AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ'NDE YAŞLILIKTA UZUN SÜRELİ BAKIM: SOSYAL ADALET, SOSYAL REFAH VE HİZMET MODELLERİ

Hazal Swearinger

doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.1150176

Derleme

LONG-TERM CARE FOR OLDER ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES: SOCIAL JUSTICE, SOCIAL WELFARE, AND SERVICE MODELS

Yıl 2023, , 693 - 729, 25.12.2023

Hazal Swearinger

https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1150176

Öz

As a result of longer life expectancies and time spent with chronic diseases, physical and mental difficulties experienced during old age has become widespread. Long-term care models that provide personal care services to older adults experiencing these difficulties have reached critical importance. Long term care services, as a subdomain of social welfare seeking to ensure social justice should address these needs through rights-based framework. This study aimed to establish the relationship between social welfare models and long-term care in the context of the United States (USA). For this purpose, it was discussed how American market-centered liberal welfare model shaped the long-term care system in a historical context with reference to long-term care models, financing, and service delivery. This discussion concluded that the American long-term care system has a market-centered income-testing model and does not adhere to a rights-based social justice framework. As a result, there are significant disparities in both availability of long-term care and quality of services offered. The USA must address the structural inequalities in organization, financing, and provision of long-term care services in order to ensure social justice in the provision of care, while at the same time, new care models should be developed to better integrate emerging technology into care models.

Anahtar Kelimeler

social policies, long term care, aging, United States

Kaynakça

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AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ'NDE YAŞLILIKTA UZUN SÜRELİ BAKIM: SOSYAL ADALET, SOSYAL REFAH VE HİZMET MODELLERİ

Yıl 2023, , 693 - 729, 25.12.2023

Hazal Swearinger

https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1150176

Öz

Uzayan yaşam süreleri ve kronik hastalıklarla geçen sürelerin artması neticesinde yaşlılık süresince deneyimlenen fiziksel ve zihinsel engellilik yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu engelleri yaşayan yaşlı bireylere kişisel bakım hizmetleri sunan uzun süreli bakım modelleri kritik bir öneme ulaşmıştır. Sosyal adaleti sağlamayı hedefleyen sosyal politikalar, yaşlılıkta engellilik yaşayan ve bakıma muhtaç bireylerin bu ihtiyaçlarına uzun süreli bakım hizmetleri aracılığı ile hak temelli bir çerçevede yaklaşmalıdır. Bu çalışma Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) bağlamında sosyal refah modelleri ve uzun süreli bakım modelleri arasındaki ilişkiyi kurmayı hedeflemiştir. Bu amaçla, Amerikan sosyal refah sisteminin piyasa merkezli liberal refah modeline sahip olmasının uzun süreli bakım sistemini nasıl şekillendirdiğini, uzun süreli bakım modelleri, finansmanı ve hizmet sunumuna değinerek tarihsel bir çerçevede tartışmıştır. Bu tartışma, Amerikan uzun süreli bakım sisteminin piyasa merkezli gelir-testi modeline sahip olduğu ve hak temelli ve sosyal adaleti sağlamayı hedefleyen bir yaklaşım takip etmediği sonucuna ulaşmıştır. Bunun neticesinde uzun süreli bakıma erişimde ve erişilen hizmetin kalitesinde büyük eşitsizliklerle karşılaşılmaktadır. ABD, bu bakımın sunulmasında sosyal adaleti sağlamak için uzun süreli bakım hizmetlerinin organizasyonu, finansmanı ve sunumunda yapısal reformlar yaparak bu alanda yaşanan eşitsizliklere müdahale etmeli, aynı zamanda da gelişen teknolojiyi bakım modellerine daha iyi entegre etmek için uzun süreli bakım modellerini geliştirilmeli ve düzenlenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, sosyal Politikalar, uzun Süreli Bakım, yaşlanma

Kaynakça

AAchenbaum, WA., and Carr, LC. (2014). A brief history of aging services in the United States. Generations. Journal of the American Society on Aging, 38(2), 9-13.
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Amenta, E. (2000). Bold Relief: Institutional Politics and the Origins of Modern American Social Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
American Council on Ageing. (2022), Answers to All of Your Questions About Medicaid Long Term Care, Erişim Tarihi: 21 Haziran 2022, https://www.medicaidplanningassistance.org/medicaid-long-term-care-faq/.
Barrett L. (2014). Home and community preferences of the 45+ population: 2014. Erişim Tarihi: 27 Temmuz 2022. https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/surveys_statistics/il/2015/home-community-preferences.doi.10.26419%252Fres.00105.001.pdf.
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Bilge, M. (2020). Geçmişten Günümüze Yaşlılık. Yaşlılık ve Sosyal Politika Tartışmaları kitabında. Sayfa 14-26. Detay Yayıncılık.
Boersma, P., Black, LI., and Ward, BW. (2020). Peer reviewed: prevalence of multiple chronic conditions among US adults, 2018. Preventing chronic disease, 17.
Bohl, A., Schurrer, J., Miller, D., Lim, W., and Irvin, CV. (2014). The changing medical and long-term care expenditures of people who transition from institutional care to home-and community-based services. National Evaluation of the Money Follows the Person (MFP) Demonstration Grant Program, Report from the Field, (15).
Borella, M., De Nardi, M., and French, E. (2018). Who receives Medicaid in old age? Rules and reality. Fiscal Studies, 39(1), 65-93.
Braun, RA., Kopecky, KA., and Koreshkova, T. (2019). Old, frail, and uninsured: accounting for features of the US Long‐Term care insurance market. Econometrica, 87(3), 981-1019.
Broad, JB., Ashton, T., Gott, M., McLeod, H., Davis, PB., and Connolly, MJ. (2015). Likelihood of residential aged care use in later life: a simple approach to estimation with international comparison. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 39(4), 374-379.
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Toplam 100 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Sosyal Hizmetler (Diğer)
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Hazal Swearinger 0000-0001-8573-641X
Yayımlanma Tarihi	25 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA	Swearinger, H. (2023). AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE YAŞLILIKTA UZUN SÜRELİ BAKIM: SOSYAL ADALET, SOSYAL REFAH VE HİZMET MODELLERİ. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 23(61), 693-729. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1150176
AMA	Swearinger H. AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE YAŞLILIKTA UZUN SÜRELİ BAKIM: SOSYAL ADALET, SOSYAL REFAH VE HİZMET MODELLERİ. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. Aralık 2023;23(61):693-729. doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.1150176
Chicago	Swearinger, Hazal. “AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE YAŞLILIKTA UZUN SÜRELİ BAKIM: SOSYAL ADALET, SOSYAL REFAH VE HİZMET MODELLERİ”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 23, sy. 61 (Aralık 2023): 693-729. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1150176.
EndNote	Swearinger H (01 Aralık 2023) AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE YAŞLILIKTA UZUN SÜRELİ BAKIM: SOSYAL ADALET, SOSYAL REFAH VE HİZMET MODELLERİ. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 23 61 693–729.
IEEE	H. Swearinger, “AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE YAŞLILIKTA UZUN SÜRELİ BAKIM: SOSYAL ADALET, SOSYAL REFAH VE HİZMET MODELLERİ”, Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 23, sy. 61, ss. 693–729, 2023, doi: 10.21560/spcd.vi.1150176.
ISNAD	Swearinger, Hazal. “AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE YAŞLILIKTA UZUN SÜRELİ BAKIM: SOSYAL ADALET, SOSYAL REFAH VE HİZMET MODELLERİ”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 23/61 (Aralık 2023), 693-729. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1150176.
JAMA	Swearinger H. AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE YAŞLILIKTA UZUN SÜRELİ BAKIM: SOSYAL ADALET, SOSYAL REFAH VE HİZMET MODELLERİ. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2023;23:693–729.
MLA	Swearinger, Hazal. “AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE YAŞLILIKTA UZUN SÜRELİ BAKIM: SOSYAL ADALET, SOSYAL REFAH VE HİZMET MODELLERİ”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 23, sy. 61, 2023, ss. 693-29, doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.1150176.
Vancouver	Swearinger H. AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE YAŞLILIKTA UZUN SÜRELİ BAKIM: SOSYAL ADALET, SOSYAL REFAH VE HİZMET MODELLERİ. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2023;23(61):693-729.

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