ERYTHRAİ ROMA DÖNEMİ TİCARİ AMPHORALARI (1977-1988 KAZILARI)

Öz

Heredotus’un bahsettiği 12 Ion kentinden biri olan Erythrai, İzmir’in Çeşme ilçesinin hemen kuzeyindeki Ildırı körfezinde, Karaburun (Mimas) yarımadasının Khios (Sakız) Adası’na bakan batı kıyısında yer alır. Erythrai’da yürütülmüş geçmiş dönem kazılarıyla gün yüzüne çıkmış Roma Dönemi ithal ticari amphoraları, bu makalenin konusunu oluşturur. Erken İmparatorluktan MS 7. yüzyıla kadar uzanan ithal amphora gruplarının yoğunluğu (Khios, Rhodos, Kapitan II, LR 2, LR 3, Ephesus 56, Samos-Cistern/Agora M 273, Pinched-Handle (Zemer 41), Agora M54, LR 1, LR 4, LR 5-6, Berythus ve Agora M 334, Spatheia, Amrit, Zeest 80, Castrum-Perti, Dressel 24, Bag-Shaped), tarihsel süreç içerisinde Kent'le ticari ilişkiler yürüten merkezlerin ticaretteki paylarının değişiminin göstergesidir. Khios ile aynı tarihlerde amphora üretimi yapan Erythrai’da, yerel üretim Dressel 24 Similis amphoralarının yanı sıra Khios’da üretilmiş örneklerinde varlığı oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Bunun yanı sıra Meander Vadisi bölgesi üretimlerinden Agora F65-LR 3 amphoralarının kronolojik tüm çeşitlerinin de varlığı bölgedeki yoğun ticari ilişkiyi gözler önüne serer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ionia
• Erythrai
• Roma Amphoraları
• Roma Dönemi
• Ticari İlişki

ERYTHRAI ROMAN PERIOD COMMERCIAL AMPHORAE (1977-1988 EXCAVATIONS)

Öz

Erythrai, one of the 12 Ionian cities mentioned by Herodotus, is located on the West coast of the Karaburun (Mimas) peninsula, overlooking the Chios (Chios) Island, in the Ildırı Gulf, just North of the Modern Çeşme district of İzmir. The subject of this article is the imported commercial amphoras from the Roman Period, which were unearthed during the past excavations in Erythrai. The density of imported amphora groups dating from the Early Empire to the 7th century AD (Chios, Rhodos, Kapitan II, LR 2, LR 3, Ephesus 56, Samos-Cistern/Agora M 273, Pinched-Handle (Zemer 41), Agora M54, LR 1, LR 4, LR 5-6, Berythus ve Agora M 334, Spatheia, Amrit, Zeest 80, Castrum-Perti, Dressel 24, Bag-Shaped) is an indicator of the change in the trade shares of the centers that carried out commercial relations with the city throughout the historical process. In Erythrai, which produced amphorae at the same time as Chios, the presence of locally produced Dressel 24 Similis amphoras as well as examples produced in Chios is quite remarkable. In addition, the presence of all chronological variants of Agora F65-LR 3 amphorae from the Meander Valley reveals the intense commercial relationship in the region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ionia
• Roman Amphorae
• Roman Period
• Commercial Relationship
• Ionia
• Erythrai
• Roma Amphoraları
• Roma Dönemi
• Ticari İlişki

Kaynakça

1. Akurgal 1979 E. Akurgal, Erythrai: an Ancient Ionian City, İzmir 1979.
2. Alexandrescu 1957 P. Alexandrescu, “Sectorul necropolei tumulare”, Şantierul arheologic Histria, MCA 4, 1957, 55-69.
3. Alkaç 2012 E. Alkaç, “Korkyros (Kilikia) Yüzey Araştırmalarında Bulunan LR1 Amphoraları”, Olba XX, 2012, 323-344.
4. Alkaç 2013 E. Alkaç, “Silifke Müzesi’nden Doğu Akdeniz Üretimi Amphoralar”, Cedrus I, 2013, 107-124.
5. Alpözen 1975 T. O. Alpözen, “Bodrum Müzesi Ticari Amphoraları”, TAD XXII-2, 1975, 5-32.
6. Alpözen ve diğ.1995 T. O. Alpözen – A. H. Özdaş – B. Berkaya, Bodrum Sualtı Arkeoloji Müzesi Ticari Amphoraları, Ankara 1995.
7. Annis 1975 M. B. Annis, “Amphora Sixti”, Festoen Opgedragen aan A.N. Zadoks-Josephus Jitta bij haar zeventigste verjaardag, Scripta Archaeologica Groningana 6, 1975, 29-40.
8. Arsen’eva – Naumenko 1992 T. M. Arsen’eva – S. A. Naumenko, Usad’by Tanaisa, Moscow, 1992.

9. Arthur – Patterson 1998 P. Arthur – H. Patterson, “Local pottery in southern Puglia in the sixth ans seventh centuries”, Ceramica in Italia: VI–VII secolo. Atti del Convegno in onore di John W. Hayes, Roma 11–13 maggio 1995, (Ed. L. Saguì), Firenze 1998, 511-530.
10. Arthur 1989 P. Arthur, “Aspects of Byzantine Economy: An Evaluation of Amphora Evidence from Italy”, Rechercher sur la Céramique Byzantine, (Eds. V. Déroche – J. M. Spieser), Paris 1989, 79-93.
11. Arthur 1992 P. Arthur, “La produzione di anfore bizantine”, Archeologia Medievale XIX, 103-110.
12. Arthur 1998 P. Arthur, “Eastern Mediterranean Amphorae between 500 and 700: A View From Italy”, Ceramica in Italia: 6-7 Secolo. Atti Del Convegno in Onore Di John W. Hayes, Roma, 11-13 Maggio 1995, (Ed. L. Sagui), Firenze 1998, 157-184.
13. Arthur 2005 P. Arthur, Roman amphorae. A digital resource (University of Southampton 2005) https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/amphora_ahrb_2005/details.cfm?id=287&CFID=f55d26c9-d2b5-4da8-bfde-9f484dcbc279&CFTOKEN=0
14. Auriemma 1998 R. Auriemma, “Un carico di anfore Keay LII nelle acque dello Ionio”, Ceramica in Italia: 6-7 Secolo. Atti Del Convegno in Onore Di John W. Hayes, Roma 11-13 Maggio 1995, (Ed. L.Saguì), 1998, 753-760.
15. Auriemma ve diğ. 2012 R. Auriemma – V. Degrassi – E. Quiri, “Produzione e Circolazione di anfore in Adriatico tra III e IV Secolo: Dati da Contesti Emblematici”, Ceramica Romana nella Puglia Adriatica, (Ed. C. S. Fioriello), Bari 2012, 255-298.
16. Auriemma – Quiri 2004 R. Auriemma – E. Quiri, “Importazioni di anfore orientali nell’Adriatico tra primo e medio impero”, Transport Amphorae and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. Acts of the International colloquium at the Danish Institute at Athens, September 26–29, 2002, Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 5, (Ed. J. Eiring – J. Lund), Aarhus 2004, 43–55.
17. Bădescu 2013 A. Bădescu, Amfore orientale de tip Kapitän II descoperite la Histria în Sectorul Basilica extra muros, Materıale Şı Cercetărı Arheologıce (serie nouă), IX, 2013, 189–198.
18. Bădescu – Bivolaru 2015 A. Bădescu – A. Bivolaru, “Oriental Amphorae Discovered At Histria in the Acropolis Centre-South Sector (2014)”, Materıale Şı Cercetărı Arheologıce (serie nouă), XI, 2015, 193-294.
19. Ballet – Picon 1987 P. Ballet – M. Picon, “Recherches Preliminaires sur les Origines de la Céramique des Kellia (Egypte)”, CCE, Tome 1, 1987, 17-47.
20. Barnea 1966 I. Barnea, "L'ln cendie d e la Cite de D in o getia a u V 1-e siec le'', Dacia N . S„ 237-260.
21. Bass 1982 G. F. Bass, “The Pottery”, (Ed. G. F. Bass – F. H. Van Doorninck) Yassı Ada, Volume I, A Seventh-Century Byzantine Shipwreck, Teksas 1982, 155-188.
22. Bayburtluoğlu 1975 C. Bayburtluoğlu, Erythrai, Ankara 1975.
23. Baylan 2008 S. Baylan, 2006-2007 Tralleis Kazılarında Ele Geçen Amphoralar (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Aydın 2008.
24. Beltran 1970 M. Beltrán Lloris, Las Ánforas R omanas en España, Zaragoza 1970.
25. Bernard – Jézégou 2006 H. Bernard – M. P. Jézégou, “The West Embiez 1 Shipwreck. A complementary Cargo of vintage wine amphoras at the transition from the 2nd to the 3rd century AD”, Skyliss 2006,140-145.
26. Bertrand 1995 E. Bertnard, “Nouvelles Données Pour l’identification de l’amphore Dressel 24”, RAE, 46, 1995, 357-360.
27. Bezeczky 2004 T. Bezeczky, “Early Roman Food Import in Ephesus. Amphorae from the Tetragonos Agora”, Transport Amphorae and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. Acts of the International Colloquium at the Danish Institute at Athens, September 26–29, 2002, Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 5, (Ed. J. Eiring – J. Lund), Aarhus 2004, 85–97.
28. Bezeczky 2005 T. Bezeczky, “Late Roman Amphora from the Tetragonos-Agora in Ephesus”, Spätantike und mittelalterliche Keramik aus Ephesos, (Ed. F. Krizinger), 2005, 203-229.
29. Bezeczky 2013 T. Bezeczky, The Amphorae of Roman Ephesus, FiE XV/1, Wien 2013.
30. Bjelajac 1996 L. Bjelajac, Amfore gornjomezijskog Podunavlja (Amphorae of the Danubian basin in Upper Moesia), Beograd 1996.
31. Bonifay – Pieri 1995 M. Bonifay – D. Pieri, “Amphores du Ve au VIIe s. à Marseille: Nouvelles Données Sur La Typologie Et Le Contenu”, JRA 8, 1995, 94 120.
32. Bonifay 1986 M. Bonifay, “Observations sur les amphores Tardives á Marseille d’aprés les Fouilles de la Bourse”, RAN 19, 1986, 269-305.
33. Bonifay 2003 M. Bonifay, “La Céramique Africaine, Un Indice du Développement économique?”, AnTard 11, 2013, 113-128.
34. Bonifay 2004 M. Bonifay, Études sur la céramique romaine tardive d’Afrique BAR IntlSer 1301, Oxford 2004.
35. Bonifay 2010 M. Bonifay, “Avancees dans l’etude des ceramiques africaines de l’Antiquite tardive (IIIe-VIIe s.)”, Κεραμική της Ύστερης Αρχαιότητας από τον ελλαδικό χώρο (3ος-7ος αι. μ. Χ.) επιστημονική συνάντηση, Θεσσαλονίκη, 12-16 Νοεμβρίου, (Ed. D. Papanikola-Bakirtzis – D. Kousoulakou), 2010, 37- 64.
36. Bonifay 2016 M. Bonifay, “Amphores de l’Afrique romaine: nouvelles avancées sur la production, la typochronologie et le contenu”, Amphorae ex Hispania: paisajes de producción y consumo, (Ed. R. Járrega – P. Berni), Tarragona 2016, 595-611.
37. Bonora ve diğ. 1988 E. Bonora – C. Falcetti – F. Ferretti – A. Fossati – G. Imperiale T. Mannoni – G. Murialdo – G. Vicino, “Il “castrum” tardo-antico di S. Antonino di Perti, Finale Ligure (Savona): fasi stratigrafiche e reperti dell’area D. Seconde notizie preliminari sulle campagne di scavo 1982-1987”, Archeologia Medievale XV, 335-396.
38. Böttger 1992 B. Bottger, “Die Kaiserzeitlichen und Spatantiken Amphoren aus dem Kerameikos”, AM 107, 1992, 315-381.
39. Cankardeş-Şenol 2006 G. Cankardaş-Şenol, Klasik ve Helenistik Dönem’de Mühürlü Amphora Üreten Merkezler ve Mühürleme Sistemleri, İstanbul 2006.
40. Capelli 1998 C. Capelli, Analisi minero-petrografiche, Appendice a Saguì 1998, 331-333.
41. Carandini ve diğ. 1968 A. Carandini – E. Fabbricotti – Carlo Gasparri – M.G. Tatti – M. Gianelli – M. Paola Moriconi – B. Palma – C. Panella – M. Polia – A. Ricci, Ostia I, Le terme del nuotatore, scavo dell'ambiente IV, Studi Miscellanei 13, 1968.
42. Carlson 2003 D. N. Carlson, The Classical Greek Shipwreck at Tektaş Burnu, Turkey” AJA 107, 2003, 581- 600.
43. Castiglioni ve diğ. 1992 E. Castiglioni – XX, Il “castrum” tardo-antico di S. Antonino di Perti, Finale Ligure (Savona): terze notizie preliminari sulle campagne di scavo 1982-1991, Archeologia Medievale, XIX, 279- 368.
44. Chkhaidze 2012 V. N. Chkhaidze, Phanagoria. İn VI-X centuries, Moscow 2012.
45. Cipolato 2013/2014 A. Cipolato, Altino survey 2012: le anfore italiche, egeo-orientali e galliche, Tesi di Laurea, Venezia 2013/2014.
46. Cirelli 2009 E. Cirelli, “Anfore globulari a Classe nell'Alto Medioevo”, V. Congresso Nazionale di Archeologia Medievale. Palazzo della Dogana, Salone del Tribunale (Foggia), Palazzo dei Celestini, Auditorium (Manfredonia), 30 settembre-3 ottobre, (Eds. G. Volpe – P. Favia), 2009, 563-568.
47. Costantini 2011 A. Costantini, “Le Anfore”, Archeologia in Piazza dei Miracoli. Gli scavi 2003-2009, (Eds. A. Alberti – E. Paribeni), Ghezzano 2011, 393-430.
48. Cramer 1832 J. A. Cramer, Geographical and Historical Description of Asia Minor, Oxford 1832.
49. Dalby 2003 A. Dalby, Food in the Ancient World from A to Z, London, New York 2003.
50. Demesticha 2005 S. Demesticha, “Some Thoughts on the Production and Presence of the Late Roman Amphora 13 on Cyprus”, Trade Relations in the Eastern Mediterranean from the Late Hellenistic Period to Late Antiquity: the Ceramic Evidence/ Acts from a Ph.D. seminar for young scholars, Sandjberg Manorhouse, 12-15 February 1998, (Eds. M.B. Briese – L.E. Vaag), Odense 2005, 169–178.
51. Demesticha 2010 S. Demesticha, “The cargo of shipwreck 7 in the Pagasitic gulf. A preliminary interpretation”, Proceedings of the Symposium: Late Antique Ceramics from Greece (3rd-7th c.c.), Thessaloniki, November 12th-16th 2006, vols.1–2, (Ed. D. Papanikola-Bakirtzi – N. Kousoulakou), Thessaloniki 2010, 131-142.
52. Demesticha 2014 S. Demesticha, “Late Roman Amphora Typology in Context”, LRCW 4, Volume I, BARIntSer. 2616 (I) (Eds. N. Poulou Papadimitriou – E. Nodarou – V. Kilikoglou), 2014 599-606.
53. Didioumi 2011 S. Didioumi, “Local production and imported pottery from Cos island, Greece (4th – 8th c. A.D.)”, Abstracts, Posters, LRWC 4 Thessaloniki, 7–10 April, Thessaloniki 2011, 73-74.
54. Doğer – Şenol 1997 E. Doğer – A. K. Şenol, “Rhodos Peraiasinda İki Yeni Amphora Atölyesi”, Arkeoloji Dergisi IV İzmir 1997, 59-73.
55. Doğer 1991 E. Doğer, Antik Çağda Amphoralar, İzmir 1991.
56. Donceva-Petkova 1989 L. Donceva-Petkova, “Frühbyzantinische Gefäßfunde im Dorf Odarci, Kreis Tolbuhin”, in: Izvestija na Narodnija Muzej Varna, 25 (40), 41-48.
57. Dupont 1982 P. Dupont, “Amphores commerciales archaiques de la Grece de l’est. La Parola del Passato”, FAsc. CCIV-CCVII, 1982, 193-209.
58. Dündar 2012 E. Dündar, “A Group of Amphorae from Side Museum and a New Type of Amphora: The Lycian Amphora?”, AA 2012/1, 43–61.
59. Dugonjic 2015 P. Dugonjic, “Rhodian amphorae in the Adriatic: a preliminary report on the evidence from Croatia”, Per Terram, Per Mare. Seaborne Trade and the Distribution of Roman Amphorae in the Mediterranean, (Ed. S. Demesticha), Uppsala 2015, 243-256.
60. Dyczek 1996 P. Dyczek, “Novae. Une forteresse de la Premiere Legion Italique. Remarques concernant les amphores româines aux Ier—IIIe siâcles ap. J.-C.”, Revue des archeologues et historiens d’art de Louvain, 29 Louvain-la-Neuve 1996, 23-40.
61. Dyczek 2001 P. Dyczek, Roman Amphorae of the 1st-3rd Centuries AD Found on the Lower Danube. Typology, Warszawskiego 2001.
62. Dyczek 2007 P. Dyczek, “Late Roman Amphorae from the site of Valetudinarium at Novae”, LRCW II. BAR Int. Ser. 1662, (Eds. M. Bonifay – J.-Ch. Tréglia), Oxford 2007, 827-834.
63. Dyczek 2008 P. Dyczek, “On the origins of amphora Zeest 90/Dyczek 25 - ultimate solution?”, ReiCretActa 40, 2008, 515-521.
64. Dyczek 2010 P. Dyczek, Kapitan II From Novae-Between East and West, , LRCW 3, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean, (Eds. S. Menchelli – S. Santoro – M. Pasquinucci – G. Guiducci), 2010, 993-999.
65. Egloff 1977 M. Egloff, “La Potterie Copte. Quatre Siecles D’Artisanat et D’Echanges en Basse-Egypte”, Kellia III, 1977, 108-119.
66. Empereur – Hesnard 1987 J. Y. Empereur – A. Hesnard, Les amphores Hellénistiques. Céramiques Hellénistiques et Romaines, II, 1987, 9-70.
67. Empereur – Picon 1986 J. Y. Empereur – M. Picon, “A la recherche des fours d’amphores”, Resherches sur les Amphores Greques, BCH Suppl. XIII, (Eds. Y. Empereur – Y. Garlan), 1986, 103-126.
68. Empereur – Picon 1989 J. Y. Empereur – M. Picon, “Les régions de production d’amphores impériales”, Amphores romaines et histoire économique: dix ans de recherches, Actes du colloque de Sienne, 22–24 mai 1986, Rome and Paris, “L’Erma” di Bretschneide, (Ed. F. Zevi.), De Boccard 1989, 223–248.
69. Empereur – Picon 1992 J. Y. Emperur – M. Picon, “La reconnaissance des productions des ateliers céramiques: l’exemple de la Maréotide”, CCE 3, 1992, 145-152.
70. Ferrazzoli – Ricci 2010 A. F. Ferrazzoli – M. Ricci, “Un Centro di produzione delle anfore LR 1: Elaiussa Sebaste in Cilicia. Gli impianti, le anfore”, (Ed. S. Menchelli – S. Santoro – M. Pasquinucci – G. Guiducci), LRCW 3, BARIntSer 2185, Oxford 2010, 815-826.
71. Finkielsztejn 2001 G. Finkielsztejn, Chronologie détaillée et révisée des éponymes amphoriques rhodiens, de 270 à 108 av. J.-C. environ., BAR Int. Ser. 990, Oxford 2001.
72. Forster 2009 G. Forster, Roman Knossos: The Pottery in Context. A presentation of ceramic evidence provided by the Knossos 2000 Project, 1993-95.
73. Franke – Marathaki 1999 P. R. Franke – I. Marathaki, Wine and Coins in Ancient Greece, Athens 1999.
74. Gabler ve diğ. 2009 D. Gabler – P. Harshegyi – G. Lassanyi – P. Vamos, Eastern Mediterranean Importand Its Influence On Local Pottery In Aquıncum”, ActaArchHung 60, 2009, 51-72.
75. Gempeler 1992 R. D. Gempeler, Elephantine X, Die römischer bis früharabischer Zeit, Mainz 1992.
76. Grace 1973 V. Grace, “Imports from Pamphylia”, BCH, Supplément I, 1973, 183-208.
77. Grace 1979 V. Grace, Amphoras and Ancient Wine Trade 3, Princeton 1979.
78. Grigoraş – Panaite 2021 B. Grigoraş – A. Panaite, “The Late Roman Amphorae from Tropaeum Traiani, Sector A (north of the Basilica A), 2005–2016”, in: Materiale Şi Cercatari Arheologice, Serie Noua, Nr. XVII, 2021, 87-114.
79. Gülsefa 2016 G. Gülsefa, “2006-2013 Myndos Kazılarında Bulunan Amphoralar ve Amphora Mühür Buluntuları”, Myndoskazı ve Araştırmaları Myndos Excavatıons And Researches 2004-2013, (Ed. D. Şahin), 2016, 35-160.
80. Günsenin 1999 N. Günsenin, “From Ganos to Serçe Limanı: Social and economic activities in the Propontis during Medieval Times İlluminated by recent archaeological and historical discoveries”, InstNautAQ, 26.3, 1999, 18-23.
81. Hadjisavvas 1997 S. Hadjisavvas, Agia Napa, Excavations at Makronisos and the Archaeology of the Region, Nicosia, 1997.
82. Harshegyi 2008 P. Harshegyi, “Roman amphorae from the East along the ripa Pannonica”, ReiCretActa 40 2008, 173-178.
83. Hayes 1983 J. W. Hayes, “The villa Dionysos excavations, Knossos: the pottery”, BSA 78, 1983, 97–169.
84. Hayes 1991 J. W. Hayes, Paphos III. The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery, Nicosia 1991.
85. Hayes 1992 J. W. Hayes, Excavations at Saraçhane in Istanbul, Vol. 2, The Pottery, Princeton University Press 1992.
86. Heath – Tekkök 2007/08 S. Heath – B. Tekkök, “Greek, Roman and Byzantine Pottery at İlion (Troia), 2007-2008 Project Troia, 2011 (http://classiscs.uc.edu/troy/grbpottery)
87. Heimberg 1982 U. Heimberg, Die Keramik des Kabirions, Berlin 1982.
88. Heredotus Tarih (Çev. M. Ökmen), İstanbul, 2006.
89. Hoti ve diğ. 2008 A. Hoti – C. Capelli – M. Piazza, “Gli Spatheia di Dyrrachum”, ReiCretActa 40, 2008, 1-5.
90. IDR Inscriptiile Daciei Romane= Inscriptiones Daciae Romanae, Vol. II. Oltenia și Muntenia. Grigore Florescu – Constantin C. Petolescu, Bucharest 1977. Johanna Struber – İlhan 2018 İ. Johanna Struber – İlhan, “Keramik”, Das Odeion im Artemision von Ephesos. FiE XII/6, (Ed. L. Zabrana), Wien 2018, 107-173.
91. Kapitan 1972 G. Kapitan, “Le Anfore del Relitto Romano di Capo Ognina (Siracusa)”, içinde: P. Baldacci et al.,(Ed.) Recherches sur les Amphores Romaines, MEFRA Suppl. 10, Rome, 1972.
92. Karagiorgou 2001 O. Karagiorgou, “LR2: A Container fot the Miliitary Annona on the Danubian Border?”, Economy and Exchange in the East Mediterranean During Late Antiquity, Oxford, 29th May, 1999, (Eds. D. Kingsley – M. Decker), Oxford 2001, 129-166.
93. Keay 1984 S. J. Keay, Late Roman Amphorae in the Western Mediterranean. A Typoloy and Economic Study, The Catalan Evidence, BAR Int.Ser. 196, Oxford 1984.
94. Keay 1998 S. J. Keay, “African amphora”, Ceramica in Italia: VI–VII secolo. Atti del Convegno in onore di John W. Hayes, (Ed. L. Saguì), Roma 11–13 maggio 1995, 1998 141-155.
95. Kırkanlı 2021 E. Kırkanlı, “1977-1988 Erythrai Kazıları Ticari Amphora Buluntuları, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Klasik Arkeoloji Anabilimdalı (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Ankara, 2021.
96. Kızılarslanoğlu - Aytek 2018 Kızılarslanoğlu, H. A. - Aytek, A. İ., “Elaiussa Sebaste Üretimi “Geç Roma 1” Amphoralarının Geleneksel Tipoloji Yöntemi ve Geometrik Morfometrik Analizlerle Değerlendirilmesi”, MASROP 2018, 16-44.
97. Kirwan 1938 L. P. Kirwan, “The Pottery”, The Royal Tombs of Ballana and Qustul. Le Caire, (Ed. W. B. Emery - L. P. Kirwan), 1938, 286- 391.
98. Klenina 2010 E. Klenina, “Trade Relations Between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Region in the 3rd-6th Centuries AD in the Light of Ceramic Artifacts”, , LRCW 3, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean, (Ed. S. Menchelli – S. Santoro – M. Pasquinucci – G. Guiducci), 2010, 1005-1014.
99. Koparal 2014 E. Koparal, “Klazomenai Khora’sında Arazi Kullanımı ve Tarım Potansiyeli”, Arkeoloji’de Bölgesel Çalışmalar Sempozyum Bildirileri, (Ed. D. B. Erciyas – E. Sökmen), İstanbul 2014, 125–145.
100. Konstantinidou 2010 A. Konstantinidou, “Aspect of Everyday Life in a Monastic Settlement: Amphorae and Cooking Wares (4th-7th c.) from the Old Monastery of Baramus in the Wadi Natrun (Egypt): A First Glance”, LRCW 3, (Eds. S. Menchelli – S. Santora – M. Pasquinucci – G. Guiducci), Oxford, 2010, 951-961.
101. Krapivina 2009 V. Krapivina, “Amphorae of the 3rd-4th Centuries A.D. in Olbia Pontica”, PATABS I. Actes de la Table Ronde internationale de Batoumi et Trabzon, 27-29 Avril 2006. Varia Anatolica XXI, (Eds. D. Kassab-Tezgör – N. Inaishvili), Paris 2010, 69-73.
102. Ladstätter 2003 S. Ladstätter, “Zur Charakterisierung des Spätantiken Keramikspektrums im Ostalpenraum”, Frühe Kirchen im östlichen Alpengebiet, (Ed. H. R. Sennhauser), München 2003, 831–857.
103. Ladstätter 2005 S. Ladstätter, “Keramik”, Hanghaus 2 in Ephesos. Die Wohneinheit 4. Baubefund, Ausstattung, Funde, FiE 8-6, (Ed. H. Thür), Wien 2005, 230-358.
104. Ladstätter 2008 S. Ladstätter, “Funde. Römische, spätantike und byzantinische Keramik”, Das Vediusgymnasium in Ephesos. Archaologie und Baubefund, FiE 14/1, (Eds. M. Steskal – M. La Torre), Wien 2008, 97-186.
105. Ladstätter 2010 S. Ladstätter, “Keramik”, Hanghaus 2 in Ephesos. Die Wohneinhheiten 1 und 2. Baubefund, Ausstattung, Funde, FiE 8,8, (Ed. F. Krizinger), Wien 2010, 172-279.
106. Landgraf 1980 J. Landgraf, “La Céramique Byzantine”, Tell Keisan (1971-1976): une cité phenicienne en Galilée, (Ed. J. Briend – J. B. Humbert), Paris 1980, 51-88.
107. Lang 1976 M. Lang, Graffiti and Dipinti. The Athenian Agora. Vol XXI Princeton, New Jersey 1976.
108. Lemaitre 2000 S. Lemaitre, “Les Importations d’Amphores de Méditerranée Orientale à Lyon au IIIe siècle AP. J.-C.”, ReiCretActa 36, 2000, 467-476.
109. Lemaitre 2002 S. Lemaitre, “Recherche sur la diffusion en Gaule des amphores produites dans le sudquest de l’ anatolie a l’ epoque imperiale”, Ceramique Hellenistiques et Romaines TMO 35, Maison de l’Orient, 2002, 213-226.
110. Leonard 1995 Jr. A. Leonard, “The Ancohrage at Kioni”, Ancient Akamas I: Settlement and Enviroment, (Ed. J. Feijfer), Aarhus 1995, 133-170.
111. Lund 1993 J. Lund, “Pottery of the Classical. Hellenistic and Roman Periods”, The Land of the Paphian Aphrodite 2. The Canadian Palaipaphos Survey Project Artifact and Ecofactual Studies, SIMA 104, 2, (Eds. L. W. Sorensen – D. W. Rupp), Gothenburg 1993, 79-155.
112. Lund 2005 https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/amphora_ahrb_2005/details.cfm?id=10&CFID=2e28f9bd-f72c-4acd-8ab8-117d9b135602&CFTOKEN=0
113. Lund 2011 J. Lund, “Rhodian Transport Amphorae as a Source for Economic Ebbs and Flows in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Century BC”, The Economies of Hellenistic Societies, Third to First Centuries B.C., (Eds. Z.H. Archibald – J.K. Davies – V. Gabrielsen), Oxford 2011, 280-205.
114. Majcherek 1995 G. Majcherek, “Gazan amphorae: typology reconsidered”, Hellenistic and Roman pottery in the Eastern Mediterranean-Advances in Scientific Studies, Acts of the II Nieborow Pottery Workshop, (Eds. H. Meyza – J. Mlynarczyk), Warsaw 1993, 163-178.
115. Majcherek 2007 G. Majcherek, “Aegean and Asia Minor Amphorae from Marina el-Alamein”, Amphores D’Egypte de la Basse Epoque a l’epoque arabe, CCE 8, Vol I, (Eds. S. Marchand – A. Marangou), 2007, 9-32.
116. Manacorda 1975 D. Manacorda, “Proposta per Una Identificazione Dell’Anfora Dressel 24”, Archeologia Classica XXVII, 1975, 378-383.
117. Manacorda 1977 D. Manacorda, “Ambiente XVI. Le anfore, Ostia IV”, Studi Miscellanei 23, Roma 1977, 116-266. 277-283.
118. Martin-Kilcher 1994 S. Martin-Kilcher, Die römischen Amphoren aus Augst und Kaiseraygst. Die Amphoren für Wein, Fischauce, Südfrüchte (Gruppen 2-24) und Gesamtauswertung, FiA 7/2-3, Augst 1994.
119. Mayerson 1985 P. Mayerson, “The wine and vineyards of Gaza in Byzantine period”, BASOR 257, 1985, 75-80.
120. Mayerson 1991 P. Mayerson, “The Gaza ‘wine’ jar (gazition) and the ‘lost’ Ashkelon jar (askalonion), IEJ 42, 1991, 76-80.
121. Meriç 2002 R. Meriç, Spathellenistisch-Römische Keramik und Kleifunde aus Einem Schachtbrunnen am Staatsmarkt. FiE IX.3, Wien 2002.
122. Meriç 2018 E. Meriç, “Late Roman Pottery from the Theatre of Nicea in Bithynia”, Anatolia Antiqua XXVI, 2018, 69-87.
123. Meyza – Baginska 2013 H. Meyza – D. Baginska, “Roman Amphorae from the Polish Excavations at Nea Paphos, Maloutena: An Overview”, içinde: The Transport Amphorae and Trade of Cyprus, (Eds. M. L. Lawall – J. Lund), Aarhus 2013, 133-153.
124. Morton 1998 J. M. Morton, The Role of the Physical Environment in Ancient Greek Seafaring (University of Edinburgh, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi).
125. Mowat 2016 A. Mowat, The Late Roman Amphoras of Thrace: The Perspective from the Molyvoti Peninsula (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisansn Tezi Monitoba, 2016).
126. Murialdo 1995 G. Murialdo, “Alcune considerazioni sulle anfore africane di VII secolo dal ‘Castrum’ di S. Antonino nel Finale”, Archeologia Medievale 22, 433-453.
127. Murialdo 2001 G. Murialdo, “Le anfore da trasporto”, içinde: S. Antonino: un insediamento fortificato nella Liguria bizantina, (Eds. T. Mannoni – G. Murialdo), Bordighera 2001, 255-296.
128. Naumenko 2006 Naumenko, S. A. (2006). Amfory Iz Zakrytykh Kompleksov Tanaısa Seredıny III V.N.E‖. In, Pervaya Abkhazskaya Mezhdunarodnaya Arkheologıcheskaya Konferentsıya. (Ed. V. V. Bzhaniya), Suhum, 261-267.
129. Naumenko 2012 S. A. Naumenko, “Sostav Amfor V Zakiytykh Kompleksakh Tanaisa Kontsa I – Serediny III VV. N. E.”, Journal of Tanais, 3/2012, 63-88.
130. Negru ve diğ. 2003 M. Negru – A. Badescu – R. Avram, “Kapitan II Amphorae in Roman Dacia”, ReiCretActa 38, 2003, 209-214.
131. Oelmann 1914 F. Oelmann, Materialien, zur römisch-germanischen Keramik, Frankfurt 1914.
132. Opait – Paraschiv 2013 A. Opait – A. Tsaravopoulos, “On the Wine, Olive Oil and Fish Supply of the Countryside in Roman Dobrudja (1st-3rd Centuries AD)”, içinde: L. Buzoianu – P. Dupont – V. Lungu (Eds.) PATABS III (Constanta, 2013) 317-336.
133. Opait – Tsaravopoulos 2011 A. Opait – A. Tsaravopoulos, “Amphora of Dressel 24 Similis Type in the Central Aegean Area(Chios-Erythrai-Kyme)”, BSA Vol 106, 2011, 275-323.
134. Opait 1980 A. Opait, “Consideraţii preliminare asupra amforelor romane şi romano-bizantine din Dobrogea”, Peuce 8, 1980, 291–327.
135. Opait 1984 A. Opait, “Beobachtungen zur Entwicklung der zwei Amphoratypen”, Peuce 9, 1984, 311-327, 675-690.
136. Opait 1987 A. Opait, “Amfore romane de mare capacitate. Consideraţii tipologice”, Dacia 38, 245–258.
137. Opaiţ 1991 A. Opait, “Ceramica din Asezarea si Cetatea de la Independenta (Murghihiol) Secolele V I.e.n. - VII e.n.”, Peuce 10, 1991, 133–182.
138. Opait 1996 A. Opait, Aspecte ale vietii economice din provincia Scythia (secolele IV-VI p. Ch.). Producţia ceramicii locale şi de import. Bucharest:, Bibliotheca Thracologica, Bucarest 1996.
139. Opait 2004a A. Opait, Local and Imported Ceramics in the Roman Province of Scythia (4th-6th centuries AD), Oxford 2004.
140. Opait 2004b A. Opait, “The Eastern Mediterranean Amphorae in the Province of Scythia”, Transport Amphorae and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. Acts of the International colloquium at the Danish Institute at Athens, September 26–29, 2002, Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 5, (Eds. J. Eiring – J. Lund), Aarhus 2004, 293-308.
141. Opait 2007 A. Opait, “From DR 24 to LR 2 ?”, LRCW 2, (Eds. M. Bonifay – J.C. Tréglia), Oxford 2007, 627-643.
142. Opait 2009 A. Opait, “Aspect of the provisioning of the Pontic settlement with olive oil in the Hellenistic and Early Roman”, PATABS I. Actes de la Table Ronde internationale de Batoumi et Trabzon, 27-29 Avril 2006. Varia Anatolica XXI, (Eds. D. Kassab-Tezgör – N. Inaishvili), Paris 2009, 153-158.
143. Opait 2014 A. Opait, “The Baggy amphora Shape: A New Fashion?”, LRCW 4. BAR Int. Ser. 2616, (Eds. N. Poulou-Papadimitriou – E. Nodarou – V. Kilikoglou), Oxford 2014, 441-450.
144. Opait 2018 A. Opait, “Local and Imported Wine at Pompeiopolis, Paphlagonia”, ReiCretActa 2018, 701-713.
145. Opait et al. 2020 A. Opait – A. Barnea – I. Barnea – B. Grigoras – I. Porta, Supplying Wine, Olive Oil and Fish Products to The Lower Danube Frontier (2nd-7th Century AD): The Case of Dinogetia”, REI CRETARIÆ ROMANÆ FAVTORVM ACTA 46, 2020, 381-394.
146. Outschar 1996 U. Outschar, Dokumentation exemplarisch ausgewählter keramischer Fundkomplexe, içinde: C. Lang-Auinger, Hanghaus 1 in Ephesos. Der Baubefund, FiE 8,3, Wien 1996, 27-85.
147. Outhscar 1998 U. Outschar, RCRFragmenta, Beitrage zur Keramik in Ephesos, Herausgegeben anlablich des XXI.Internationalen RCRF-Kongres in Ephesos und Pergamon, Wien/Selçuk, 1998
148. Outschar 1996 U. Outschar, Dokumentation exemplarisch ausgewählter keramischer Fundkomplexe, içinde: C. Lang-Auinger, Hanghaus 1 in Ephesos. Der Baubefund, FiE 8,3, Wien 1996, 27-85.
149. Özgünel – Görkay 2006 C. Özgünel – K. Görkay, “2004 Yılı Erythrai Antik Yerleşimi Arkeolojik Araştırmaları”, 23. AST 2. Cilt, 2006, 239-248.
150. Palamida ve diğ. 2016 Ch. Palamida – F. K. Seroglou – M. L. Lawall – A. Yiannikouri, “The Emergence of Hellenistic Transport Amphoras: The Example of Rhodes”, IARPOTHP Vol I., (Eds. S. Japp – P. Kögler), Wien 2016, 135-150.
151. Panella 1972 C. Panella, “Annotazioni in magrine alle statigrafie dele terme Ostiensi del nuotatore. Recherches sur les Amphores Romaines”, CEFR 10, Rome 1972, 69,106.
152. Panella 1973 C. Panella, Appunti su un gruppo di anfore della prima, media e tarda eta Imperiale, Studi Miscellanei 21, Ostia III, Roma 1973, 460-633.
153. Panella 1986 C. Panella, “Oriente ed Occidente: Considerazioni su alcune anfore Egee de età imperiale a Ostia”, Resherches sur les Amphores Greques, BCH Suppl. XIII, (Eds. J. Y. Empereur – Y. Garlan), 1986, 609-636.
154. Papadopoulos 1989 J. K. Papadopoulos, “Roman Amphorae from the Excavations at Torone”, AE 128, 1989, 68-103.
155. Papuashvili 2009 R. Papuashvili, “Amphorae from the Mouth of the Khobi”, Patabs I. Production and Trade of Amphorae in the Black Sea. Actes de la Table Ronde internationale de Batoumi et Trabzon, 27-29 avril 2006, (Eds. D. Kassab Tezgör – N. Inaishvili), Istanbul 2010, 133-134.
156. Paraschiv 2002 D. Paraschiv, “Amfore Pontice Roman eşi Romano-Bizantine in Zona Dunarii de Jos”, AMold XXV, 2002, 165-207.
157. Paraschiv 2006 D. Paraschiv, Amfore romane și romano-bizantine în zona Dunării de Jos (sec. I-VII p. Chr.), Iași 2006.
158. Peacock – Wıllıams 1986 D. P. S. Peacock – D. F. Williams, Amphorae and the Roman Economy: An Introductory Guide, London 1986.
159. Peacock 1984 D. P. S. Peacock, “The Amphorae: Typology and Chronology”, Excavations at Carthage: The British Mission. The Pottery and Other Ceramic Objects from the Site. Vol I,2, Eds. M. G. Fulford – D. P. S. Peacock, Sheffield 1982, 116-140.
160. Pichot – Şenol 2015 V. Pichot – A. K. Şenol, “Amphores de Gaza et résine sur le site de production d’amphores du Haut-Empire d’Akadémie (Maréotide)”, BCE 25, 2015, 277-289.
161. Pieri 1998 D. Pieri, “Les Importations D’Amphores Orientales En Gaule Meridionale Durant L’Antiquite Tardive Et Le Haut-Moyen Age (IV-VII siecles apres J.-C.) Typologie, cronologie et contenu”, içinde: SFECAG, Actes Du Congres D’Istres, 1998, 97-106.
162. Pieri 2005 D. Pieri, Le Commerce du vin Oriental, A l’Epoque Byzantine (V e- VIIe siecles), Le Temoignage des Amphores en Gaule, Institute Francais du Proche-Orient, Bibliothèque Archéologique Et Historique T. 174, Beyrouth 2005.
163. Pieri 2007 D. Pieri, “Béryte dans le Grand Commerce Méditerranéen. Production et importation d’amphores dans le Levant protobyzantin (ve-viie s. ap. J.-C.)”, Topoi suppl. 8, 2007, 297-327
164. Plinius Naturalis Historia, I-XXXVII, (X Vol.). (Çev. H. Rackman) London: Great Britain.
165. Popilian 1976 Gh. Popilian, Ceramica romană din Oltenia, Craiova 1976.
166. Portale – Romeo 2000 E. C. Portale – I. Romeo, “Le Anfore Locali di Gortina Ellenistica e Romana”, ReiCretActa 36, 2000, 417-426.
167. Quiri 2015 E. Quiri, “Imports eastern transport amphorae to Turin (Italy)”, PER TERRAM, PER MARE. Seaborne Trade and the Distribution of Roman Amphorae in the Mediterranean, (Ed. S. Demesticha), Uppsala 2015, 161-180.
168. Raabe 1895 R. Raabe, Petrus der Iberer, Leipzig 1895.
169. Radulescu 1976 A. Rădulescu, “Amfore romane şi romano-bizantine din Scythia Minor”, Pontica, 9, 1976, 99-114.
170. Rauh ve diğ. 2006 N. K. Rauh – M. J. Dillion – C. Dore – R. Rothaus – M. Korsholm, “Viticulture, oleiculture and economic development in Roman Rough Cilicia”, Roman Rough Cilicia, Münster Beiträge fur Antike Handelsgeschichte 25, 49–98.
171. Reynolds 1999 P. Reynolds, “Pottery Production and Economic Exchange in 2nd Century Berytus: Some Preliminary Observations of Ceramic Trends from Quantified Ceramic Deposits from the Anglo-Lebanese excavations in Beirut”, Berytus 43, 1999, 35-110.
172. Reynolds 2000 P. Reynolds, “The Beirut Amphora Type, 1st Century BC-7th Century AD: An Outline of Its Formal Development and some Preliminary Observations of Regional Economic Trends” ReiCretActa, 36, 2000, 387-395.
173. Reynolds 2005 P. Reynolds, “Levantine amphorae from Cilicia to Gaza: a typology and analysis of regional production trends from the 1st to the 7th centuries”, LCRW 1, BAR Int. Ser. 1340, (Eds. J. M. Gurt i Esparraguera – J. Buxeda i Garrigos – M. A. Cau Ontiveros), Oxford, 2005 563–611.
174. Reynolds 2010 P. Reynolds, “Trade Networks Of The East, 3rd To 7th Centurıes: The Vıew From Beırut (Lebanon) and Butrınt (Albanıa) (Fıne Wares, Amphorae And Kıtchen Wares)”, LRCW 3, (Eds. S. Menchelli – S. Santoro – M. Pasquinucci – G. Guiducci), 2010, 89-114.
175. Reynolds – Pavlidis 2014 P. Reynolds – E. Pavlidis, “Nikopolis (Epirus Vetus): An Early 7th Century Pottery Assemblage from the “Bishop's House’ (Greece)”, LRCW 4, (Eds. N. Poulou-Papadimitriou – E. Nodarou – V. Kilikoglou), Oxford 2014, 451–467.
176. Reynolds ve diğ. 2008-2009 P. Reynolds – S. Yona – S. Lemaitre – H. Curvers – M. Roumié – B. Nsouli, “An early Imperial Roman pottery production site in Beirut (BEY 015): xhemical analyses and a ceramic typology”, Berythus 51, 2008-2009, 71-115.
177. Rife – Heath 2013-2020 J. L. Rife – S. Heath (eds.) (2013-2020). Kenchreai Archaeological Archive. The American Excavations at Kenchreai. http://kenchreai.org/kaa
178. Riley 1975 J. A. Riley, “The Pottery from the First Session of Excavation in the Caesarea Hippodrome”, BASOR 218, 1975, 25–63.
179. Riley 1979 J. A. Riley, The Coarse Pottery from Berenice, içinde: J. A. Lyod (ed.), Excavations at Sidi Khrebish Benghazi(Berenice) II, Libya Antiqua Suppl. 5, 2 (Tripoli 1979) 91-467.
180. Riley 1981 J. A. Riley, “The Pottery from the Cisterns 1977.1, 1977.2 and 1977.3”, içinde: J. H. Humphrey (Ed.) Excavations at Carthage, 1977, Conducted by the University of Michigan 6, Ann Arbor 1981, 85–124.
181. Rizzo 2014 G. Rizzo, “Le Terme del Nuotatore. Le anfore Ostia e I Commerci Mediterranei”, içinde: C. Panella (Ed.) OSTIA VI. Le Terme del Nuotatore, Roma 2014, 73-406.
182. Robinson 1959 H. Robinson, The Athenian Agora volume 5, Pottery of the Roman Period (Chronology), Princeton 1979.
183. Rothschild-Boros 1981 M. C. Rothschild-Boros, “The determination of amphora contents”, Archaeology and Italian society: Prehistoric, Roman and Medieval studies, BAR Int. Ser. 121, (Eds. G. Barker – R. Hodges), 1981, 79-89.
184. Rubinstein 2004 L. Rubinstein, “Ionia”, An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, (Eds. M. H. Hansen – T. H. Nielsen), Oxford 2004, 1053-1107.
185. Saguì 1998 L. Saguì, “Il deposito della Crypta Balbi: una testimonianza imprevedibile sulla Roma del VII secolo?”, Ceramica in Italia: VI–VII secolo. Atti del Convegno in onore di John W. Hayes, Roma 11–13 maggio 1995, (Ed. L. Saguì), 1998, 305–330.
186. Saguì 2002 L. Saguì, Roma, “I Centri Privilegiati e la Lunga Durata Della Tarda Antichita Dati Archeologici dal Deposito di VII Secolo nell’Esedra della Crypta Balbi”, Archeologia Medievale XXIX, 2002, 7-42.
187. Santamaria 1995 C. Santamaria, “L’épave Dramont “E” á Saint Raphaël (Ve siécle ap. J.-C.)”, Archaeonautica 13, 1995, 5-198.
188. Sarikakis 1989 Th.Ch. Sarikakis, Χιακή προσωπογραφία, Athens, 1989, Athens.
189. Sazanov 2007 A. Sazanov, “Les amphores orientales d'epoque protobyzantine au nord de la Mer Noire: chronologie et typologie”, LRCW 2. BAR Internat. Ser. 1662(I), (Eds. M. Bonifay – J.C. Tréglia), Oxford 2007, 803-815. Sazanov 2017a A. Sazanov, “Un ensemble de la fin du VIe siécle. Secteur nord de Chersonése (Crimée)”, içinde: LRCW 5, (Ed. D. Dixneuf), Alexandria 2015, 651-669.
190. Sazanov 2017b A. Sazanov, “Les amphores LRA 4. Problèmes de typologie et de chronologie”, LRCW 5, (Ed. D. Dixneuf). Alexandria 2015, 629-650.
191. Sciallano – Sibella 1994 M. Sciallano – P. Sibella, Amphores. Comment les identifier?, Edisud, 1994.
192. Scorpan 1975 C. Scorpan, “Ceramica romano-bizantină de la Sacidava”, Pontica 8, 1975, 263–313.
193. Scorpan 1976 C. Scorpan, “Origini şi linii evolutive în ceramica romano-bizantină (sec. IV-VII) din spaţiul mediteranean şi pontic,” Pontica 9, 1976, 155–185.
194. Scorpan 1977 C. Scorpan, “Contribution ă la connaissance de certains types cdramiques romano-byzantins (lVe-VIIe siâcles) dans I’espace istro-pontique”, Dacia, N. S. 21, 1977, 269-297.
195. Sevin 2016 V. Sevin, Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coğrafyası, Ankara 2016.
196. Shkodra 2006 B. Shkodra, “Ceramics from Late Roman Contexts in Durrës”, BSA 101, 2006, 427-457.
197. Slane 2000 K. W. Slane, “East-West Trade in Fine Wares and Commoditites: The View from Corinth”, ReiCretActa 36, 2000, 299–312.
198. Slane – Sanders 2005 K. W. Slane – Guy D. R. Sanders, “Late Roman Horizons” Hesperia 74.2, 2005, 243-297.
199. Steckner 1989 C. Steckner, “Les amphores LR 1 et LR 2 en relation avec le pressoir du complexe ecclésiastique des thermes de Samos”, Recherches sur la céramique byzantine, BCH Suppl. Au. XVIII, (Eds. V. Deroche – J. M. Spiezer), 1989, 57-71.
200. Strabon Geographika (çev. H.L.Jones), London 1949.
201. Swan 2010 V. G. Swan, “Dichin (Bulgaria): The Destruction Deposits and the Dating of Black Sea Amphorae in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries A.D.”, Patabs I. Actes de la Table Ronde internationale de Batoumi et Trabzon, 27-29 avril 2006, (Eds. D. Kassab Tezgör – N. Inaishvili), Istanbul 2010, 107-118.
202. Şenol – Kerem 2000 A. K. Şenol – F. Kerem, “İçel Müzesinde Bulunan Bir Grup Amphora”, Olba III, 81-114. Şenol 2000 A. K. Şenol, İskenderiye Kazılarında Ele Geçen Amphoralar Işığında Kentin Roma Dönemi Şarap, Zeytinyağı, Salamura, Balık ve Sos Ticareti (Ege Üniveristesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi İzmir).
203. Şenol 2003 A. K. Şenol, Marmaris Müzesi Ticari Amphoraları, Ankara 2003.
204. Şenol 2008 A. K. Şenol, “Cilician Commercial Relations with Egypt due to the New Evidence of Amphora Find”, Olba XVI, 109-131.
205. Şenol 2009 A. K. Şenol, AETAM’da (Arslan Eyce Tasucu Amphora Müzesi) bulunan ticari amphoralar ve Akdeniz’de ticaretin izleri, Silifke 2009.
206. Şenol 2015 A. K. Şenol, “Smyrna Kazılarında 2007-2011 Yılları Arasında Bulunan Ticari Amphoralar”, Smyrna/İzmir Kazı ve Araştırmaları I. Çalıştay Bildirileri, İstanbul 2015, 243-256.
207. Şenol 2018 A. K. Şenol, Commercial amphorae in the Greco-Roman Museum of Alexandria, Alexandria, 2018.
208. Tekkök ve diğ. 2001 B. Tekkök – S. Wallrodt – C. Y. Gündem – Ch. B. Rose, “Two Roman Wells in the Lower City of Ilion. Quadrats C29 and w28”, Studia Troica 11, 2001, 343–382.
209. Tekocak – Zoroğlu 2013 M. Tekocak – K. Levent Zoroğlu, “Kelenderis’te Bulunan Bir Grup Roma Dönemi Ticari Amphorası ve Düşündürdükleri”, Olba XXI, 2013, 109-140.
210. Tsaravopoulos 1986 A. N. Tsaravopoulos, “H archaia polei teis Chiou”, Hoρoς 4, 1986, 124-144.
211. Tsaravopoulos ve diğ. 2013 A. Tsaravopoulos – A. Opait – G. Fragou, “Stamps on Amphorae and Lagynoi Handles from the Island of Chios”, içinde: PATABS III, (Eds. L. Buzoianu – P. Dupont – V. Lungu), Constanta 2013, 105-143.
212. Tuna – Empereur 1989 N. Tuna – J.-Y. Empereur, “Datça/Reşadiye Antik Seramik Atölyeleri Kazısı, 1988”, AST 7, 1989, 555-567.
213. Vıdrıh Perko – Pavletic 2000 V. Vidrih Perko – M. Pavletic, “Report on ceramics from Brijuni”, ReiCretActa 36, 2000, 263-269.
214. Vılla 1998 L. Villa, “Alcuni aspetti della circolazione di prodotti di importazione in Friuli tra VI e VII secolo”, Ceramica in Italia: VI–VII secolo. Atti del Convegno in onore di John W. Hayes, Roma 11–13 maggio 1995, (Ed. L. Saguì), 1998, 275-288.
215. Vokaer 2017 A. Vokaer, “Late Roman amphorea from Apamea, Syria”, LRCW 5, (Ed. D. Dixneuf), Alexandria 2017, 799-803.
216. Williams 1982 D. F. Williams, “The Petrology of certain Byzantine amphorae: Some suggestions as to origins”, içinde: Colloque sur la céramique antique, Cathage 23-24th June 1980, Dossier 1, 1982, 99-110.
217. Williams 1990 D. F. Williams, “A Note on the Petrology of a Samos Cistern Type Amphora from Excavations at the Castello di Udine”, Aquileia Nostra, Anno LXI, 295-296, 1990.
218. Williams 2005 C. Williams, “Late Roman Amphora 1: a Study of Diversification”, Halicarnassian Studies III, Trade Relations in the Eastern Mediterranean from the Late Hellenistic Period to Late Antiquity: The Ceramic Evidence, (Eds. M. B. Briese – L. E. Vaag), Denmark 2005, 157- 168.
219. Williams 2014 F. Williams, A digital resource (University of Southampton) https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/amphora_ahrb_2005/cat_amph.cfm Zeest 1960 I. B. Zeest, Keramicheskaya tara Bospora (Materialy i issledovaniya po arheologii SSSR 83).
220. Zemer 1978 A. Zemer, Storage Jars in Ancient Sea Trade, Haifa 1978.
221. Žerjal 2008 T. Žerjal, “Eastern Imports in the Ager Tergestinus”, ReiCretActa 40, 2008, 131-140.
222. Zervoudaki 1985 H. Zervoudaki, “Efori Klasikon Arkhaiotiton Dodekaneson”, Archaiologikon Deltion 40, 1985, 396-406.