Sosyal Tabakalaşma ve Hareketlilik Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinden Elde Edilen Bulgular

Öz

Sosyal hareketlilik, özellikle eğitimin bireylerin sosyal konum ve statülerini şekillendirmedeki rolü bakımından sosyolojik araştırmaların merkezi bir konusu olmaya devam etmektedir. Modernleşme kuramı, eğitim kurumlarının eşit fırsatlar sağlayarak dikey sosyal hareketliliği mümkün kıldığını öne sürmektedir. Buna karşın, çatışmacı yaklaşımlar bu varsayımı reddederek, eğitim sistemlerinin mevcut eşitsizlikleri yeniden ürettiğini ve hiyerarşik bir tabakalaşma düzenini pekiştirdiğini savunmaktadır. Bu karşıt kuramsal iddiaların sınanabilmesi, özellikle sosyal hareketlilik ve eğitim fırsatları üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda, ampirik araştırmaları zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören öğrenciler üzerine kuşaklararası sosyal hareketliliği hem nicel hem de nitel araştırma yöntemleriyle incelemektedir. Üç kuşak boyunca — büyük ebeveynler, ebeveynler ve çocukların eğitim, meslek ve gelir düzeyleri karşılaştırılarak — yapılan ölçümler, modernleşme kuramı ve ona yöneltilen eleştirilerin her ikisinin de ampirik düzeyde belirli ölçüde geçerliliğe sahip olduğunu, ancak ikisinin de eleştirel sorgulamadan muaf olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, eğitim ile sosyal hareketlilik arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi anlamaya katkı sağlamakta ve gerek yapısal kısıtlamaları gerekse sosyal hareketliliğin engel tanımadığı varsayımını merkeze alan belirlenimci yaklaşımları eleştirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eğitim
• Modern toplum
• Tıp
• Hekim
• Sosyal Hareketlilik
• Sosyal Tabakalaşma

EXPLORING SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND MOBILITY: INSIGHTS FROM MEDICAL STUDENTS AT DOKUZ EYLÜL UNIVERSITY

Öz

Social mobility remains a central concern in sociological research, particularly in relation to the role of education in shaping individuals' social positions and status. Modernization theory posits that educational institutions facilitate upward vertical social mobility by providing equal opportunities for advancement. However, critical conflict approaches challenge this assumption, arguing that educational systems perpetuate existing inequalities and contribute to the reproduction of an inegalitarian stratification order. Empirical investigation is essential to assess these competing theoretical claims, particularly in research on social mobility and educational opportunity. This study examines intergenerational social mobility among students at the Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods. By measuring mobility across three generations—comparing the education, occupation, and income of grandparents, parents, and children in terms of education, occupation, and income—our findings reveal that while elements of both modernization theory and its critique hold empirical validity, neither framework remains immune to critical reassessment. This study thus contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between education and social mobility, challenging deterministic accounts of either structural constraint or unrestricted mobility.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Education
• Modern society
• Medicine
• Physician
• Social Mobility
• Social Stratification

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