OTİSTİK ÇOCUKLARIN TOPLUMA ENTEGRASYONUNDA EĞİTİMİN VE SOSYAL ÇALIŞMALARIN ROLÜNE YÖNELİK NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 56, 567 - 595, 28.09.2022

Fahri Özsungur

https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1074666

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal bir konu olan otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan bireylerin topluma kazandırılmasında sosyal hizmetin eğitime dayalı rolünün nitel araştırma yöntemi ile belirlenmesidir. Çalışma otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklara eğitim veren ve Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı üç özel eğitim uygulama birinci kademe okulunun on iki eğitimci personeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın teorik temelini sosyal öğrenme, sistem, sosyal mübadele teorileri ile bilişsel davranış terapisi, problem çözme ve kriz müdahale modelleri oluşturmaktadır. Yorumlayıcı fenomenoloji yöntemine göre gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre sosyal hizmetin otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocukların topluma kazandırılmasında aile, eğitim, bakım, danışmanlık, sürdürülebilir yenilik ve etik rollerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar sosyal hizmette etiğin hizmete kolay, eşit ve ücretsiz erişim olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sosyal hizmette inovasyon eğitim ve öğretimde yeni yaklaşımlar, yeni yöntemler, hizmette gelişim ve süreklilik, değişime adaptasyon ve kendini yenilemeyi içermektedir. Sosyal hizmetin eğitim fonksiyonunda yaşanan sorunlar temel olarak eğitmenlerin uzmanlık düzeylerindeki eksiklik, bakım ve eğitim hizmetlerinin okullarda tek bir eğitmen tarafından yürütülmesinin ortaya koyduğu etik ve sosyal sorunlar, okulların teknolojik altyapı eksiklikleri, çocukların sosyalleşmeleri için gerçekleştirilmesi gereken aktivitelerdeki eksiklikler, ailelerin otizmle ilgili eğitimindeki eksiklikler, kız öğrencilerin kişisel bakımlarının kadın personel tarafından yerine getirilmesi sorunu olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otizm spektrum, sosyal hizmetin rolü, eğitim, otistik çocuklar

A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL WORK IN INTEGRATING AUTISTIC CHILDREN INTO SOCIETY

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the educational role of social work in the social integration of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder, which is a social issue, through a qualitative research method. The study was carried out with twelve educator employees of three special education practice first-grade schools that teach children with autism spectrum disorder and are affiliated with the Ministry of National Education. The theoretical basis of the study is social learning, system, social exchange theories, and cognitive behavioral therapy, problem-solving, and crisis intervention models. According to the results of the study carried out with the interpretive phenomenology method, it was determined that social work had roles in the social integration of children with autism spectrum disorders such as family, education, care, counseling, sustainable innovation, and ethics. The results determined that ethics in social work was easy, equal, and free access to service. Innovation in social work includes new approaches in education and training, new methods, improvement and continuity in service, adaptation to change, and self-renewal. The problems experienced in the educational function of social work were basically determined as the lack of expertise of the educators, the ethical and social problems raised by the implementation of care and education services in schools by a single teacher, the lack of technological infrastructure of the schools, the deficiencies in the activities that need to be carried out for the children to socialize, the deficiencies in the education of families about autism, the problem with female students' personal care being provided by female staff.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Autism spectrum, role of social work, education, autistic children

Kaynakça

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