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AN INVESTIGATION ON COMPASSION AND SUBMISSIVE COMPASSION AS PREDICTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 88, 467 - 478, 26.12.2021

Öz

This study aimed to investigate compassion and submissive compassion as predictors
of psychological well-being. Participants consisted of 252 people, 150 women and
102 men between 18 and 59 years of age. Correlation and hierarchical regression
analyses were performed to examine the relationships between compassion, submissive
compassion, and psychological well-being. The study found a positive and significant
relationship between compassion and psychological well-being, and a negative and
significant one between submissive compassion and psychological well-being. The
results indicate, on the other hand, that compassion and submissive compassion were
significantly negatively correlated. Based on the gender and age variables, compassion
and submissive compassion explain 13% of the variance in psychological well-being. The
results are discussed based on the literature.

Kaynakça

  • Akhtar, S., Dolan, A., & Barlow, J. (2017). Understanding the relationship between state forgiveness and psychological wellbeing:Aqualitative study. Journal of religion and health, 56(2), 450-463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0188-9
  • Akdeniz, S., Ahçı, Z. G., Harmancı, H., & Günaydın.H.D.(2020). Boyun Eğici Merhamet Ölçeği’nin Türk kültürüne uyarlanarak psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 84, 575-584. https://doi.org /10.17753/Ekev1764
  • Alnaji, L., Askari, M. Y., & Refae, G. A. E. (2016). Can tolerance of diverse groups improve the wellbeing of societies?. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 11(1), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2016.074428
  • Armstrong, K. (2010). Twelve steps to a compassionate life. New York, NY: First Anchor Books.
  • Barrett-Cheetham, E., Williams, L. A., & Bednall, T. C. (2016). A differentiated approach to the link between positive emotion, motivation, and eudaimonic well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(6), 595-608. https://doi.org/10.1080/17 439760.2016.1152502
  • CatariNo, F., Gilbert, P., MCewaN, K., & Baião, R. (2014). Compassion motivations: Distinguishing submissive compassion from genuine compassion and its association with shame, submissive behavior, depression, anxiety and stress. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33(5), 399-412. https://doi. org/10.1521/jscp.2014.33.5.399
  • Choi, S. H., & Song, S. H. (2014). The effect of elderly wisdom on life satisfaction, self-esteem, psychological wellbeing and quality of child relationship. Journal of Digital Convergence, 12(12), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.14400/ JDC.2014.12.12.49
  • Cialdini, R. B., Darby, B. L., & Vincent, J. E. (1973). Transgression and altruism: A case for hedonism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9(6), 502-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(73)90031-0
  • Cosley, B. J., McCoy, S. K., Saslow, L. R., & Epel, E. S. (2010). Is compassion for others stressbuffering?Consequencesofcompassionandsocialsupportforphysiological reactivity to stress. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(5), 816-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.04.008
  • Crocker, J., & Canevello, A. (2008). Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships: the role of compassionate and self-image goals. Journal of personality and social psychology, 95(3), 555. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 3514.95.3.555
  • Crocker, J., & Canevello, A. (2012). Consequences of self-image and compassionate goals. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 45, pp. 229-277). Academic Press.
  • Crocker, J., Olivier, M. A. & Nuer, N. (2009). Self-image goals and compassionate goals: Costs and benefits. Self and Identity, 8 (2-3), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15298860802505160
  • Diener. E.(1985). Subjective well-being, Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi,D., & Oishi, S. (2009). New Measures of Well-Being. In: Diener E. (eds) Assessing well-being. Social Indicators Research Series, vol 39. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_12
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Galante, J., Galante, I., Bekkers, M. J., & Gallacher, J. (2014). Effect of kindness-based meditation on health and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(6), 1101-1114. https://doi. org/10.1037/a0037249.
  • Gilbert, P. (2005). Compassion and cruelty: A biopsychosocial approach. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualisations, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 9–74). London: Routledge
  • Gilbert, P. (2009). The compassionate mind: Coping with the challenges of living. London:Constable Robinson
  • Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion focused therapy: Distinctive features. London: Routledge.
  • Hoffart, A., Øktedalen, T., & Langkaas, T. F. (2015). Self-compassion influences PTSD symptoms in the process of change in trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapies: a study of within-person processes. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 1273. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01273
  • López, A., Sanderman, R., Ranchor, A. V., & Schroevers, M. J. (2018). Compassion for others and self-compassion: Levels, correlates, and relationship with psychological well-being. Mindfulness, 9(1), 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12671-017-0777-z
  • McMahan, E. A. & Estes, D. (2011). Hedonic versus eudaimonic conceptions of well- being: Evidence of differential associations with experienced well-being. Social Indicators Research, 103(1), 93-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9698- 0
  • Neff, K. D., Seppälä, E., Brown, K. W., & Leary, M. R. (2016). Compassion, well-being, and the hypo-egoic self.In K.W.Brown & M. Leary (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of hypo-egoic phenomena (pp. 189–203). New York: Oxford University Press. Oravecz, Z., Dirsmith, J., Heshmati, S., Vandekerckhove, J., & Brick, T. R. (2020).
  • Psychological well-being and personality traits are associated with experiencing love in everyday life. Personality and Individual Differences, 153, 109620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109620
  • Ozawa-de Silva, B., Dodson-Lavelle, B., Raison, C. L., & Negi, L. T. (2012). Compassion and ethics: Scientific and practical approaches to the cultivation of compassion as a foundation for ethical subjectivity and well-being. Journal of Healthcare, Science, and the Humanities, 2(1), 145-161.
  • Pace, T. W., Negi, L. T., Adame, D. D., Cole, S. P., Sivilli, T. I., Brown, T. D., et al. (2009). Effect of compassion meditation on neuroendocrine, innate immune and behavioral responses to psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 87- 98. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.08.011
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). To be happy or to be self-fulfilled:Areview of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. In S. Fiske (Ed.), Annual review of psychology (Vol. 52, pp. 141–166). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews/Inc
  • Reddy, S. D., Negi, L. T., Dodson-Lavelle, B., Ozawa-de Silva, B., Pace, T. W. W., Cole, S. P., . . . Craighead, L. W. (2013). Cognitive-Based Compassion Training: A promising prevention strategy for at-risk adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(2), 219-230. doi:10.1007/s10826-012-9571-7
  • Ryff, C. & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65, 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289026
  • Saarinen,A.I. L., Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. Pulkki-Råback, L.,Cloninger,C.R., Elovainio, M., Lehtimäki, T., . . . Hintsanen, M. (2019). The relationship of dispositional compassion with well-being: A study with a 15-year prospective follow-up. Journal of Positive Psychology. 15(6), 806-820 doi:10.1080/17439760.2019.1 663251
  • Shapira, L. B., & Mongrain, M. (2010). The benefits of self-compassion and optimism exercises for individuals vulnerable to depression. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(5), 377-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2010.516763
  • Sinclair, S., Torres, M., Raffin-Bouchal, S. F., Hack, T. F., McClement, S., Hagen, N.A., & Chochinov, H. M. (2016). Compassion training in healthcare: what are patients’ perspectives on training healthcare providers? BMC Medical Education, 16, 169. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0695-0
  • Sommers-Spijkerman, M. P. J., Trompetter, H. R., Schreurs, K. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2018). Compassion-focused therapy as guided self-help for enhancing public mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 86(2), 101-115. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000268
  • Stellar, J. E., Cohen, A., Oveis, C., & Keltner, D. (2015). Affective and physiological responses to the suffering of others: Compassion and vagal activity. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 108(4), 572-585. doi:10.1037/pspi0000010
  • Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği (PİOO): Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 374-384. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/hunefd/issue/7791/101929
  • Zeng, X., Chiu, C. P. K., Wang, R., Oei, T. P. S., & Leung, F. Y. K. (2015). The effect of lovingkindness meditation on positive emotions: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1693. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01693
Yıl 2021, Sayı: 88, 467 - 478, 26.12.2021

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akhtar, S., Dolan, A., & Barlow, J. (2017). Understanding the relationship between state forgiveness and psychological wellbeing:Aqualitative study. Journal of religion and health, 56(2), 450-463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0188-9
  • Akdeniz, S., Ahçı, Z. G., Harmancı, H., & Günaydın.H.D.(2020). Boyun Eğici Merhamet Ölçeği’nin Türk kültürüne uyarlanarak psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 84, 575-584. https://doi.org /10.17753/Ekev1764
  • Alnaji, L., Askari, M. Y., & Refae, G. A. E. (2016). Can tolerance of diverse groups improve the wellbeing of societies?. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 11(1), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2016.074428
  • Armstrong, K. (2010). Twelve steps to a compassionate life. New York, NY: First Anchor Books.
  • Barrett-Cheetham, E., Williams, L. A., & Bednall, T. C. (2016). A differentiated approach to the link between positive emotion, motivation, and eudaimonic well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(6), 595-608. https://doi.org/10.1080/17 439760.2016.1152502
  • CatariNo, F., Gilbert, P., MCewaN, K., & Baião, R. (2014). Compassion motivations: Distinguishing submissive compassion from genuine compassion and its association with shame, submissive behavior, depression, anxiety and stress. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33(5), 399-412. https://doi. org/10.1521/jscp.2014.33.5.399
  • Choi, S. H., & Song, S. H. (2014). The effect of elderly wisdom on life satisfaction, self-esteem, psychological wellbeing and quality of child relationship. Journal of Digital Convergence, 12(12), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.14400/ JDC.2014.12.12.49
  • Cialdini, R. B., Darby, B. L., & Vincent, J. E. (1973). Transgression and altruism: A case for hedonism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9(6), 502-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(73)90031-0
  • Cosley, B. J., McCoy, S. K., Saslow, L. R., & Epel, E. S. (2010). Is compassion for others stressbuffering?Consequencesofcompassionandsocialsupportforphysiological reactivity to stress. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(5), 816-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.04.008
  • Crocker, J., & Canevello, A. (2008). Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships: the role of compassionate and self-image goals. Journal of personality and social psychology, 95(3), 555. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 3514.95.3.555
  • Crocker, J., & Canevello, A. (2012). Consequences of self-image and compassionate goals. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 45, pp. 229-277). Academic Press.
  • Crocker, J., Olivier, M. A. & Nuer, N. (2009). Self-image goals and compassionate goals: Costs and benefits. Self and Identity, 8 (2-3), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15298860802505160
  • Diener. E.(1985). Subjective well-being, Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi,D., & Oishi, S. (2009). New Measures of Well-Being. In: Diener E. (eds) Assessing well-being. Social Indicators Research Series, vol 39. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_12
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Galante, J., Galante, I., Bekkers, M. J., & Gallacher, J. (2014). Effect of kindness-based meditation on health and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(6), 1101-1114. https://doi. org/10.1037/a0037249.
  • Gilbert, P. (2005). Compassion and cruelty: A biopsychosocial approach. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualisations, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 9–74). London: Routledge
  • Gilbert, P. (2009). The compassionate mind: Coping with the challenges of living. London:Constable Robinson
  • Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion focused therapy: Distinctive features. London: Routledge.
  • Hoffart, A., Øktedalen, T., & Langkaas, T. F. (2015). Self-compassion influences PTSD symptoms in the process of change in trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapies: a study of within-person processes. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 1273. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01273
  • López, A., Sanderman, R., Ranchor, A. V., & Schroevers, M. J. (2018). Compassion for others and self-compassion: Levels, correlates, and relationship with psychological well-being. Mindfulness, 9(1), 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12671-017-0777-z
  • McMahan, E. A. & Estes, D. (2011). Hedonic versus eudaimonic conceptions of well- being: Evidence of differential associations with experienced well-being. Social Indicators Research, 103(1), 93-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9698- 0
  • Neff, K. D., Seppälä, E., Brown, K. W., & Leary, M. R. (2016). Compassion, well-being, and the hypo-egoic self.In K.W.Brown & M. Leary (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of hypo-egoic phenomena (pp. 189–203). New York: Oxford University Press. Oravecz, Z., Dirsmith, J., Heshmati, S., Vandekerckhove, J., & Brick, T. R. (2020).
  • Psychological well-being and personality traits are associated with experiencing love in everyday life. Personality and Individual Differences, 153, 109620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109620
  • Ozawa-de Silva, B., Dodson-Lavelle, B., Raison, C. L., & Negi, L. T. (2012). Compassion and ethics: Scientific and practical approaches to the cultivation of compassion as a foundation for ethical subjectivity and well-being. Journal of Healthcare, Science, and the Humanities, 2(1), 145-161.
  • Pace, T. W., Negi, L. T., Adame, D. D., Cole, S. P., Sivilli, T. I., Brown, T. D., et al. (2009). Effect of compassion meditation on neuroendocrine, innate immune and behavioral responses to psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 87- 98. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.08.011
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). To be happy or to be self-fulfilled:Areview of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. In S. Fiske (Ed.), Annual review of psychology (Vol. 52, pp. 141–166). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews/Inc
  • Reddy, S. D., Negi, L. T., Dodson-Lavelle, B., Ozawa-de Silva, B., Pace, T. W. W., Cole, S. P., . . . Craighead, L. W. (2013). Cognitive-Based Compassion Training: A promising prevention strategy for at-risk adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(2), 219-230. doi:10.1007/s10826-012-9571-7
  • Ryff, C. & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65, 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289026
  • Saarinen,A.I. L., Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. Pulkki-Råback, L.,Cloninger,C.R., Elovainio, M., Lehtimäki, T., . . . Hintsanen, M. (2019). The relationship of dispositional compassion with well-being: A study with a 15-year prospective follow-up. Journal of Positive Psychology. 15(6), 806-820 doi:10.1080/17439760.2019.1 663251
  • Shapira, L. B., & Mongrain, M. (2010). The benefits of self-compassion and optimism exercises for individuals vulnerable to depression. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(5), 377-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2010.516763
  • Sinclair, S., Torres, M., Raffin-Bouchal, S. F., Hack, T. F., McClement, S., Hagen, N.A., & Chochinov, H. M. (2016). Compassion training in healthcare: what are patients’ perspectives on training healthcare providers? BMC Medical Education, 16, 169. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0695-0
  • Sommers-Spijkerman, M. P. J., Trompetter, H. R., Schreurs, K. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2018). Compassion-focused therapy as guided self-help for enhancing public mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 86(2), 101-115. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000268
  • Stellar, J. E., Cohen, A., Oveis, C., & Keltner, D. (2015). Affective and physiological responses to the suffering of others: Compassion and vagal activity. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 108(4), 572-585. doi:10.1037/pspi0000010
  • Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği (PİOO): Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 374-384. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/hunefd/issue/7791/101929
  • Zeng, X., Chiu, C. P. K., Wang, R., Oei, T. P. S., & Leung, F. Y. K. (2015). The effect of lovingkindness meditation on positive emotions: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1693. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01693
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seher Akdeniz Bu kişi benim

Zeynep Gültekin Ahçı Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 88

Kaynak Göster

APA Akdeniz, S., & Gültekin Ahçı, Z. (2021). AN INVESTIGATION ON COMPASSION AND SUBMISSIVE COMPASSION AS PREDICTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING. EKEV Akademi Dergisi(88), 467-478.