THE CHALLENGE OF REENTRY FOR FEMALE INMATES

Abstract

Incarcerated women return to their communities from prison has been an enduring focus of interest in Criminal
Justice. In this study, the author used academic literature about reentry to investigate the challenges regarding female
reentry process and programs in the United States. The results of this study provide strong support for policy
implications, which include investing in community resources that strengthen the capacity of neighborhoods to
work with this population, the need of making parole supervision more flexible to reduce the risk that women fail
to meet their parole requirements, and providing comprehensive services to female offenders after their release.
Finally, reentry programs for women offenders in order to provide better and more efficient service features are
suggested. Directions for future research are discussed so as to evaluate the different policy initiatives.

Keywords

• Female Inmates, The Challenge of Reentry, Gender-Based Approach, Prison, Policy

KADIN MAHKÛMLARIN CEZAEVİNDEN ÇIKTIKTAN SONRA TOPLUMSAL HAYATA KATILMADA YAŞADIKLARI ZORLUKLAR

Öz

Bu literatür taramasında, Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde kadın mahkumların cezaevinden çıktıktan sonra yüzleşmek zorunda kaldıkları zorlukları ve hayata katılım programlarının bu zorluklara nasıl eğilmesi gerektiği konusu incelenmektedir. Profilleme yoluyla mahkûm kadınların temel özellikleri ve suç kariyeri edinmelerinde rol oynayan hayat koşulları ortaya koyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada hayata katılım konusundaki başlıca zorluklar ve mahkûm kadınların ıslah merkezlerinden çıktıktan sonra ihtiyaç duydukları hususlar, cinsiyet temelli bir yaklaşımla analiz edilmiştir. Son olarak, hayata katılım programlarının kadın suçlulara daha iyi ve etkin bir hizmet sunabilmesi için hangi özelliklerinin olması gerektiği üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmanın son bölümünde, cezaevinden çıkan kadın nüfusu ile birlikte çalışabilme kapasitesinin arttırılması için toplumsal kaynaklara yatırım yapılması, kadınların şartlı tahliye koşullarını ihlal etmesi riskini azaltabilmek için şartlı tahliye gözetiminde esneklik sağlanması gerekliliği ve cezaevinden çıkan kadın suçlulara kapsamlı hizmetler sunulması gibi bazı uygulama ve politikaların etkilerine yer verilmiştir. Farklı girişimlerin değerlendirilmesi ve etkinliklerinin tespit edilebilmesi için bu alanda daha fazla araştırma yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kadın Mahkumlar, Hayata Katılımdaki Zorluklar, Cinsiyet Temelli Yaklaşım, Cezaevi, Politika

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