The EU and Local Governments

Öz

The impact of European integration on the national legal systems had primarily been examined until the early 1990s in terms of national governmental aspects within the context of evergreen issue of delimitation of competences. This confinement could be discerned in the formulation of theories about the EU integration models which have centred around state-centric and supranational conceptions (based either on intergovernmentalism or neo-functionalism). This also could be noticed even in the analyses of the principle of subsidiarity made in the wake of its introduction to the EC Treaty that were confined to the issue of delimitation of competences between the EU institutions and national governments merely. As correctly described by D’Atena, the European system was suffering from the federal blindness and indifference towards the existence of subnational authorities and was being solely occupied with central levels of governments. (D’Atena, 2005, p. 8)

Anahtar Kelimeler

• EU,Local Governments,Integration,Subranational

Kaynakça

1. Baun M. and Dan Marek, ‘Regional Policy and Decentralization in the Czech Republic’, 2006, Regional and Federal Studies, 16(4), p. 409-428.
2. Callanan, M. “Domestic governance arrangements and Europeanization: The case of central-local relations in England, Ireland and Denmark”, 2010, Comparative European Politics, 10, p. 399-420.
3. Committee of the Regions, White Paper on Multilevel Governance, 30 November 2009 (http://web.cor.europa.eu/epp/Ourviews/Documents/White%20Paper%20on%20MLG.pdf), last visited 12.08.2015.
4. Christiansen T. and P. Lintner, ‘The Committee of the Regions after 10 Years: Lessons from the Past and Challenges for the Future’, 2005, Eipascope, Bulletin No. 2005/1, p. 7–13.
5. D’Atena, A. ‘Participation of Regional and Local Authorities in the Preparatory Phase of European Policy Making – European Side’ in The Committee of the Regions, Procedures for Local and Regional Authority Participation in European Policy Making in the Member State, CoR Studies E- 1 12005, Brussels, January 2005.
6. De Rooij, R. ‘The Impact of the European Union on Local Government in the Netherlands’, 2002, Journal of European Public Policy, 9(3), p. 447-467.
7. Fleurke, F. and R. Willemse, ‘Effects of the European Union on Sub-National Decision-Making: Enhancement or Constriction?’, 2007, European Integration, 29(1), p. 69-88.
8. Guderjan, M. ‘Local Government and European Integration – Beyond Europeanisation?’ 2012, Political Perspectives, 6(1), p. 105-128.

9. Guderjan, M. ‘Theorising European Integration of Local Government – Insights from the Fusion Approach’, 2015, Local Government Studies, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2015.1057277, p. 1-19.
10. Hessel, B. ‘European Integration and Supervision of Local and Regional Authorities – Experiences in the Netherlands with Requirements of European Community Law’, 2006, Utrecht Law Review, 2(1), p. 91-110.
11. Hooghe, L. and G. Marks, ‘“Europe with the Regions”: Channels of Regional Representation in the European Union”, 1996, The Journal of Federalism, 26(1), p. 73-91.
12. Hooghe, L. and G. Marks, Multilevel Governance and European Integration, Oxford, Rowman & Littelfield Publishers, 2001.
13. Jeffrey, C. ‘Sub-National Mobilization and European Integration: Does It Make Any Difference?’, 2000, Journal of Common Market Studies, 38(1), p. 1-23.
14. John, P. ‘The Europeanisation of Sub-national Governance’, 2000, Urban Studies, 37/5–6, p. 877–894.
15. John, P. Local Governance in Western Europe, London, Sage Publications, 2001.
16. Kaiser, R. ‘Local Governments and the European Union’ in M. P. van der Hoek, Handbook of Public Administration and Policy in the European Union, Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis, 2005.
17. Kern, K. and H. Bulkeley, ‘Cities, Europeanization and Multi-level Governance: Governing Climate Change through Transnational Municipal Networks’, 2009, Journal of Common Market Studies, 47(2), p. 309-332.
18. Ladrech, R. ‘Europeanization of Domestic Politics and Institutions: The Case of France’, 1994, Journal of Common Market Studies, 32(1), p. 69-88.
19. Loughlin, J. ‘Conclusions: The Transformation of Regional and Local Democracy in Western Europe’, in J. Loughlin, Subnational Democracy in the European Union: challenges and opportunities, Oxford, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004.
20. Longo, M. ‘(E)merging Discourses: Local and Regional Governance in Australia and the European Union’, 2011, The University of Tasmania Law Review, 30(2), p. 21-50.
21. Panara, C. and M. Varney, ‘Introduction – Local Government in the EU Layered System of Governance’ in C. Panara and Micahel Varney (eds), Local Government in Europe, The ‘fourth level’ in the EU multilayered system of Governance, London and Newyork, Routledge, 2013.
22. Panara, C. The Sub-national Dimension of the EU – A Study of Multilevel Governance, Cham, Springer, 2015.
23. Persson, W. ‘Sweden – Local government in Sweden: Flexibility and Independence in a Unitary State’ in C. Panara and M. Varney, Local Government in Europe – The ‘Fourth Level in the EU Multi-Layered System of Governance, London and New York, Routledge, 2013.
24. Risse, T., M. G. Cowles and J. Caporaso, ‘Europeanization and Domestic Change: Introduction’ in M. G. Cowles, J. Caporaso and T. Risse, Transforming Europe – Europeanization and Domestic Change, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 2001.
25. Sutcliffe, J. and M. Kovacev, ‘Scottish Local Governments in the European Union: A Deepening Relationship within a Multi-Level Governance Setting’, 2005, (http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2005/Sutcliffe.pdf), last visited 12.08.2015.
26. Tatar, M. ‘The Impact of the European Union on Sub-National Mobilization in A Unitary State: The Case of Estonia’, 2011, Journal of Baltic Studies, 42(3), p. 379-407.
27. Wallace, H. ‘EU Enlargement: A Neglected Subject’ in M. G. Cowles and M. Smith (eds.), The State of the European Union – Vol. 5 – Risks, Reform, Resistance, and Revival, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000.
28. Van Bever, E. and T. Verhelst, ‘Towards a More Active Approach of Local Level Europeanization – Discussing Horizontal and Bottom-up Europeanization in Flemish Local Government’, Paper Submitted for Presentation at the 63rd Political Studies Association Annual Conference 25-27 March 2013, Cardiff.
29. Van den Brande, K. H. Bruyninckx and S. Happaerts, ‘Introduction’ in H. Bruyninckx, S. Happaerts, K. Brande, K. van den Brande (eds.) Sustainable Development and Subnational Governments Policy-Making and Multi-Level Interactions, UK, Palgrave, 2012.
30. Van der Heiden, N. ‘A Multi-level Governance Analysis of Urban Foreign Policy – The Role of the EU in City-to-City Cooperation’, paper presented at the conference “the road to Europe: Main Street or Backward Alley for Local Governments in Europe”, Ghent, 30 April 2010, (http://www.zora.uzh.ch/44096/1/Paper_Ghent_def_NicovanderHeiden-1.pdf) last visited 12.08.2015.
31. Varney, M. ‘United Kingdom – Local government in England: Localism delivered?’ in C. Panara and M. Varney, Local Government in Europe – The ‘Fourth Level’ in the EU Multi-Layered System of Governance, London and New York, Routledge, 2013.
32. Vetter, A. and N. Kersting, ‘Democracy versus efficiency? Comparing local government reforms across Europe’ in N. Kersting and A. Vetter (eds.), Reforming Local Government in Europe – Closing the Gap between Democracy and Efficiency, Opladen, Springer, 2003.