Araştırma Makalesi
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ÇOK BOYUTLU ALGILANAN SOSYAL DESTEK ÖLÇEĞİ: ÖLÇÜM DEĞİŞMEZLİĞİ

Yıl 2024, , 274 - 288, 29.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1464331

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin ölçüm değişmezliğini cinsiyet grupları üzerinden araştırmaktır. Araştırma grubu, toplam 275 lisans öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS ve AMOS paket programlarından yararlanılmıştır. Ölçüm değişmezliğinin cinsiyet gruplarında incelenmesinde Çoklu Grup Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin kadın ve erkek gruplarında aynı kavramsal yapıyı ölçmesi sonucunda biçimsel değişmezlik sağlanmıştır. Biçimsel değişmezliğin sağlanması ardından metrik, skalar ve hata değişmezlik modelleri kurulmuştur. Kurulan modeller belirli bir kısıtlama ile hiyerarşik bir yapıya sahiptir. Değişmezliğin testinde Δχ^2, ΔCFI ise Δgamma hat ve ΔMc NCI değerleri hesaplanarak verilen kritik değerler üzerinden karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, ölçeğin metrik değişmezliği sağlayarak zayıf ölçüm değişmezliğine sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ölçek sadece zayıf ölçüm değişmezliğine sahip olduğu için gizli ortalama fark analizi ise gerçekleştirilememiştir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, araştırma ve yayın etik kurallarına dikkat edilerek hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmanın etik kurula uygun olduğu Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulunun 26 Mart 2024 tarihli oturumunda alınan 01/36 sayılı kararı ile belgelenmiştir. Görüşme formları uygulanırken katılımcı gönüllülüğü esas alınmış ve katılımcıların kişisel bilgileri gizli tutulmuştur. Bunların yanı sıra alıntılar bilimsel kurallara uygun olarak yapılmıştır.

Teşekkür

Sayın Editör, şimdiden desteklerinizden dolayı teşekkür eder çalışmalarınızda kolaylıklar dilerim.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, N., Little, T. D., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory. Development of self-determination through the life-course (pp. 47–54). Springer.
  • Adie, J. W., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2008). Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: A test of basic needs theory. Motivation and emotion, 32, 189-199.
  • Aksüllü, N., & S. Doğan (2004). Huzurevinde ve evde yaşayan yaşlılarda algılanan sosyal destek etkenleri ile depresyon arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, (5), 76-85.
  • Alpar, R. (2013). Çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler (6. baskı). Detay.
  • Bayram, N. (2018). Ölçme değişmezliği ve çoklu grup analizleri, İŞGÜÇ. The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 20(1), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.4026/isguc.422377
  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS. Routledge.
  • Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural equation modeling, 9(2), 233-255.
  • Chou, F. H., Chen C. H., Kuo, S. H., & Tzeng, Y. L. (2006) Experience of taiwanese women living with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 51 (5), 370-375.
  • Cohen, S., Gottlieb, B. H., & Underwood, L. G. (2000) Social relationships and health. In S. Cohen, L. Underwood & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 3-25). Oxford University.
  • Cohen, S., & Wills, T.A. (1985) Stress, Social Support, and the Buffering Hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
  • Craig-Bray, L., Adams, G. R., & Dobson, W. R. (1988). Identity formation and social relations during late adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 17(2), 173-187.
  • Çakır, Y., & Palabıyıkoğlu, R. (1997). Gençlerde sosyal destek-çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması, Kriz Dergisi, 5(1), 15-24.
  • Danielsen, A. G., Samdal, O., Hetland, J., & Wold, B. (2009). School-related social support and students' perceived life satisfaction. The Journal of educational research, 102(4), 303-320.
  • Davis, M. H., Morris, M. M., & Kraus, L. A. (1998). Relationship-specific and global perceptions of social support: associations with well-being and attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(2), 468- 481.
  • DeHaan, C. R., Hirai, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Nussbaum’s capabilities and selfdetermination theory’s basic psychological needs: Relating some fundamentals of human wellness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(5), 2037–2049.
  • Di Domenico, S. I., & Fournier, M. A. (2014). Socioeconomic status, income inequality, and health complaints: A basic psychological needs perspective. Social Indicators Research, 119(3), 1679–1697
  • Eker, D., Arkar, H., & Yaldız, H. (2001). Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 12(1) 17-25.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2012). A model for subjective well-being in adolescence: Need satisfaction and reasons for living. Social Indicators Research, 107, 561-574.
  • Esmek M. (2006). Psikiyatri servisinde yatan şizofren hastaların sosyal destek ve stresle baş etme düzeylerinin belirlenmesi (Tez No. 224895) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Finch, J. F., Okun, M. A., Pool, G. J., & Ruehlman, L. S. (1999). A comparison of the influence of conflictual and supportive social interactions on psychological distress. Journal of personality, 67(4), 581-621.
  • Gallagher, E.N., & Vella-Brodrick, D.A. (2008). Öznel iyi oluşun yordayıcıları olarak sosyal destek ve duygusal zekâ, kişilik ve bireysel farklılıklar, (44), 1551-1561.
  • Gonz´alez, M. G., Swanson, D. P., Lynch, M., & Williams, G. C. (2016). Testing satisfaction of basic psychological needs as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and physical and mental health. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(6), 972–982.
  • Hadden, B. W., Rodriguez, L. M., Knee, C. R., & Porter, B. (2015). Relationship autonomy and support provision in romantic relationships. Motivation and Emotion, 39(3), 359–373.
  • Haranin, E. C., Huebner, E. S., & Suldo, S. M. (2007). Predictive and incremental validity of global and domain-based adolescent life satisfaction reports. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 25(2), 127–138. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0734282906295620
  • Iasiello, M., Muir-Cochrane, E., van Agteren, J., & Fassnacht, D. B. (2022). The effect of psychological distress on measurement invariance in measures of mental wellbeing. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 19(16), 10072.
  • Ievers-Landis, C. E., Burant, C. J., & Hazen, R. (2011). The concept of bootstrapping of structural equation models with smaller samples: An illustration using mealtime rituals in diabetes management. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 32(8), 619-626.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS 23 ve AMOS 23 uygulamalı istatistiksel analizler. Nobel Akademik
  • Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Akademik
  • Leathers SJ, Kelley MA, Richman JA., & ark. (1997) Postpartum depressive symptomatology in new mothers and fathers: Parenting, work and support. J Nerv Ment Dis, 185, 129-139.
  • Long, R. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2014). Differential validity of global and domain-based measures of life satisfaction in the context of schooling. Child Indicators Research, 7(3), 671–694. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s12187-013-9231-5
  • Lynch, M. F., La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). On being yourself in different cultures: Ideal and actual self-concept, autonomy support, and well-being in China, Russia, and the United States. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(4), 290–304.
  • Malecki, C. K., & Demaray, M. K. (2003). What type of support do they need? Investigating student adjustment as related to emotional, informational, appraisal, and instrumental support. School psychology quarterly, 18(3), 231.
  • Mark, B. A., & Wan, T.T.H (2005). Testing measurement equivalence in a patient satisfaction instrument. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 27 (6), 772-787.
  • Martela, F., & Sheldon, K. M. (2019). Clarifying the concept of well-being: Psychological need satisfaction as the common core connecting eudaimonic and subjective wellbeing. Review of General Psychology, 23(4), 458–474.
  • Milfont, T. L., & Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups: Applications in cross-cultural research. International Journal of psychological research, 3(1), 111-130.
  • Milyavskaya, M., & Koestner, R. (2011). Psychological needs, motivation, and well-being: A test of self-determination theory across multiple domains. Personality and individual differences, 50(3), 387-391.
  • Milyavskaya, M., Gingras, I., Mageau, G. A., Koestner, R., Gagnon, H., Fang, J., & Boiché, J. (2009). Balance across contexts: Importance of balanced need satisfaction across various life domains. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(8), 1031-1045.
  • Netemeyer, RG., Bearden, W.O., & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling procedures: issues and applications. Sage.
  • Oktan, V. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinde problemli internet kullanimi, yalnizlik ve algilanan sosyal destek. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 23(1), 281-292.
  • Orhunbilge, N. (2010). Çok değişkenli istatistik yöntemler. İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Özbay, Y., Terzi, Ş., Erkan, S., & Çankaya, Z. C. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin profesyonel yardım arama tutumları, cinsiyet rolleri ve kendini saklama düzeyleri. Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi, 1(4), 59-71.
  • Özdamar, K. (2013). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi. Nisa Kitabevi.
  • Procidano, M., & Heler, K. (1983). Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: Tree validation studies. American Journal of Commumty Psychology, 11(l), 1-24.
  • Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental Review, (41), 71-90.
  • Reeve, J., Ryan, R., Deci, E. L., & Jang, H. (2008). Understanding and promoting autonomous self-regulation: A self-determination theory perspective Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 223–244). Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S.L., Roscoe J., & Ryan, R.M., (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 419–435.
  • Rueger, S. Y., Malecki, C. K., & Demaray, M. K. (2010). Relationship between multiple sources of perceived social support and psychological and academic adjustment in early adolescence: Comparisons across gender. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(1), 47–61. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9368-6
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1), 68.
  • Schermelleh E. K., Moosbrugger H., & Müller H. (2003). Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23-74.
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  • Tian, L., Tian, Q., & Huebner, E. S. (2016). School-related social support and adolescents’ school-related subjective well-being: The mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction at school. Social Indicators Research, (128), 105-129.
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Yıl 2024, , 274 - 288, 29.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1464331

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adams, N., Little, T. D., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory. Development of self-determination through the life-course (pp. 47–54). Springer.
  • Adie, J. W., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2008). Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: A test of basic needs theory. Motivation and emotion, 32, 189-199.
  • Aksüllü, N., & S. Doğan (2004). Huzurevinde ve evde yaşayan yaşlılarda algılanan sosyal destek etkenleri ile depresyon arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, (5), 76-85.
  • Alpar, R. (2013). Çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler (6. baskı). Detay.
  • Bayram, N. (2018). Ölçme değişmezliği ve çoklu grup analizleri, İŞGÜÇ. The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 20(1), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.4026/isguc.422377
  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS. Routledge.
  • Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural equation modeling, 9(2), 233-255.
  • Chou, F. H., Chen C. H., Kuo, S. H., & Tzeng, Y. L. (2006) Experience of taiwanese women living with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 51 (5), 370-375.
  • Cohen, S., Gottlieb, B. H., & Underwood, L. G. (2000) Social relationships and health. In S. Cohen, L. Underwood & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 3-25). Oxford University.
  • Cohen, S., & Wills, T.A. (1985) Stress, Social Support, and the Buffering Hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
  • Craig-Bray, L., Adams, G. R., & Dobson, W. R. (1988). Identity formation and social relations during late adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 17(2), 173-187.
  • Çakır, Y., & Palabıyıkoğlu, R. (1997). Gençlerde sosyal destek-çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması, Kriz Dergisi, 5(1), 15-24.
  • Danielsen, A. G., Samdal, O., Hetland, J., & Wold, B. (2009). School-related social support and students' perceived life satisfaction. The Journal of educational research, 102(4), 303-320.
  • Davis, M. H., Morris, M. M., & Kraus, L. A. (1998). Relationship-specific and global perceptions of social support: associations with well-being and attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(2), 468- 481.
  • DeHaan, C. R., Hirai, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Nussbaum’s capabilities and selfdetermination theory’s basic psychological needs: Relating some fundamentals of human wellness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(5), 2037–2049.
  • Di Domenico, S. I., & Fournier, M. A. (2014). Socioeconomic status, income inequality, and health complaints: A basic psychological needs perspective. Social Indicators Research, 119(3), 1679–1697
  • Eker, D., Arkar, H., & Yaldız, H. (2001). Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 12(1) 17-25.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2012). A model for subjective well-being in adolescence: Need satisfaction and reasons for living. Social Indicators Research, 107, 561-574.
  • Esmek M. (2006). Psikiyatri servisinde yatan şizofren hastaların sosyal destek ve stresle baş etme düzeylerinin belirlenmesi (Tez No. 224895) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Finch, J. F., Okun, M. A., Pool, G. J., & Ruehlman, L. S. (1999). A comparison of the influence of conflictual and supportive social interactions on psychological distress. Journal of personality, 67(4), 581-621.
  • Gallagher, E.N., & Vella-Brodrick, D.A. (2008). Öznel iyi oluşun yordayıcıları olarak sosyal destek ve duygusal zekâ, kişilik ve bireysel farklılıklar, (44), 1551-1561.
  • Gonz´alez, M. G., Swanson, D. P., Lynch, M., & Williams, G. C. (2016). Testing satisfaction of basic psychological needs as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and physical and mental health. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(6), 972–982.
  • Hadden, B. W., Rodriguez, L. M., Knee, C. R., & Porter, B. (2015). Relationship autonomy and support provision in romantic relationships. Motivation and Emotion, 39(3), 359–373.
  • Haranin, E. C., Huebner, E. S., & Suldo, S. M. (2007). Predictive and incremental validity of global and domain-based adolescent life satisfaction reports. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 25(2), 127–138. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0734282906295620
  • Iasiello, M., Muir-Cochrane, E., van Agteren, J., & Fassnacht, D. B. (2022). The effect of psychological distress on measurement invariance in measures of mental wellbeing. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 19(16), 10072.
  • Ievers-Landis, C. E., Burant, C. J., & Hazen, R. (2011). The concept of bootstrapping of structural equation models with smaller samples: An illustration using mealtime rituals in diabetes management. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 32(8), 619-626.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS 23 ve AMOS 23 uygulamalı istatistiksel analizler. Nobel Akademik
  • Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Akademik
  • Leathers SJ, Kelley MA, Richman JA., & ark. (1997) Postpartum depressive symptomatology in new mothers and fathers: Parenting, work and support. J Nerv Ment Dis, 185, 129-139.
  • Long, R. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2014). Differential validity of global and domain-based measures of life satisfaction in the context of schooling. Child Indicators Research, 7(3), 671–694. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s12187-013-9231-5
  • Lynch, M. F., La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). On being yourself in different cultures: Ideal and actual self-concept, autonomy support, and well-being in China, Russia, and the United States. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(4), 290–304.
  • Malecki, C. K., & Demaray, M. K. (2003). What type of support do they need? Investigating student adjustment as related to emotional, informational, appraisal, and instrumental support. School psychology quarterly, 18(3), 231.
  • Mark, B. A., & Wan, T.T.H (2005). Testing measurement equivalence in a patient satisfaction instrument. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 27 (6), 772-787.
  • Martela, F., & Sheldon, K. M. (2019). Clarifying the concept of well-being: Psychological need satisfaction as the common core connecting eudaimonic and subjective wellbeing. Review of General Psychology, 23(4), 458–474.
  • Milfont, T. L., & Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups: Applications in cross-cultural research. International Journal of psychological research, 3(1), 111-130.
  • Milyavskaya, M., & Koestner, R. (2011). Psychological needs, motivation, and well-being: A test of self-determination theory across multiple domains. Personality and individual differences, 50(3), 387-391.
  • Milyavskaya, M., Gingras, I., Mageau, G. A., Koestner, R., Gagnon, H., Fang, J., & Boiché, J. (2009). Balance across contexts: Importance of balanced need satisfaction across various life domains. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(8), 1031-1045.
  • Netemeyer, RG., Bearden, W.O., & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling procedures: issues and applications. Sage.
  • Oktan, V. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinde problemli internet kullanimi, yalnizlik ve algilanan sosyal destek. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 23(1), 281-292.
  • Orhunbilge, N. (2010). Çok değişkenli istatistik yöntemler. İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Özbay, Y., Terzi, Ş., Erkan, S., & Çankaya, Z. C. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin profesyonel yardım arama tutumları, cinsiyet rolleri ve kendini saklama düzeyleri. Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi, 1(4), 59-71.
  • Özdamar, K. (2013). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi. Nisa Kitabevi.
  • Procidano, M., & Heler, K. (1983). Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: Tree validation studies. American Journal of Commumty Psychology, 11(l), 1-24.
  • Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental Review, (41), 71-90.
  • Reeve, J., Ryan, R., Deci, E. L., & Jang, H. (2008). Understanding and promoting autonomous self-regulation: A self-determination theory perspective Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 223–244). Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S.L., Roscoe J., & Ryan, R.M., (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 419–435.
  • Rueger, S. Y., Malecki, C. K., & Demaray, M. K. (2010). Relationship between multiple sources of perceived social support and psychological and academic adjustment in early adolescence: Comparisons across gender. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(1), 47–61. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9368-6
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1), 68.
  • Schermelleh E. K., Moosbrugger H., & Müller H. (2003). Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schumacker E. R., & Lomax G. R. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Routledge.
  • Sharma, S. (1996). Applied Multivariate Techniques. John Wiley and Sons.
  • Sheldon, K. M., Ryan R.M., & Reis, H.T., (1996). What makes for a good day? competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, (22), 1270–1279.
  • Sorias O. (1988a). Sosyal destekler ve ruh sağlığı. Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 359-363.
  • Sorias O. (1988b). Sosyal destek kavramı. Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fak Dergisi, 27(1), 353-357.
  • Suldo, S. M., Bateman, L., & Gelly, C. D. (2014). Understanding and promoting school satisfaction in adolescence. In M. J. Furlong, R. Gilman, E. S., & Huebner (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology in schools (2nd ed., pp. 365–380). Routledge.
  • Suldo, S. M., Friedrich, A. A., White, T., Farmer, J., Minch, D., & Michalowski, J. (2009). Teacher support and adolescents’ subjective well-being: A mixed-methods investigation. School Psychology Review, 38(1), 67–85.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F., & Demir, M. (2013). Parental support for basic psychological needs and happiness: The importance of sense of uniqueness. Social indicators research, 112, 661-678.
  • Tatar, M. (1998). Teachers as significant others: gender differences in secondary school pupils' perceptions. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 68(2), 217-227.
  • Terzi, Ş. (2008). Üniversite ögrencilerinin psikolojik dayanıklılıkları ve algıladıkları sosyal destek arasındaki ilişki. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 3(29), 1-11.
  • Tian, L., Tian, Q., & Huebner, E. S. (2016). School-related social support and adolescents’ school-related subjective well-being: The mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction at school. Social Indicators Research, (128), 105-129.
  • Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R. M., & Soenens, B. (2020). Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions. Motivation and Emotion, 44(1), 1–31.
  • Vieno, A., Santinello, M., Pastore, M., & Perkins, D. D. (2007). Social support, sense of community in school, and self-efficacy as resources during early adolescence: An integrative model. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39(1–2), 177–190. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9095-2
  • Weinstein, N., Hodgins, H. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Autonomy and control in dyads: Effects on interaction quality and joint creative performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(12), 1603–1617.
  • Widaman, K. F., & Reise, S. P. (1997). Exploring the measurement invariance of psychological instruments: Applications in the substance use domain In Bryant KJ, Windle M & West SG (Eds.), The science of prevention: methodological advances from alcohol and substance abuse research (pp. 281–324). American Psychological Association.
  • Yılmaz, E., Yılmaz, E., & Karaca, F. (2008). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal destek ve yalnızlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Journal of General Medicine/Genel Tıp Dergisi, 18(2).
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal Gelişim
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Murat Yıldırım 0000-0002-0204-6446

Ebuzer Arslan 0000-0001-6154-6216

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 7 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, M., & Arslan, E. (2024). ÇOK BOYUTLU ALGILANAN SOSYAL DESTEK ÖLÇEĞİ: ÖLÇÜM DEĞİŞMEZLİĞİ. EKEV Akademi Dergisi(99), 274-288. https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1464331