Araştırma Makalesi
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The Impact of YouTube on Children's Value Orientations: Viewing Duration and Conservatism

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 103, 211 - 230, 10.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1627944

Öz

The interaction of children with social media in an increasingly digitalized world plays a significant role in shaping their value orientations. This study examines the effects of YouTube, the world's most popular video-sharing platform, on children’s universal and cultural value orientations. A relational survey model, a quantitative research method, was employed in the study. The sample consisted of 571 eighth-grade students enrolled in middle schools. Schwartz’s PVQ-RR scale was utilized to measure the value orientations of children, and the data were analyzed using SPSS to investigate the relationship between YouTube viewing durations and value orientations. The findings indicate that as daily YouTube viewing time increases, the orientation towards the higher-order value of conservation decreases. Similarly, orientations towards values such as benevolence, humility, and social recognition also decline with increased viewing time. In contrast, the importance placed on universalism rises as YouTube consumption grows. Continuous exposure to YouTube's algorithm-driven content appears to weaken children’s adherence to conservation values while strengthening their orientation towards universalism. This trend poses a potential long-term risk of undermining cultural and traditional values. The study concludes that YouTube content shapes children’s perceptions of social reality and can conflict with traditional family, religious, and cultural values. The findings suggest that YouTube’s influence on children’s value orientations is subtle but widespread. In particular, the diminishing emphasis on conservation values with increased viewing time highlights the adverse impacts of social media on children. Recommendations include developing critical thinking skills at an early age, monitoring and guiding children’s social media use by parents, promoting media literacy, and advocating for more ethical algorithmic policies.

Kaynakça

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  • Bond, E. (2014). Childhood, mobile technologies and everyday experiences. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bridle, J. (2023). New dark age: Technology and the end of the future. Verso.
  • Britannica. (2022, June 26). The web & communication. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/television-technology (Erişim tarihi: 20 Eylül 2024)
  • Carr, N. (2020). The shallows: What the internet is doing to our brains. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Ceci, L. (2024, May 21). Worldwide advertising revenues of YouTube from 2017 to 2023. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/289658/youtube-global-net-advertising-revenues/ (Erişim tarihi: 4 Eylül 2025)
  • Chaudron, S., Di Gioia, R., & Gemo, M. (2018). Young children (0–8) and digital technology: A qualitative study across Europe. EU Publications Office.
  • Demirutku, K., & Sümer, N. (2010). Temel değerlerin ölçümü: Portre Değerler Anketinin Türkçe uyarlaması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 13(26), 17–25.
  • Dijk, J. van. (2018). Ağ toplumu. Epsilon.
  • Duffy, C., Fung, B., & Sangal, A. (2024, January 31). Mark Zuckerberg apologizes to families over social media harms in contentious Senate hearing. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/tech/live-news/meta-x-discord-tiktok-snap-chiefs-testimony-senate/index.html (Erişim tarihi: 31 Ocak 2024)
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). Sage.
  • Fuchs, C. (2021). Social media: A critical introduction (3rd ed.). Sage.
  • Güney, Z. (2020). Çocukların sosyal medya kullanımı üzerine bir araştırma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 11(1), 188–199.
  • Gerbner, G. (1973). Cultural indicators: The third voice. In G. Gerbner, L. P. Gross, & W. H. Melody (Eds.), Communications technology and social policy (pp. 555–572). Wiley Interscience.
  • Gerbner, G. (1994). Television violence: The power and the peril. In G. Dines & J. M. Humez (Eds.), Gender, race, and class in media (pp. 547–557). Sage.
  • Gerbner, G. (1998). Cultivation analysis: An overview. Mass Communication & Society, 1(3–4), 175–194.
  • Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication, 26(2), 172–199.
  • Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (2002). Growing up with television: Cultivation processes. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 43–67). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Geyser, W. (2023, November 14). How does the YouTube algorithm work: A peek into its changes in 2024. Influencer Marketing Hub. https://influencermarketinghub.com/how-does-the-youtube-algorithm-work/ (Erişim tarihi: 31 Mart 2025)
  • Hale, L., & Guan, S. (2015). Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic literature review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 21, 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007
  • Karagöz, Y. (2017). SPSS ve AMOS uygulamalı nicel-nitel-karma bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2017). How does the time children spend using digital technology impact their mental well-being, social relationships, and physical activity? UNICEF Office of Research–Innocenti.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2007). Family, self, and human development across cultures: Theory and applications (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Karasar, N. (2024). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi: Kavramlar, İlkeler, Teknikler (39. basım). Nobel.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford.
  • Kobak, K. (2020). Dijital dünyada çocukların dijital vatandaşlık yeteneklerinin belirlenmesi. In Y. Adıgüzel & M. Bostancı (Eds.), Dijital iletişimi anlamak – 1 (pp. 93–111). Palet.
  • Lanier, J. (2018). Ten arguments for deleting your social media accounts right now. Henry Holt and Company.
  • Livingstone, S., & Blum-Ross, A. (2020). Parenting for a digital future: How hopes and fears about technology shape children's lives. Oxford University.
  • Livingstone, S., & Das, R. (2013). The end of audiences? Theoretical echoes of reception amidst the uncertainties of use. In J. Hartley, J. Burgess, & A. Bruns (Eds.), A companion to new media dynamics (pp. 104–121). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Lukoff, K., Lyngs, U., Zade, H., Liao, J. V., Choi, J., Fan, K., ... & Hiniker, A. (2021). How the design of YouTube influences user sense of agency. In CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–17). Association for Computing Machinery.
  • Marsh, J. (2021). Digital childhoods: Exploring children's digital literacies. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 21(1), 25–46.
  • Matias, J. N. (2023, May 10). Humans and algorithms work together—so study them together. Nature, 617(7960), 248–251.
  • McLuhan, M., & Powers, R. B. (2001). Global köy. Scala.
  • McQuail, D., & Windahl, S. (2017). İletişim modelleri. İmge Kitabevi.
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  • Napoli, P. M. (2011). Audience evolution: New technologies and the transformation of media audiences. Columbia University.
  • Nikken, P., & Schols, M. (2015). How and why parents guide the media use of young children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3423–3435.
  • Özer, Ö. (2020). Kamular Türkü Söyleyin. Literatürk.
  • Papadamou, K., Papasavva, A., Zannettou, S., Blackburn, J., Kourtellis, N., Leontiadis, I., ... & Sirivianos, M. (2020). Disturbed YouTube for kids: Characterizing and detecting inappropriate videos targeting young children. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 14(1), 522–533.
  • Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. Penguin Books.
  • Postman, N. (1995). Çocukluğun yok oluşu (The disappearance of childhood). İmge Kitabevi.
  • Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2017). A large-scale test of the Goldilocks hypothesis: Quantifying the relations between digital-screen use and the mental well-being of adolescents. Psychological Science, 28(2), 204–215.
  • Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (2022). Personal values across cultures. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 517–546. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-125100
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1–65.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19–45.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1996). Value priorities and behavior: Applying a theory of integrated value systems. In C. Seligman, J. M. Olson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The psychology of values: The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 8, pp. 1–24). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2016). Basic individual values: Sources and consequences. In T. Brosch & D. Sander (Eds.), Handbook of value: Perspectives from economics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology and sociology (pp. 63–84). Oxford University.
  • Schwartz, S. H., & Cieciuch, J. (2021). Measuring the refined theory of individual values in 49 cultural groups: Psychometrics of the revised Portrait Value Questionnaire. Assessment, 28(4), 1175–1191.
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  • Smahel, D., Machackova, H., Mascheroni, G., Dedkova, L., Staksrud, E., Ólafsson, K., ... & Hasebrink, U. (2020, March). EU Kids Online 2020. The London School of Economics and Political Science. https://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/assets/documents/research/eu-kids-online/reports/EU-Kids-Online-2020-March2020.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2024)
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YOUTUBE’UN ÇOCUKLARIN DEĞER YÖNELİMLERİNE ETKİSİ: İZLEME SÜRESİ VE MUHAFAZAKÂRLIK

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 103, 211 - 230, 10.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1627944

Öz

Dijitalleşen dünyada çocukların sosyal medya ile etkileşimi, onların değer yönelimleri üzerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, dünyanın en popüler sosyal medya video platformu YouTube’un, çocukların evrensel ve kültürel değer yönelimleri üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmaktadır. Araştırmada, nicel yöntemler arasında yer alan ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, ortaokullarda eğitim gören 571 sekizinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çocukların değer yönelimlerini ölçmek için Schwartz’ın PVQ-RR ölçeği uygulanmış ve elde edilen veri seti SPSS ile analiz edilerek YouTube izleme süreleri ile değer yönelimleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Bulgular arasında günlük YouTube izleme süresi arttıkça muhafazakârlık üst düzey değerine olan yönelimin azaldığı bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte İyilikseverlik, alçakgönüllülük ve itibar değerlerine olan yönelimler de YouTube izleme süresi arttıkça azalmaktadır. Evrenselcilik değerine verilen önem ise izleme süresi arttıkça artmaktadır. Algoritmanın önerdiği YouTube içeriklerinin sürekli izlenmesi, çocukların değer sistemlerinde muhafazakarlık değerini zayıflatırken, evrenselcilik değerini güçlendirmektedir. Bu durum, uzun vadede kültürel ve geleneksel değerleri zayıflatma riskini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Sonuç olarak YouTube içeriklerinin çocukların sosyal gerçeklik algılarını şekillendirdiği ve geleneksel aile, dini ve kültürel değerlerle çatışabildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma, YouTube içeriklerinin çocukların değer yönelimleri üzerinde hafif ama yaygın etkiler oluşturduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle izleme süresi arttıkça azalmakta olan muhafazakârlık değer yönelimi, sosyal medyanın çocuklar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini göstermektedir. Araştırma sonucunda çocuklar için eleştirel düşünme becerilerinin erken yaşta geliştirilmesi, ailelerin/çocukların sosyal medya kullanımını denetlemesi ve içerik seçiminde rehberlik etmesi, medya okuryazarlığının yaygınlaştırılması ve daha etik algoritma politikalarının benimsenmesi önerilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Allocca, K. (2011). Why videos go viral [TED Talk]. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_allocca_why_videos_go_viral/transcript (Erişim tarihi: 19 Mayıs 2024)
  • Bond, E. (2014). Childhood, mobile technologies and everyday experiences. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bridle, J. (2023). New dark age: Technology and the end of the future. Verso.
  • Britannica. (2022, June 26). The web & communication. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/television-technology (Erişim tarihi: 20 Eylül 2024)
  • Carr, N. (2020). The shallows: What the internet is doing to our brains. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Ceci, L. (2024, May 21). Worldwide advertising revenues of YouTube from 2017 to 2023. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/289658/youtube-global-net-advertising-revenues/ (Erişim tarihi: 4 Eylül 2025)
  • Chaudron, S., Di Gioia, R., & Gemo, M. (2018). Young children (0–8) and digital technology: A qualitative study across Europe. EU Publications Office.
  • Demirutku, K., & Sümer, N. (2010). Temel değerlerin ölçümü: Portre Değerler Anketinin Türkçe uyarlaması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 13(26), 17–25.
  • Dijk, J. van. (2018). Ağ toplumu. Epsilon.
  • Duffy, C., Fung, B., & Sangal, A. (2024, January 31). Mark Zuckerberg apologizes to families over social media harms in contentious Senate hearing. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/tech/live-news/meta-x-discord-tiktok-snap-chiefs-testimony-senate/index.html (Erişim tarihi: 31 Ocak 2024)
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). Sage.
  • Fuchs, C. (2021). Social media: A critical introduction (3rd ed.). Sage.
  • Güney, Z. (2020). Çocukların sosyal medya kullanımı üzerine bir araştırma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 11(1), 188–199.
  • Gerbner, G. (1973). Cultural indicators: The third voice. In G. Gerbner, L. P. Gross, & W. H. Melody (Eds.), Communications technology and social policy (pp. 555–572). Wiley Interscience.
  • Gerbner, G. (1994). Television violence: The power and the peril. In G. Dines & J. M. Humez (Eds.), Gender, race, and class in media (pp. 547–557). Sage.
  • Gerbner, G. (1998). Cultivation analysis: An overview. Mass Communication & Society, 1(3–4), 175–194.
  • Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication, 26(2), 172–199.
  • Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (2002). Growing up with television: Cultivation processes. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 43–67). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Geyser, W. (2023, November 14). How does the YouTube algorithm work: A peek into its changes in 2024. Influencer Marketing Hub. https://influencermarketinghub.com/how-does-the-youtube-algorithm-work/ (Erişim tarihi: 31 Mart 2025)
  • Hale, L., & Guan, S. (2015). Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic literature review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 21, 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007
  • Karagöz, Y. (2017). SPSS ve AMOS uygulamalı nicel-nitel-karma bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2017). How does the time children spend using digital technology impact their mental well-being, social relationships, and physical activity? UNICEF Office of Research–Innocenti.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2007). Family, self, and human development across cultures: Theory and applications (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Karasar, N. (2024). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi: Kavramlar, İlkeler, Teknikler (39. basım). Nobel.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford.
  • Kobak, K. (2020). Dijital dünyada çocukların dijital vatandaşlık yeteneklerinin belirlenmesi. In Y. Adıgüzel & M. Bostancı (Eds.), Dijital iletişimi anlamak – 1 (pp. 93–111). Palet.
  • Lanier, J. (2018). Ten arguments for deleting your social media accounts right now. Henry Holt and Company.
  • Livingstone, S., & Blum-Ross, A. (2020). Parenting for a digital future: How hopes and fears about technology shape children's lives. Oxford University.
  • Livingstone, S., & Das, R. (2013). The end of audiences? Theoretical echoes of reception amidst the uncertainties of use. In J. Hartley, J. Burgess, & A. Bruns (Eds.), A companion to new media dynamics (pp. 104–121). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Lukoff, K., Lyngs, U., Zade, H., Liao, J. V., Choi, J., Fan, K., ... & Hiniker, A. (2021). How the design of YouTube influences user sense of agency. In CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–17). Association for Computing Machinery.
  • Marsh, J. (2021). Digital childhoods: Exploring children's digital literacies. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 21(1), 25–46.
  • Matias, J. N. (2023, May 10). Humans and algorithms work together—so study them together. Nature, 617(7960), 248–251.
  • McLuhan, M., & Powers, R. B. (2001). Global köy. Scala.
  • McQuail, D., & Windahl, S. (2017). İletişim modelleri. İmge Kitabevi.
  • Musk, E. (2024, February 18). Elon Musk: The war on children [Tweet]. X. https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1759049663917838659 (Erişim tarihi: 18 Şubat 2024)
  • Napoli, P. M. (2011). Audience evolution: New technologies and the transformation of media audiences. Columbia University.
  • Nikken, P., & Schols, M. (2015). How and why parents guide the media use of young children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3423–3435.
  • Özer, Ö. (2020). Kamular Türkü Söyleyin. Literatürk.
  • Papadamou, K., Papasavva, A., Zannettou, S., Blackburn, J., Kourtellis, N., Leontiadis, I., ... & Sirivianos, M. (2020). Disturbed YouTube for kids: Characterizing and detecting inappropriate videos targeting young children. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 14(1), 522–533.
  • Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. Penguin Books.
  • Postman, N. (1995). Çocukluğun yok oluşu (The disappearance of childhood). İmge Kitabevi.
  • Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2017). A large-scale test of the Goldilocks hypothesis: Quantifying the relations between digital-screen use and the mental well-being of adolescents. Psychological Science, 28(2), 204–215.
  • Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (2022). Personal values across cultures. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 517–546. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-125100
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1–65.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19–45.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1996). Value priorities and behavior: Applying a theory of integrated value systems. In C. Seligman, J. M. Olson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The psychology of values: The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 8, pp. 1–24). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2016). Basic individual values: Sources and consequences. In T. Brosch & D. Sander (Eds.), Handbook of value: Perspectives from economics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology and sociology (pp. 63–84). Oxford University.
  • Schwartz, S. H., & Cieciuch, J. (2021). Measuring the refined theory of individual values in 49 cultural groups: Psychometrics of the revised Portrait Value Questionnaire. Assessment, 28(4), 1175–1191.
  • Signorielli, N., & Morgan, M. (2009). Cultivation analysis research and practice. In D. W. Stacks & M. B. Salwen (Eds.), An integrated approach to communication theory and research (pp. 106–121). Routledge.
  • Smahel, D., Machackova, H., Mascheroni, G., Dedkova, L., Staksrud, E., Ólafsson, K., ... & Hasebrink, U. (2020, March). EU Kids Online 2020. The London School of Economics and Political Science. https://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/assets/documents/research/eu-kids-online/reports/EU-Kids-Online-2020-March2020.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2024)
  • SosyalAğHaritası. (2022, February). YouTube’u hangi içerikleri takip etmek için kullanıyorsunuz? T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı Sosyal Ağ Haritası. https://sosyalagharitasi.gov.tr/statistic/show/youtubeu-hangi-icerikleri-takip-etmek-icin-kullaniyorsunuz-1744 (Erişim tarihi: 4 Şubat 2022)
  • SosyalAğHaritası. (2023, February). I. Araştırma Dönemi YouTube Kullanım Raporu. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı Sosyal Ağ Haritası. https://sosyalagharitasi.gov.tr/report/download/124 (Erişim tarihi: 2 Ocak 2024)
  • Stjernfelt, F., & Lauritzen, A. (2019). Attention and dopamine hits. In Your post has been removed (pp. 43–58). Springer.
  • Şerif, M. (1985). Sosyal kuralların psikolojisi (The psychology of social norms). Alan.
  • Tarhan, N. (2021). Değerler psikolojisi ve insan. Timaş.
  • Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
  • TÜİK. (2024, April 19). İstatistiklerle çocuk, 2023. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Cocuk-2023-53679 (Erişim tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2024)
  • Tolentino, D. (2024, July 6). YouTube is implementing stricter rules around gun videos. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/youtube-implementing-stricter-rules-gun-videos-rcna155896 (Erişim tarihi: 8 Haziran 2024)
  • Twenge, J. M. (2018). i-Nesli. Kaknüs.
  • Veloso da Silva, O. G., Carvalho Guelpeli, M. V., da Silva Assis, W. L., & Araújo da Costa, V. (2024). YouTube as an educational tool: Insights from a scientific analysis. Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade, 17(2), 1444–1459.
  • We Are Social. (2024, January 5). Digital 2023 global overview report. https://wearesocial.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Digital-2023-Global-Overview-Report.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 6 Ocak 2024)
  • We Are Social. (2024, January 31). Reports – Digital 2024: 5 billion social media users. https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2024/01/digital-2024-5-billion-social-media-users/ (Erişim tarihi: 1 Şubat 2024)
  • White, D. J. (2024). Paying attention to attention: Psychological realism and the attention economy. Synthese, 203(43), 2-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04460-4
  • YouTube. (2023, May 1). YouTubeTV. https://tv.youtube.com/welcome/ (Erişim tarihi: 11 Mart 2024)
  • Ørmen, J., & Gregersen, A. (2022). Towards the engagement economy: Interconnected processes of commodification on YouTube. Media, Culture & Society, 45(2), 225–245.
  • Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. Public Affairs.
  • Živadinović, K. N. (2004). Defining the basic product attributes using the factor analysis. Ekonomski Pregled, 55, 952–966.
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Dilbilim (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seyyid Halid Özgür 0000-0001-7942-2027

Ahmet Eskicumalı 0000-0003-3296-9580

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 5 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 103

Kaynak Göster

APA Özgür, S. H., & Eskicumalı, A. (2025). YOUTUBE’UN ÇOCUKLARIN DEĞER YÖNELİMLERİNE ETKİSİ: İZLEME SÜRESİ VE MUHAFAZAKÂRLIK. EKEV Akademi Dergisi(103), 211-230. https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1627944