ORPHANHOOD AND LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF SYRIAN CHILDREN IN TÜRKİYE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRE- AND POST-CONFLICT PERIODS (2006-2018)

Abstract

This article examines how armed conflicts influence orphanhood and living arrangements of children and specifically compares Syrian orphan children’s living arrangements in the pre-conflict period in Syria and the post-conflict period in Türkiye by using the data of the 2006 Syrian Arab Republic Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (SMICS) and 2018 Türkiye Demographic and Health Survey Syrian Migrant Sample (TDHS-S). The study aims to understand the prevalence and magnitude of orphanhood among Syrian refugee children, to investigate the social consequences of orphanhood and to reveal how various living arrangements of orphaned Syrian children differ in pre- and post-conflict periods. The research employs a comparative analysis based on the descriptive statistics of two datasets. The results of the study indicate that orphanhood among Syrian children has increased in the post-conflict period for all age groups and both sexes. A key finding shows that paternal orphanhood is more prevalent in the post-conflict period among all orphanhood types with a 4.8%. The incidence of not living with a biological parent is highest for the 15-17 age group in Türkiye reaching 17%. The increase in percentages of working children, the general decline in school attendance ratios and high percentages in early marriages are other prominent findings observed in the post-conflict period.

Keywords

• Armed conflict
• conflict-induced-migration
• orphanhood
• living arrangements
• Syrian refugee children

TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SURİYELİ ÇOCUKLARIN ÖKSÜZLÜĞÜ VE YAŞAM DÜZENLEMELERİ: ÇATIŞMA ÖNCESİ VE SONRASI DÖNEMİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZİ (2006-2018)

Öz

Bu makale, silahlı çatışmaların çocukların öksüz kalması ve yaşam düzenlemelerini nasıl etkilediğini incelemekte, daha özel olarak ise Suriyeli öksüz ve yetim çocukların Suriye’deki çatışma öncesi dönem ile Türkiye’deki çatışma sonrası dönemdeki yaşam düzenlemelerini 2006 Suriye Arap Cumhuriyeti Çoklu Göstergeli Kümeleme Araştırması ve 2018 Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması (TNSA) Suriyeli göçmen örneklemi verilerini kullanarak ele almaktadır. Çalışma, Suriyeli mülteci çocuklar arasında öksüzlük ve yetimliğin yaygınlığını ve boyutunu anlamayı, öksüzlüğün sosyal sonuçlarını incelemeyi ve Suriyeli öksüz çocukların çeşitli yaşam düzenlemelerinin çatışma öncesi ve sonrası dönemde nasıl farklılaştığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, iki veri setinin tanımlayıcı istatistiklerine dayanan karşılaştırmalı bir analiz kullanmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, çatışma sonrası dönemde Suriyeli çocuklar arasında öksüzlüğün tüm yaş grupları ve her iki cinsiyet için arttığını göstermektedir. Önemli bir bulgu, baba yetimliğinin çatışma sonrası dönemde tüm öksüz türleri arasında %4,8 ile daha yaygın olduğunu göstermektedir. Biyolojik ebeveyn ile yaşamama oranının Türkiye’de en yüksek olduğu yaş grubu 15-17 yaş grubunda %17’ye ulaştığı görülmektedir. Çalışan öksüzlerin yüzdesindeki artış, okula devam oranlarındaki genel düşüş ve erken evliliklerin yüzdesindeki yükseklik de çatışma sonrası dönemde gözlemlenen önemli bulgular olarak öne çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Silahlı çatışma
• çatışma kaynaklı göç
• öksüzlük
• yaşam düzenlemeleri
• Suriyeli göçmen çocuklar

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