Evaluation of Athletic Performance Training Applied to 15-17 Year Old Wrestlers with Wrestling Specific Performance Test (SWPT)

Öz

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of athletic performance training applied to wrestlers aged 15–17 years using the Specific Wrestling Performance Test (SWPT). Fifteen male athletes (mean age = 15.93±0.88 years; mean height = 174.53±7.53 cm) from Isparta Municipality Sports Club, who regularly participated in weekly training sessions, voluntarily took part in the study. Pre- and post-test measurements were conducted for push-up, sit-up, back extension, jump, pull-up, double-leg vertical jump, right-leg vertical jump, left-leg vertical jump, squat jump, leg strength, back strength, standing long jump, right and left handgrip strength, sit-and-reach flexibility, SJFT 15 s, SJFT1 30 s, SJFT2 30 s, SJFT total throws, SJFT maximum heart rate, SJFT 1-min heart rate, SJFT 2-min heart rate, SJFT index, and relative SJFT index parameters. The normality of data distribution was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and since the data showed normal distribution, Paired Sample T-Test was employed for pre- and post-test comparisons. Significant differences were found in push-up, sit-up, back extension, jump, left-leg vertical jump, squat jump, leg strength, right and left handgrip strength, sit-and-reach flexibility, SJFT 15 s, SJFT total throws, SJFT maximum heart rate, SJFT 1-min heart rate, SJFT 2-min heart rate, SJFT index, and relative SJFT index values (p<0.01). However, no significant differences were observed in pull-up, double-leg vertical jump, right-leg vertical jump, back strength, standing long jump, SJFT1 30 s, and SJFT2 30 s (p>0.05). In conclusion, athletic performance training applied to wrestlers aged 15–17 years positively affected some performance parameters as measured by the SWPT, resulting in statistically significant improvements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Wrestling
• athletic performance
• SWPT

15-17 Yaş Güreşçilerde Uygulanan Atletik Performans Antrenmanlarının Güreşe Özgü Performans Testi (SWPT) ile Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 15-17 yaş güreşçilerde uygulanan atletik performans antrenmanlarının Güreşe Özgü Performans Testi (SWPT) ile değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmaya Isparta Belediye Spor Kulübü’nde güreş sporu ile uğraşan, haftalık düzenli antrenmanlarını gerçekleştiren yaş ortalaması 15,93±0,88 yıl, boy ortalaması ise 174,53±7,53 cm olan 15 erkek sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Deneklerin şınav, mekik, ters mekik, sıçrama, barfiks, çift ayak dikey sıçrama, sağ ayak dikey sıçrama, sol ayak dikey sıçrama, squat dikey sıçrama, bacak kuvveti, sırt kuvveti, durarak uzun atlama, sağ-sol el kavrama kuvveti, otur-eriş esneklik, SJFT 15 sn, SJFT1 30 sn, SJFT2 30 sn, SJFT toplam atış, SJFT maksimum nabız, SJFT 1 dk nabız, SJTF 2 dk nabız, SJFT endeksi ve SJFT bağıl endeksi parametreleri ön-son test ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi ile incelenmiş, normal dağılım göstermesi üzerine ön-son test karşılaştırmalarında Paired Sample T-Test uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada şınav, mekik, ters mekik, sıçrama, sol ayak dikey sıçrama, squat dikey sıçrama, bacak kuvveti, sağ el kavrama, sol el kavrama kuvveti, otur-eriş esneklik, SJFT 15 sn, SJFT toplam atış, SJFT maksimum nabız, SJFT 1 dk nabız, SJTF 2 dk nabız, SJFT endeksi ve SJFT bağıl endeksi değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilirken (p<0,01), barfiks, çift ayak dikey sıçrama, sağ ayak dikey sıçrama, sırt kuvveti, durarak uzun atlama, SJFT1 30 sn ve SJFT2 30 sn değerlerinde anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç olarak, çalışmada 15-17 yaş arası güreşçilere uygulanan atletik performans antrenmanlarının SWPT ile incelenmesi neticesinde bazı parametreleri pozitif yönde etkilediği ve istatistiksel olarak önemli değişiklikler meydana getirdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Güreş
• atletik performans
• SWPT

Kaynakça

1. Abate, M., Silbernagel, K. G., Siljeholm, C., et al. (2009). Pathogenesis of tendinopathies: Inflammation or degeneration. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 11(3), 235.
2. Ackland, T. R., Lohman, T. G., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Maughan, R. J., Meyer, N. L., Stewart, A. D., & Müller, W. (2012). Current status of body composition assessment in sport: Review and position statement on behalf of the ad hoc research working group on body composition health and performance, under the auspices of the IOC Medical Commission. Sports Medicine, 42, 227–249.
3. Aydos, L., Taş, M., Akyüz, M., & Uzun, A. (2009). Investigation of the relationship between strength and some anthropometric parameters in young elite wrestlers. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4), 1–8.
4. Bali, A. S., Singh, L., Singh, G., & Singh, B. (2018). Norms and grades under normal distribution for basic movement patterns of freestyle wrestling player. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 4(1), 100–108.
5. Bayraktar, İ., Kahraman, E., & Deliceoğlu, G. (2011). Güreşte norm değerler (1. Basım). Ankara: Ata Ofset Matbaacılık.
6. Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(11), 2633–2651.
7. Callan, S. D., Brunner, D. M., Devolve, K. L., Mulligan, S. E., Hesson, J., Wilber, R. L., & Kearney, J. T. (2000). Physiological profiles of elite freestyle wrestlers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(2), 162–169. Çebi, M. (2018). Serbest stil güreşçilerde hız ve çevikliğin müsabaka başarısına etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(2), 115–123.
8. Çelebi, M. (2024). Antrenman biliminde performans üzerine analitik incelemeler: Güreşe özel performans testleri. In C. S. Aslan & İ. Karakulak (Eds.), Güreşe özel performans testleri (pp. 49–61). İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları.

9. Dehnou, V. V., Azadi, S., Gahreman, D., & Doma, K. (2020). The effect of a 4-week core strengthening program on determinants of wrestling performance in junior Greco-Roman wrestlers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 33(3), 423–430.
10. Demirel, H. A., & Koşar, N. G. (2006). İnsan anatomisi ve kineziyoloji (2. baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
11. Francino, M., Garcia-Buñuel, J., Alcaraz, P. E., & Martínez-Ruiz, E. (2022). Development and reliability of a wrestling-specific fitness test: The Special Wrestling Fitness Test (SWFT). International Journal of Wrestling Science, 12(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2022
12. Grindstaff, T. L., & Potach, D. H. (2006). Prevention of common wrestling injuries. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 28(4), 20–28.
13. Herrera-Valenzuela, T., López-Fuentes, M., Valenzuela, P. L., & Ramirez-Campillo, R. (2023). Relationship between the special wrestling fitness test and ventilatory thresholds in wrestlers. Biology of Sport, 40(1), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023
14. Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Franchini, E., Valdés-Badilla, P., Ojeda-Aravena, A., Pardo-Tamayo, C., Zapata-Huenullán, C., & Sanchez-Ramirez, C. (2023). Relation between VT1, VT2, and VO₂max with the Special Wrestling Fitness Test in youth wrestlers: A short report. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2570.
15. Horswill, C. A. (1992). Applied physiology of amateur wrestling. Sports Medicine, 14, 114–143.
16. Issurin, V. B. (2010). New horizons for the methodology and physiology of training periodization. Sports Medicine, 40(3), 189–206.
17. Karimi, M. T. (2003). Evaluation of the applicability of the Special Judo Fitness Test to wrestling. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2(2), 45–50.
18. Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2004). Fundamentals of resistance training: Progression and exercise prescription. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(4), 674–688.
19. Koç, H. (1995). Güreşçilerde kol ve önkol kaslarının maksimum kuvvet ve kassal dayanıklılığının geliştirilmesinin araştırılması (Doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
20. Marković, G., Jukić, I., Milanović, Z., & Sporiš, G. (2020). Reliability and validity of the Special Wrestling Fitness Test. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(9), 2501–2507. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003662
21. Marković, G., Jukić, I., Milanović, Z., & Sporiš, G. (2022). Discriminative ability of the SWFT among wrestlers of different competition levels. Journal of Human Kinetics, 83, 121–129. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0057
22. Matveev, D. A., Potsipun, A. A., Oshina, O. V., & Levitsky, A. G. (2018). Throw technique biomechanics in competitive wrestling. Theory and Practice of Physical Culture, (6), 30–30.
23. Mirzaei, B., Curby, D. G., Rahmani-Nia, F., & Moghadasi, M. (2009). Physiological profile of elite Iranian junior freestyle wrestlers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(8), 2339–2344.
24. Nikooie, R., Cheraghi, M., & Mohamadipour, F. (2017). Physiological determinants of wrestling success in elite Iranian senior and junior Greco-Roman wrestlers. Martch, 57(3), 219–226.
25. Pallares, J. G., Lopez, J. M., Muriel, G. X., & Izquierdo, A. D. (2011). Physical fitness factors to predict male Olympic wrestling performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111, 1747–1758.
26. Pallares, J. G., Lopez, J. M., Torres, M. D., & Izquierdo, M. (2012). Physical fitness factors to predict female Olympic wrestling performance and sex differences. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(3), 794–803.
27. Sassi, R. H., Dardouri, W., Yahmed, M. H., Gmada, N., Mahfoudhi, M. E., & Gharbi, Z. (2009). Relative and absolute reliability of a modified agility T-test and its relationship with vertical jump and straight sprint. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1644–1651.
28. Skugor, M., Vučetić, V., & Bianco, A. (2023). Associations between anaerobic capacity and SWFT performance in elite wrestlers. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 23(4), 567–578. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2023
29. Sterkowicz, S. (1995). Test specjalnej sprawności ruchowej judoków. Antropomotoryka, 12, 29–44.
30. Sterkowicz, S., & Starosta, W. (2005). Selected factors influencing the level of general fitness in elite Greco-Roman wrestlers. Journal of Human Kinetics, 14, 93–104.
31. Şahiner, M. (2019). Türkiye A milli güreş takımındaki sporcuların ağırlık kaybı dönemlerindeki beslenme ve kaygı durumları arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
32. Valenzuela, P. L., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., & Ramirez-Campillo, R. (2020). The relevance of the Special Wrestling Fitness Test in the monitoring of training and competition readiness. Sports, 8(6), 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8060085
33. Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2018). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (7th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
34. Yoon, J. (2002). Physiological profiles of elite senior wrestlers. Sports Medicine, 32, 225–233.
35. Young, W., & Farrow, D. (2006). A review of agility: Practical applications for strength and conditioning. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 28(5), 24–29.