Çocuk Sağlığı ve Sağlık Okuryazarlığı

Öz

Sağlık okuryazarlığı, bakıma erişim ve tedaviye uyum da dahil olmak üzere sağlık hizmetinin tüm yönleriyle ilgili konularda vazgeçilmez, ancak çoğunlukla göz ardı edilen bir yetkinlik alanıdır. Çocukların kendi öz bakımlarına katıldıklarına dair kanıtların olmasına rağmen, çocuk sağlık okuryazarlığının geçerli ölçütlerinin eksikliği nedeniyle sınırlı sayıda çalışma vardır. Sağlık okuryazarlığını ölçmek için kullanılan araçların çoğu sadece kelimeyi tanıma veya okuma becerisini ölçtüğü için yetersizdir. Ayrıca çocuklar ve adölesanlar için sağlık okuryazarlığı araçları sınırlı sayıdadır. Çocuklar, sağlık bakımında yetişkin denetiminin etkisi altındadır ancak bir çocuğun sağlık okuryazarlığının, etiketleri okumak, ilaç almak veya karar vermek açısından sağlık sonuçlarıyla doğrudan ilişkili olabileceği birçok durum vardır. Ebeveynler, sağlık çalışanları, kitle iletişim araçları ve akranlarından sağlık alanı ile ilgili bilgi edinmekte ve edindikleri bu bilgilerle oluşturdukları sağlık okuryazarlık becerilerini, çocuklarının günlük temel bakımlarını karşılamak için kullanmaktadırlar. Ebeveynlerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ile hem kendileri, hem de çocuklarının sağlık sonuçları arasında ilişki bulunduğunu bildiren çalışmalar vardır Literatürde yetersiz sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyine sahip ailelerin çocuklarının yeterli düzeyde sağlık okuryazarlık becerisi olan ailelerin çocuklarına göre daha fazla hasta olduğu bildirilmiştir. Toplumun sağlık okuryazarlığına ilişkin sorunlara ilişkin farkındalığını artırmak ve bu soruna yönelik öneriler sunmak için ulusal çaba harcanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocuk,Sağlık Okuryazarlığı,Sağlık Eğitimi

Kaynakça

1. 1. Sorensen K, Van den Broucke S, Fullam J, Doyle G, Pelikan J, Slonsk, Z, et al. (2012). Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and ıntegration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health; 12 (80):1-13.
2. 2. Australian commission on safety and quality in health care. consumers, the health system and health literacy (2013). Taking action to ımprove safety and quality. Consultation Paper. Sydney.
3. 3. Yin HS, Forbis SG, Dreyer BP. (2007). Health literacy and pediatric health. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care; 37 (7): 258–286 4. US Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Office of disease prevention and health promotion. national action plan to ımprove health literacy. Washington DC: Author; www.health.gov/communication/hlactionplan.
4. 5. HLS-EU Consortıum. Comparative report of health literacy in eight EU member states. (2012). The European Health Literacy Survey HLS-EU (http://www.health-literacy.eu, erişim: 22.08.2017)
5. 6. Kickbusch I, Pelikan JM, Apfel F, Tsouros AD. (2013). World Health Organization, Health Literacy the Solid Facts. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen.
6. 7. Nielsen-Bohlman L, Panzer AM, Kindig DA. (2004). Committee on Health Literacy. Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
7. 8. Birru MS, Monaco VM, Charles L, Drew H, Njie V, Bierria T, et al. (2004). Internet usage by low-literacy adults seeking health information: an observational analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research; 6 (3).
8. 9. Tokuda Y. Doba N, Butler JP, Paasche-Orlow M.K. (2009). Health literacy and physical and psychological wellbeing in Japanese adults, Patient Education and Counseling; 75: 411–417.

9. 10. Kindig DA, Panzer AM, Nielsen-Bohlman L. (Eds.). (2004). Health literacy: a prescription to end confusion. National Academies Press,
10. 11. Yılmaz F, Çolak YM, Ersoy K. (2010). Sağlık Okuryazarlığının Hasta Hekim İletişimi Üzerine Etkisi, IV. Sağlık ve Hastane İdaresi kongresi, Antalya.
11. 12. Pfızer ve Türkiye ve Toplum Gönüllüleri Vakfı. (2005). Gençlere Sağlık Projesi, Erişim:[http://www.pfizer.com.tr/sites/tr/articlefr/Pages/Genclere.aspx], Erişim tarihi:07.08.2017,
12. 13. Çok Paydaşlı Sağlık Sorumluluğunu Geliştirme Programı (2013-2023). (2014). T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara.
13. 14. Sharaideh R, Wazaify M, Albsoul-Younes AM. (2013). Knowledge and attitude of school children in Amman/Jordan toward the appropriate use of medicines: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal; 21 (1):25-33.
14. 15. Tates K, Meeuwesen L. (2000). Let mum have her say: turn taking in doctor–parent–child communication. Patient Educ. Couns; 40:151–162.
15. 16. Sanz EJ. (2003). Concordance and children’s use of medicines. BMJ; 327: 858–860.
16. 17. Sleath B, Bush P, Pradel F. (2003). Communicating with children about medicines: a pharmacist’s perspective. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm; 60:604–607.
17. 18. Briefel RR, Wilson A, Gleason PM. (2009). Consumption of lownutrient, energy-dense foods and beverages at school, home, and other locations among school lunch participants and nonparticipants. J Am Diet Assoc; 109 (2):79-90.
18. 19. Sharif I, Blank AE. (2010). Relationship between child health literacy and body mass index in overweight children. Patient Educ Couns; 79:43-48.
19. 20. DeWalt DA, Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Lohr KN, Pignone M. (2004). Literacy and health outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. J Gen Intern Med; 19 (12):1228–1239.
20. 21. Sanders LM, Federico S, Klass P, Abrams MA, Dreyer B. (2009). Literacy and child health: a systematic review. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine; 163 (2):131-140.
21. 22. Hawthorne G. (1997). Preteenage drug use in Australia: the key predictors and school-based drug education. J Adolesc Health; 20 (5):384-95.
22. 23. Davis TC, Byrd RS, Arnold CL, Auinger P, Bocchini JA. (1999). Low literacy and violence among adolescents in a summer sports program. Journal of Adolescent Health; 24 (6):403-411.
23. 24. Davis TC, Wolf MS, Arnold CL, et al. (2006). Development and validation of the Rapid Estimate of Adolescent Literacy in Medicine (REALM-Teen): a tool to screen adolescents for below-grade reading in health care settings. Pediatrics; 118 (6):1707-1714.
24. 25. Kirsch I. (2001). The International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS): Understanding what was measured. princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Services.
25. 26. Safeer RS, Keenan J. (2005) Health Literacy: The Gap Between Physicians and Patients, American Family Physician; 72 (3):463–468
26. 27. Betz LC, Ruccġone K, Meeske K, Chang N. (2008). Health literacy: a pediatric nursing concern, Pediatric Nursing; 34 (3):231–239
27. 28. Ross LA, Frier BM, Kelnar CJH, Deary IJ. (2001). Child and parental mental ability and glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med; 18 (5):364-369.
28. 29. DeWalt DA, Dilling MH, Rosenthal MS, Pignone MP. (2007). Low parental literacy is associated with worse asthma care measures in children. Ambulatory Pediatrics; 7 (1):25-31.
29. 30. Moon RY, Cheng T L, Patel KM, Baumhaft K, Scheidt PC. (1998). Parental literacy level and understanding of medical information. Pediatrics; 102 (2):25-25.
30. 31. Sanders LM, Lewis J, Brosco JP. (2005) Low caregiver health literacy: risk factor for child access to a medical home. In Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting; 15.
31. 32. Al-Shorbaji N. (2013). The World Health Assembly resolutions on eHealth: eHealth in support of universal health coverage. Methods Inf Med; 52 (6):463-466.
32. 33. Jimenez-Marroquin MC, Deber R, Jadad AR. (2014). Information and communication technology (ICT) and eHealth policy in Latin America and the Caribbean: a review of national policies and assessment of socioeconomic context. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública; 35 (5-6):329-336.
33. 34. Norman CD, Skinner HA. (2006). eHEALS: The eHealth Literacy Scale. Journal of Medical Internet Research; 8 (4):1-7.
34. 35. Fiksdal AS, Kumbamu A, Jadhav AS, Cocos C, Nelsen LA, Pathak J, et al. (2014). Evaluating the process of online health information searching: a qualitative approach to exploring consumer perspectives. Journal of Medical Internet Research; 16(10).
35. 36. Spadaro R. (2003) European Opinion Research Group (EORG) Eurobarometer 58.0. European Union citizens and sources of information about health; 2-16.
36. 37. Kummervold PE, Chronaki CE, Lausen B, Prokosch HU, Rasmussen J, Santana S, et al. (2008). eHealth trends in Europe 2005-2007: a population-based survey. Journal of Medical Internet Research; 10(4).
37. 38. Park H, Moon M, Baeg JH. (2014). Association of eHealth literacy with cancer information seeking and prior experience with cancer screening. Computers, Informatics, Nursing; 32:458–463
38. 39. Mitsutake S, Shibata A, Ishii K, Oka K. (2012). Association of eHealth literacy with colorectal cancer knowledge and screening practice among internet users in Japan. Journal of Medical Internet Research; 14(6).
39. 40. Hsu W, Chiang C, Yang S. (2014). The effect of individual factors on health behaviors among college students: the mediating effects of eHealth literacy. Journal of Medical Internet Research; 16(12).
40. 41. Ghaddar SF, Valerio MA, Garcia CM, Hansen L. (2012). Adolescent health literacy: the importance of credible sources for online health information. Journal of School Health; 82 (1):28-36.
41. 42. Chang FC, Chiu CH, Chen PH, Miao NF, Lee CM, Chiang JT, et al. (2015). Relationship between parental and adolescent eHealth literacy and online health information seeking in Taiwan. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking; 18 (10):618-624.
42. 43. Dart JM, Gallois C. (2010). Community desires for an online health information strategy. Australian Health Review; 34 (4):467-476.
43. 44. Jacobs RJ, Lou JQ, Ownby RL, Caballero J. (2016). A systematic review of eHealth interventions to improve health literacy. Health Informatics Journal; 22 (2):81-98.
44. 45. Özer AGÖ, Şantaş AGF, Budak AGF. (2012). Sağlık Web Sitelerinin Kullanım Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Örnek Bir Uygulama. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi; 1(4).
45. 46. www.tuik.gov.tr. (Erişim tarihi: 12.10.2017).
46. 47. WHO. (2013). Health Literacy. In: Kickbusch I, Pelikan LM, Apfel F, Tsouros AD, editors World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe,.
47. 48. Kickbusch IS. (2001). Health literacy: addressing the health and education divide. Health Promotion International; 16 (3):289-297
48. 49. Kickbusch I. (2006). Health literacy: empowering children to make healthy choices. Virtually Healthy; 41(3):2-3.
49. 50. Joint Committee on National Health Education Standards. (1995). National Health Education Standards: Achieving Health Literacy. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society.
50. 51. Kann L, Brener N, Allensworth D. (2001). Health education: results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000. J Sch Health; 71:266-278.
51. 52. Simovska V et al. (2010). HEPS tool for schools – a guide for school policy development on healthy eating and physical activity. Utrecht, NIGZ – Netherlands Institute for Health Promotion.
52. 53. Nutbeam D. (2000). Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International; 15:259–267.
53. 54. Kickbusch I. (2012). Learning for well-being. A policy priority for children and youth in Europe. A process for change. Paris, Learning for Well-being Consortium of Foundations in Europe.
54. 55. Johnston R, Fowler C, Wilson V, Kelly M. (2015). Opportunities for nurses to increase parental health literacy: a discussion paper. Issues in comprehensive pediatric nursing; 38 (4):266-281.