YAŞLILIK TEORİLERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE AKTİF YAŞLANMAYI DESTEKLEYEN MEKÂNSAL DÜZENLEMELER

Öz

Tüm dünyada yaşanan hızlı yaşlanma, toplumun nüfus oranlarını ve sosyal yapıyı değiştirmektedir. Değişim, ülkelerin demografik yapıları kadar aile yapılarını ve toplumsal hayatta da bir takım yapısal dönüşümlere neden olmaktadır. Konu pek çok yönüyle uzmanlar tarafından ele alınarak yaşlılık kuramları ve yaklaşımları üretilmiştir. Bireyin yaş aldıkça da azalmaya başlayan ‘işlev kapasitesinin düşüşü’ yaşlılığın dikkat çekici sorunudur. Fiziksel faktörler kadar sosyal, çevresel ve ekonomik faktörler de yaş alanların yaşamlarını etkilemekte, yetişkinlik döneminde yüksek olan ‘fonksiyonun sürdürülebilme kapasite aralığı’ yaşlılıkla birlikte açılmakta böylece ‘işlevsel kapasite’ de düşmektedir. Yaşlılık kuramlarından olan “aktif yaşlanma”, yaş alan bireylerin homojen bir gruba sahip olmamaları nedeniyle yaş aldıkça fiziksel kısıtlama/yetersizliklerindeki artışı ortaya koymaktadır. Yaklaşım, yaşam sürecinin sağlıklı ve faal geçirilmesini mümkün kılmak üzere, kentsel çevrenin de ‘aktif yaşlanmayı destekleme kapasitesini’ önemsenmektedir. Yazarın doktora tezinden üretilen çalışma aracılığıyla aktif yaşlanmayı destekleyen evrensel tasarım ve erişebilirlik gibi düzenlemelerin, daha yaşanır kentsel fiziki çevreye ve toplumsal yaşama sunduğu katkıların ortaya konması hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşlanma
• Yaşlılık Kuramları
• Aktif Yaşlanma
• Erişebilirlik
• Evrensel Tasarım.

SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS SUPPORTING ACTIVE AGEING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THEORIES OF AGEING

Abstract

Rapid ageing all over the world is changing the population rates and social structure of the society. The change causes some structural transformations in family structures and social life as well as demographic structures of countries. The subject has been handled by experts in many aspects and theories and approaches to old age have been produced. The 'decline in functional capacity', which starts to decrease as the individual gets older, is the remarkable problem of old age. Social, environmental and economic factors, as well as physical factors, affect the lives of the older persons, and the 'capacity range for maintaining function', which is high in adulthood, opens with old age, thus 'functional capacity' decreases. "Active ageing", which is one of the theories of ageing, reveals the increase in physical limitations/inadequacies as ageing individuals get older because they do not have a homogenous group. The approach also emphasises the 'capacity of the urban environment to support active ageing' in order to enable a healthy and active life course. Through the study, which is produced from the author's doctoral thesis, it is aimed to reveal the contributions of arrangements such as universal design and accessibility that support active ageing to a more livable urban physical environment and social life.

Keywords

• Ageing
• Theories of Ageing
• Active Ageing
• Accessibility
• Universal Design.

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