (2011). Sustainable tourism indicators: selection criteria for policy implementation and scientific recognition. Montreal: CIRANO Scientific Series, 2011 s-60.
- Tokmak, C. (2009). Carrying capacity for sustainable tourism: Topkapi Palace example, Unpublished Doctorate Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Educational Sciences: Ankara.
- Tosun, C. (2002). Host perceptıons of impacts a comparative tourism study. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), p: 231–253.
United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) (2004). Indicators of sustainable development for tourism destinations: a guide book. Madrid: UNWTO Publishing.
- Ürker, O. and Çobanoğlu, N. (2012). Evaluation of hydroelectric power plants in Turkey in the context of environmental policies, Journal of Ankara University Social Sciences Institute, 3 (2), p: 66-88.
Analysis of Sustainable Tourism Performances of Eastern Black Sea Region Provinces
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 141 - 155, 25.04.2020
İsmail Çalık
,
Orhan Batman
Öz
Bu araştırmada, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi'ne özgü sürdürülebilir turizm göstergelerinin belirlenmesi ve belirlenen göstergeler ışığında bölgenin turizm performansı hakkında çıkarımlar yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel ve nicel yöntemler bir arada kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ikincil veriler, 2008/2012 yılları arasında ilgili kamu kurumları tarafından yayınlanan zaman serilerinden elde edilmiştir. Nitel araştırmada kullanılan veriler ise yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, bölge illerinin sürdürülebilir turizm performanslarının, sürdürülebilir performans endeksi toplam değerleri sonuçlarına gore düşük seviyelerde kaldığı ve bölgede sürdürülebilir turizm gelişimini engelleyecek ciddi sorun alanlarının bulunduğu söylenebilir.
Kaynakça
- Aspinall, A. J. (2006). Communities in change: social sustainability and tourism development. Unpublished Master Thesis. University of Waterloo Applied Environmental Studies: Ontario.
- Bahar, O. and Kozak, M. (2010). Tourism economics. Ankara: Detay Publishing.
- Bakırcı, M. (2012). Impact of tourism on diversifying economical activities in rural settlements: case of Yaylalar Village (Yusufeli / Artvin). East Geography Journal, 57, p: 71-85.
- Bal, H. (1995). Tourism impact on family relationships in rural society. İstanbul: Doğa-İnsan Publishing.
- Bekdemir, Ü. and Özdemir, Ü. (2002). An Example to Developing Centers of Plateau Tourism in Black Sea Region: Bektas Plateau. East Geography Journal, (7) (30), p: 9-35.
- United States World Tourism Organizations (2015). UNWTO tourism highlights 2015 edition, http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416899 (12.10.2018)
- Ceron, J.P. and Dubois, G. (2003). Tourism and sustainable development indicators: the gap between theoretical demands and practical achievements. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(1), p: 54-75.
- Choi, C.H. and Sirakaya, E. (2006). Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism. Tourism Managament, 2, p: 1274-1289.
- Demirel, Ö. and Ejder, N. (1995). Çamlıhemşin tablelands and nature tourism activities. Ekoloji Journal. 17, p: 4-8.
- Doğanay, S. (2011). A geographıcal approach to the tourısm potentıal of Cami Boğazı Hıgh Plateau and Çakırgöl in vıew of protectıon-usage balance. East Geography Journal, 14 (22), p: 165-186.
- Farsari, Y. and Prastacos, P. (2001). Sustainable tourism indicators: pilot estimation for the municipality of Hersonissos, Crete. Athens: Regional Analysis Division, Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for the Research and the Technology Hellas.
- Goodwin, H. (1998). Sustainable tourism and poverty elimination, DFID/DETR Workshop on Sustainable Tourism and Poverty. 13 October 1998. Faversham.
- Hunter, C. and Shaw, J. (2007). The ecological footprint as a key indicator of sustainable tourism. Tourism Managament, 28, p:.46-57.
- Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable tourism development: A critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), p: 459-475.
- Miller, G. (2001). The development of indicators for sustainable tourism: results of a delphi survey of tourism researchers. Tourism Management, 22, p: 351-362.
- Murphy, P.E. and Price, G.G. (2005). Tourism and Sustainable Development. W. F. Theobald (Ed) Global Tourism, Burlington: Elsevies-Heinemann Pulishing.
- Reilly, J. M. (2008). Building future tourism environments: towards more eco-efficient destination transportation systems. Unpublished Master Thesis. Thompson Rivers University, School of Resource and Environmental Management of Resource Management: Wellington.
- Schianetz K. and Kavanagh L. (2008). Sustainability indicators for tourism destinations: a complex adaptive systems approach using systemic indicator systems. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 16(6), p: 601-628.
- Sharpley, R. (2006), Travel and tourism, California: Sage Publications.
- Speier, J. V. (2005). Sustainable development and tourism, Unpublished Doctorate Thesis. University of Southern California, Faculty of the School of Policy, Planning and Development: California.
- Tanquay, G., Therrien, M.C. and Rajaonson J. (2011). Sustainable tourism indicators: selection criteria for policy implementation and scientific recognition. Montreal: CIRANO Scientific Series, 2011 s-60.
- Tokmak, C. (2009). Carrying capacity for sustainable tourism: Topkapi Palace example, Unpublished Doctorate Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Educational Sciences: Ankara.
- Tosun, C. (2002). Host perceptıons of impacts a comparative tourism study. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), p: 231–253.
United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) (2004). Indicators of sustainable development for tourism destinations: a guide book. Madrid: UNWTO Publishing.
- Ürker, O. and Çobanoğlu, N. (2012). Evaluation of hydroelectric power plants in Turkey in the context of environmental policies, Journal of Ankara University Social Sciences Institute, 3 (2), p: 66-88.