The Goddess al-Lāt in Ancient North Arabian Epigraphy: Evidence from Safaitic, Dadanitic, and Hismaic Inscriptions
Öz
The aim of this study is to examine al-Lāt, an important goddess in the ancient Arabian world, based on Safaitic, Dadanitic, and Hismaic inscriptions. Primary sources consist of published inscriptions accessible through the Online Corpus of the Inscriptions of Ancient North Arabia (OCIANA), and are supported by secondary research on al-Lāt and ancient Arabian religion. The study employs a qualitative, corpus-based epigraphic analysis method. The findings indicate that the cult of al-Lāt was not widespread in the Hejaz region, particularly in Mecca and Medina. Indeed, al-Lāt is mentioned only once in Dadanitic inscriptions from the al-Ula region, dating between the sixth and first centuries BC, and its decipherment is disputed. In contrast, al-Lāt is more frequently found in southern Jordan and southern Syria, and is also documented in Iraq and Lebanon. Furthermore, the presence of al-Lāt is observed in Sabaic and Qatabanic inscriptions from the Yemen region. Therefore, in light of the available epigraphic data, it can be assumed that al-Lāt was not among the goddesses widely believed in and worshipped in the Hejaz region (especially Mecca-Medina) in the early periods. Although the goddess is observed in a very wide geographical area, it is difficult to determine where she first appeared. While this goddess is seen especially in northern Hejaz and South Arabia, it is not yet understood when, how, and under what conditions the cult reached the Mecca-Medina region. Considering that al-Lāt is mentioned only once in the Dadanitic inscriptions and taking into account the chronology of the Dadanitic inscriptions, it can be assumed that she may have reached the Mecca-Medina region of Hejaz as a result of Nabataean interaction. However, to better understand al-Lāt and to determine the origin of the al-Lāt cult, more surface surveys and archaeological excavations are needed in the Arabian Peninsula.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
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