The Effects of Networks and Social Capital on Social Cohesion from The Perspective of Feminization of Migration

Öz

The concept of migration which has social, political, economic and cultural aspects and effects causes great transformations in societal dynamics in both sending and receiving countries. Social, political, spatial and economic structures which occurs after the migration process both affects the immigrants and the people of the host country. The reasons behind the migration from both male and female perspectives, the course of migration and the politics of the receiving country affects the integration and social cohesion dynamics of the migrants. Nearly half of the population of migrants consists of women and they participate the migration process as qualified or unqualified attributes and can be in different statuses such as being a refugee or an immigrant. In this article the network theory and social capital concepts is discussed for their roles in coping mechanisms of women under disadvantaged situations and their positive and negative effects in adaptation of women into the new society and their roles in women’s achievement of social cohesion. Implementation of the programs aiming to strengthen the position of migrant women in society is suggested.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• women
• migration
• network
• social capital
• social work

KADINLAŞAN GÖÇ OLGUSUNDA AĞBAĞLARIN VE SOSYAL SERMAYENİN SOSYAL UYUM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Öz

Toplumsal, siyasal, ekonomik, kültürel özellikler ve etkiler barındıran göç; hem göç veren hem de göç alan toplumların dinamiklerinde değişime neden olmaktadır. Göç süreci sonrasında ortaya çıkan sosyal, politik, mekânsal ve ekonomik yapılar hem göçmenleri hem de ev sahibi ülkenin insanlarını etkilemektedir. Kadın ve erkek açısından göç nedenleri, göç etme süreci ve göç edilen ülke politikaları, göçmenlerin entegrasyonunu ve sosyal uyumunu etkilemektedir. Göç eden nüfusun yaklaşık yarısı kadınlardan oluşmakta ve kadınlar vasıflı ya da vasıfsız nitelikte, mülteci, göçmen gibi farklı statülerle göç sürecine katılmaktadırlar. Kadının göç sürecinde ve göç sonrasında yaşadığı dezavantajlı durumlarla mücadele edebilmesinde ağbağ (network) kuramı ve sosyal sermaye kavramlarının, kadının göç ettiği yeni topluma uyum gösterebilmesinde ve toplumsal bütünleşmenin sağlanmasında oynadığı roller olumlu ve olumsuz yönleriyle bu makalede ele alınmaktadır. Kadın göçmenlerin toplum içinde güçlendirilmesini amaçlayan programların hayata geçirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kadın
• göç
• ağbağ
• sosyal sermaye
• sosyal çalışma

Kaynakça

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