TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SURİYELİ ÇOCUKLARIN ÖKSÜZLÜĞÜ VE YAŞAM DÜZENLEMELERİ: ÇATIŞMA ÖNCESİ VE SONRASI DÖNEMİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZİ (2006-2018)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 63, 259 - 291, 28.06.2024

Seda Yumlu İsmet Koç

https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1346737

Öz

Bu makale, silahlı çatışmaların çocukların öksüz kalması ve yaşam düzenlemelerini
nasıl etkilediğini incelemekte, daha özel olarak ise Suriyeli öksüz ve yetim çocukların Suriye’deki
çatışma öncesi dönem ile Türkiye’deki çatışma sonrası dönemdeki yaşam düzenlemelerini 2006
Suriye Arap Cumhuriyeti Çoklu Göstergeli Kümeleme Araştırması ve 2018 Türkiye Nüfus ve
Sağlık Araştırması (TNSA) Suriyeli göçmen örneklemi verilerini kullanarak ele almaktadır.
Çalışma, Suriyeli mülteci çocuklar arasında öksüzlük ve yetimliğin yaygınlığını ve boyutunu
anlamayı, öksüzlüğün sosyal sonuçlarını incelemeyi ve Suriyeli öksüz çocukların çeşitli yaşam
düzenlemelerinin çatışma öncesi ve sonrası dönemde nasıl farklılaştığını ortaya koymayı
amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, iki veri setinin tanımlayıcı istatistiklerine dayanan karşılaştırmalı
bir analiz kullanmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, çatışma sonrası dönemde Suriyeli çocuklar
arasında öksüzlüğün tüm yaş grupları ve her iki cinsiyet için arttığını göstermektedir. Önemli
bir bulgu, baba yetimliğinin çatışma sonrası dönemde tüm öksüz türleri arasında %4,8 ile
daha yaygın olduğunu göstermektedir. Biyolojik ebeveyn ile yaşamama oranının Türkiye’de
en yüksek olduğu yaş grubu 15-17 yaş grubunda %17’ye ulaştığı görülmektedir. Çalışan
öksüzlerin yüzdesindeki artış, okula devam oranlarındaki genel düşüş ve erken evliliklerin
yüzdesindeki yükseklik de çatışma sonrası dönemde gözlemlenen önemli bulgular olarak öne
çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Silahlı çatışma, çatışma kaynaklı göç, öksüzlük, yaşam düzenlemeleri, Suriyeli göçmen çocuklar

ORPHANHOOD AND LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF SYRIAN CHILDREN IN TÜRKİYE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRE- AND POST-CONFLICT PERIODS (2006-2018)

Öz

This article examines how armed conflicts influence orphanhood and living
arrangements of children and specifically compares Syrian orphan children’s living
arrangements in the pre-conflict period in Syria and the post-conflict period in Türkiye by
using the data of the 2006 Syrian Arab Republic Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (SMICS)
and 2018 Türkiye Demographic and Health Survey Syrian Migrant Sample (TDHS-S). The
study aims to understand the prevalence and magnitude of orphanhood among Syrian refugee
children, to investigate the social consequences of orphanhood and to reveal how various
living arrangements of orphaned Syrian children differ in pre- and post-conflict periods. The
research employs a comparative analysis based on the descriptive statistics of two datasets.
The results of the study indicate that orphanhood among Syrian children has increased in
the post-conflict period for all age groups and both sexes. A key finding shows that paternal
orphanhood is more prevalent in the post-conflict period among all orphanhood types with a
4.8%. The incidence of not living with a biological parent is highest for the 15-17 age group in
Türkiye reaching 17%. The increase in percentages of working children, the general decline in
school attendance ratios and high percentages in early marriages are other prominent findings
observed in the post-conflict period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Armed conflict, conflict-induced-migration, orphanhood, living arrangements, Syrian refugee children

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