GEÇ ERGENLİKTE SALDIRGANLIĞIN YORDAYICILARI: CİNSİYET BAĞLAMINDA AKADEMİK BAŞARI, GELENEKSEL VE EŞİTLİKÇİ TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET ALGISI İLE İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Cinsiyet rolleri kişilerin kendilik algılarını ve nasıl davranacaklarını belirlerken, cinsiyetçi veya eşitlikçi tutumlara sahip bireylerin bu tutumlarına paralel yüksek ya da düşük benlik imajı geliştirerek saldırganlık gibi olumsuz davranışlara yönelme olasılığının olduğu belirtilmektedir. Çalışmada geç ergenlik döneminde üniversite öğrencilerinin akademik başarı boyutunda kendilik algıları ile geleneksel ve eşitlikçi boyutta toplumsal cinsiyet algılarının duygusal, bilişsel ve araçsal boyutta saldırganlık eğilimlerine etkisi araştırılmaktadır. Evreni Türkiye’de devlet üniversitelerinde öğrenim gören 805 (234 Kadın ve 635 erkek) öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin elde edilmesinde anket formu, akademik başarı algısı, eşitlikçi ve geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet algısı ölçekleri ile öfke, düşmanlık, sözlü saldırganlık ve fiziksel saldırganlık ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler; akademik başarı algılarının kadın ve erkek öğrencilerde orta düzeyde ve eşit; toplumsal cinsiyet algılarının geleneksel boyutta ortalamanın altında zayıf, fakat eşitlikçi düzeyde her iki cinsiyet için yüksek ve güçlü; geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet ve akademik başarı algılarının saldırganlığın dört boyutu ile ters yönlü bir ilişki içinde olduğu, fakat eşitlikçi toplumsal cinsiyet algısı ile saldırganlığın hiçbir boyutu arasında bir ilişki kurulamadığını göstermektedir. Cinsiyetlere göre değerlendirildiğinde, cinsiyetçi tutumlara ve düşük akademik başarı algısına sahip kadınların daha çok öfke ve düşmanca eğilimlere, erkeklerin ise yine düşmanca ve sözlü saldırgan eğilimlere sahip oldukları, kadınların saldırganlık eğilimlerini daha çok duygusal ve bilişsel boyutta yaşarken, erkeklerin saldırganlık eğilimlerini bilişsel ve araçsal boyutta yaşadıkları gözlendi. Cinsiyet farkı gözetmeksizin, geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet algısının zayıf olması, güçlü olmasına göre saldırgan eğilimlerin azalması yönünde etki yaparken, erkek olmanın özellikle fiziksel saldırgan eğilimler üzerinde pozitif yönde ve doğrudan bir etkiye sahip olduğu gözlenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Geç ergenlik
• akademik başarı algısı
• geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet algısı
• eşitlikçi toplumsal cinsiyet algısı
• saldırganlık.

Predictions of Aggression in Late Adolescence: Its Relationship with Academic Success and Traditional and Egalitarian Gender Perception in Sex Context: The Case of Turkey

Öz

While gender roles determine people's self-perceptions and how they will behave, it is stated that individuals with sexist or egalitarian attitudes are likely to develop high or low self-images in parallel with these attitudes and tend to negative behaviors such as aggression. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effects of university students' perceptions of academic achievement and traditional and egalitarian gender perceptions on aggressive tendencies in emotional, cognitive and instrumental dimensions. The population of the research consists of 805 (234 female and 635 male) students studying at state universities in 5 regions of Turkey. A questionnaire form, self-perception, gender-perception and aggression scales were used to obtain the data. The data obtained from the research shows that the perceptions of academic achievement are moderate and equal in male and female students; gender perceptions are weak below average in the traditional dimension, but high and strong for both genders at the egalitarian level; shows that traditional perceptions of gender and academic achievement are inversely related to the four dimensions of aggression, but no relationship can be established between the perception of egalitarian gender and any dimension of aggression. When evaluated according to genders, it has been determined that women with sexist attitudes and low academic achievement perception have more anger and hostile tendencies, while men with sexist attitudes and low academic achievement perception have hostile and verbally aggressive tendencies. It was determined that while women experienced their aggression tendencies more in emotional and cognitive dimensions, men experienced their aggression tendencies in cognitive and instrumental dimensions. Regardless of gender, the traditional gender perception of being weak has a decreasing effect on aggressive tendencies, as opposed to a strong perception of traditional gender which has an increasing effect on such tendencies, being a male has a direct positive effect on physically aggressive tendencies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Late adolescence
• Academic achievement perception
• Traditional gender perception
• Egalitarian gender perception
• Aggression

Kaynakça

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