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CILICIAN CERAMIC PRODUCTION IN THE ROMAN PERIOD: POMPEİ V AMPHORA AND THE ELAIUSSA SEBASTE FINDS

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 1, 54 - 71, 28.12.2019

Öz

Due
to its position, the region of Cilicia was home to a number of settlements from
the Neolithic Period onward. In particular, metropoles like Kelenderis, Olba,
Soli Pompeiopolis, Korykos and Elaiussa Sebaste were found in Cilicia Tracheia,
which was a region of transition with an active trade life since the Roman
Period. Among those cities, Elaiussa Sebaste comes to the fore as a result of
its Roman period trade activities and Late Roman period production potential.
Most of the ceramic and amphora finds in Elaiussa Sebaste between the 1st and
3rd centuries AD are composed of regional productions. Dressel 2-4,
Agora G 198, Agora M 54, Zemer 41 and Pompei V amphorae make up a large group
of finds, in addition to Eastern Sigillata A Group forms. These new forms, used
to transport wine in the Mediterranean region, are evidence of increasing agricultural
investment in Cilicia encouraged by Rome. It is thought that the amphorae
produced in different capacities and forms were used to transport Cilician wine
of various sorts and qualities. In the Roman Imperial and Late Roman
- Early
Byzantine Periods, regional productions were imported to Greece, Italy, Africa,
the Aegean, the Black Sea Region, Syria and as far as India. In this paper, we
aim to address the Cilicia-produced Pompei V amphora form and to introduce the
finds discovered at Elaiussa Sebaste.

Kaynakça

  • Abadie-Reynal 1989 C. Abadie-Reynal, “Les Amphores Protobyzantines D’Argos (IVe-VIe siècles)”, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Supplément XVIII, Recherches sur la Céramique Byzantine, (Ed. V. Déroche - J. M. Spieser), Paris 1989, 47- 56.
  • Abadie-Reynal 1999 C. Abadie-Reynal, “Les Amphores Romaines en mer Noire (Ier - IVe s.)”, Production et Commerce des Amphores Anciennes en mer Noire, (Ed. Y. Garlan), Provence 1999, 255- 264.
  • Abadie-Reynal 2007 C. Abadie-Reynal, “La Céramique Romaine D’Argos (fin du IIe siècle avant J.-C. – fin du IVe siècle après J.-C.)”, Études Péloponnésiennes, XIII, Ecole Française D’Athenes, 2007.
  • Autret- Rauh 2008 C. Autret- N. Rauh, “Roman Amphora Production in Western Rough Cilicia”, Olive Oil and Wine Production in Anatolia During the Antiquity, International Symposium, (Ed. Ü. Aydınoğlu- A. K. Şenol), 06-08 November 2008, Mersin 2008, 109- 122.
  • Autret- Marangou 2011 C. Autret- A. Marangou, “L’Importation des Amphores Ciliciennes à Chypre à l’époque Impériale”, ETAIPEIA KYIIPIAKΩN ΣΠOYΔΩN, IIPAKTIKA TOY Δ’ΔIEΘNOYΣ KYIIPOΛOΓIKOY ΣYNEΔPIOY, 2011, 357- 366.
  • Autret 2015 C. Autret, “La Vigne, le Vin et les Amphores en Cilicie à L’Époque Romaine, Production et Diffusion du Ier s. av. J.-C. au IVe s. apr. J.-C.”, Archeologie Romaine, Université Paris – Sorbonne Université de Chyrpe, (Unpublished PhD Thesis), 2015.
  • Böttger 1992 B. Böttger, “Die Kaiserzeitlichen und Spätantiken Amphoren aus dem Kerameikos”, Mittelungen des Deutschen Archaologischen Instituts, 107, 1992, 315- 381.
  • Caro 1987 S. D. Caro, “Villa rustica in localita Petraro (Stabiae)”, Rivista Dell’Ist_tuto Nazionale D’Archeologia E Storia Dell’Ate, S. III, X, 1987.
  • Dündar 2012 E. Dündar, “A Group of Amphorae from Side Museum and a New Type of Amphora: The Lycian Amphora?”, Archäologischer Anzeiger 2012/1, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, 1. Halbband, 2012, 43- 61.
  • Empereur 1988 J. Y. Empereur, “Les Amphores completes du Musee d'Alexandrie: Importations et productions locales”, Commerce et artisanat dans l'Alexandrie Hellenistique et Romaine, Actes du Colloque d’Athènes, BCH Suppl. 33, 1988, 393-399.
  • Empereur- Picon 1989 J. Y. Empereur- M. Picon, “Les Regions de Production D'Amphores Impériales en Méditerranée Orientale”, Anfore Romane e Storia Economica: Un Decennio Di Ricerche, Collection De L’Ecole Française De Rome, 114, 1989, 224- 248.
  • Goldman 1950 H. Goldman, Excavation at Gözlükule, Tarsus, Volume I - II, The Hellenistic and Roman Periods, New Jersey 1950.
  • Grace 1961 V. Grace, Amphoras and the Ancient Wine Trade, American School of Classical Studies, Excavations of the Athenian Agora, 1961.
  • Hayes 1991 J. W. Hayes, “Commercial Amphorae: Hellenistic Types, Roman Types”, The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery, PAPHOS, Vol. III, Nicosia 1991, 58- 223.
  • Kızılarslanoğlu 2016 H. A. Kızılarslanoğlu, “Antik Çağ’da Elaiussa Sebaste’nin Amphora Üretimi ve Ticari İlişkileri”, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Erzurum 2016.
  • Liou- Sciallano 1989 B. Liou- M. Sciallano, “Le Trafic du Port de Fos Dans L’Antiquite: Essai D’Evaluation a Partir des Amphores”, S.F.E.C.A.G., Actes du Congres de Lezoux, 1989, 153- 167.
  • Majcherek 2007 G. Majcherek, “Aegean and Asia Minor amphorae from Marina el-Alamein”, CCE 8, 2007, 9- 31.
  • Medeksza 2008 S. Medeksza, “Marina el- Alamein, Conservation and Restoration Work in 2006”, Archaeological Control and Geoarchaeological Research, PAM 18, 2008.
  • Panella 1974 C. Panella, “Appunti su un Gruppo di Anfore della Prima, Media e Tarda Età Imperiale”, Ostia III: Le terme del Nuotatore: Scavo dell'ambiente V et di un saggio dell'area, Studi miscellenei, 21, 1973, 1974, 463-633.
  • Rauh 1999a N. K. Rauh, “Dağlık Kilikya Yüzey Araştırma Projesi: 1997 Sezonu Raporu”, Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı I, 25-29 Mayıs, 1998 Tarsus, Ankara 1999.
  • Rauh 1999b N. K. Rauh, “Rough Cilicia Regional Archaeological Survey Project”, Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 62, No. 1, 1999, 54-55.
  • Rauh - Slane 2000 N. K. Rauh, K. W. Slane, “Possible Amphora Kiln Sites in W. Rough Cilicia”, Journal of Roman Archaeology (JRA) 13, 2000, 319- 330.
  • Rauh 2004 N. K. Rauh, “Pirated Knock-offs: Cilician Imitations of Internationally Traded Amphoras”, Transport Amphorae and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean, (Ed J. Eiring- J. Lund), Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens, Volume 5, 2004, 329- 336.
  • Reynolds 2005 P. Reynolds, “Levantine Amphorae from Cilicia to Gaza: A Typology and Analysis of Regional Production Trends from the 1st to 7th centuries”, LRCW 1, 2005, 563- 611.
  • Robinson 1959 H. S. Robinson, “Pottery of the Roman Period: Chronology”, The Athenian Agora, Vol. 5, 1959, 1- 149.
  • Schoene 1871 R. Schoene, Tituli Vasis Fictilibus Inscripti, CIL IV, 1871.
  • Slane 1990 K. W. Slane, “The Sanctuary of Demeter And Kore: The Roman Pottery And Lamps”, American School Of Classical Studies At Athens, Corinth, Vol. 18, No. 2, New Jersey 1990.
  • Şenol 2008 A. K. Şenol, “Cilician Commercial Relations with Egypt due to the New Evidence of Amphora Finds”, OLBA XVI, KAAM Yayınları, 2008, 109-131.
  • Şenol 2009 A. K. Şenol, Taşucu Aslan Eyce Amphora Müzesi, Taşeli Matbaacılık, Mersin 2009.
  • Şenol- Kerem 2000 A. K. Şenol- F. Kerem, “İçel Müzesinde Bulunan Bir Grup Amphora”, OLBA III, Mersin 2000, 81- 114.
  • Şenol- Cankardeş 2003 A. K. Şenol- G. Cankardeş-Şenol, “Commercial Ties of Cilicia by Means of Hellenistic and Roman Amphorae”, OLBA VII, Mersin 2003, 119-143.
  • Tomber 2006 R. Tomber, “The Pottery”, Survey and Excavation Mons Claudianus, 1987-1993, (Ed. V. A. Maxfield- D. P. S. Peacock), Volume III, Ceramic Vessels & Related Objects, Institut Français D’Archeologie Orientale, Fouilles de L’Ifao 54, 2006, 3-218.
  • http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/amphora_ahrb_2005/petrology.cfm?id=278
  • DOI:https://doi.org/10.5284/1028192

KILIKIA BÖLGESİ ROMA DÖNEMİ ÜRETİMİ: POMPEİ V AMPHORASI VE ELAIUSSA SEBASTE BULUNTULARI

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 1, 54 - 71, 28.12.2019

Öz

Kilikia Bölgesi konumu itibariyle Neolitik Dönem’den
itibaren pek çok yerleşime sahne olmuştur. Özellikle Dağlık Kilikia Bölgesi;
Kelenderis, Olba, Soli Pompeiopolis, Korykos ve Elaiussa Sebaste gibi büyük
kentlerin konumlandığı, Roma Dönemi’nden itibaren yoğun ticari hayatın içinde
var olan bir geçiş bölgesi olmuştur. Tüm bu kentlerin içinde Elaiussa Sebaste,
Roma Dönemi’ndeki ticari faaliyetleri ve Geç Roma Dönemi’ndeki üretim
potansiyeli ile ön plana çıkmaktadır.
MS 1. ve 3. yüzyıllar arasında Elaiussa Sebaste’deki
seramik ve amphora
buluntularının
büyük
bir kısmı bölgesel üretimlerden oluşmaktadır. Doğu Sigillata A
Grubu formlarının yanı sıra, DR 2
-4, Agora G 198,
Agora
M
54, Zemer 41 ve
Pompei
V amphoraları büyük bir buluntu grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde şarap
taşımada kullanılan bu yeni formlar, Kilikia’da Roma’nın teşvikiyle artan tarım
yatırımını kanıtlamaktadır. Farklı kapasite ve formlarda üretilen amphoraların
Kilikia’nın farklı tür ve
kalitedeki şaraplarının taşınmasında
kullanıldığı düşünülmektedir
. Bölgesel üretimler Roma İmparatorluk ve Geç Roma-Erken Bizans Dönemi’nde Yunanistan, İtalya,
Afrika, Ege, Karadeniz Çevresi ve Suriye hatta Hindistan’a kadar
uzak
mesafelere
ihraç
edilmiştir
. Makale çalışmasında Kilikia Bölgesi üretimlerinden Pompei V
formu ele alınarak, farklı gruplar şeklinde tespit edilen Elaiussa Sebaste
buluntuları sunulacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Abadie-Reynal 1989 C. Abadie-Reynal, “Les Amphores Protobyzantines D’Argos (IVe-VIe siècles)”, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Supplément XVIII, Recherches sur la Céramique Byzantine, (Ed. V. Déroche - J. M. Spieser), Paris 1989, 47- 56.
  • Abadie-Reynal 1999 C. Abadie-Reynal, “Les Amphores Romaines en mer Noire (Ier - IVe s.)”, Production et Commerce des Amphores Anciennes en mer Noire, (Ed. Y. Garlan), Provence 1999, 255- 264.
  • Abadie-Reynal 2007 C. Abadie-Reynal, “La Céramique Romaine D’Argos (fin du IIe siècle avant J.-C. – fin du IVe siècle après J.-C.)”, Études Péloponnésiennes, XIII, Ecole Française D’Athenes, 2007.
  • Autret- Rauh 2008 C. Autret- N. Rauh, “Roman Amphora Production in Western Rough Cilicia”, Olive Oil and Wine Production in Anatolia During the Antiquity, International Symposium, (Ed. Ü. Aydınoğlu- A. K. Şenol), 06-08 November 2008, Mersin 2008, 109- 122.
  • Autret- Marangou 2011 C. Autret- A. Marangou, “L’Importation des Amphores Ciliciennes à Chypre à l’époque Impériale”, ETAIPEIA KYIIPIAKΩN ΣΠOYΔΩN, IIPAKTIKA TOY Δ’ΔIEΘNOYΣ KYIIPOΛOΓIKOY ΣYNEΔPIOY, 2011, 357- 366.
  • Autret 2015 C. Autret, “La Vigne, le Vin et les Amphores en Cilicie à L’Époque Romaine, Production et Diffusion du Ier s. av. J.-C. au IVe s. apr. J.-C.”, Archeologie Romaine, Université Paris – Sorbonne Université de Chyrpe, (Unpublished PhD Thesis), 2015.
  • Böttger 1992 B. Böttger, “Die Kaiserzeitlichen und Spätantiken Amphoren aus dem Kerameikos”, Mittelungen des Deutschen Archaologischen Instituts, 107, 1992, 315- 381.
  • Caro 1987 S. D. Caro, “Villa rustica in localita Petraro (Stabiae)”, Rivista Dell’Ist_tuto Nazionale D’Archeologia E Storia Dell’Ate, S. III, X, 1987.
  • Dündar 2012 E. Dündar, “A Group of Amphorae from Side Museum and a New Type of Amphora: The Lycian Amphora?”, Archäologischer Anzeiger 2012/1, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, 1. Halbband, 2012, 43- 61.
  • Empereur 1988 J. Y. Empereur, “Les Amphores completes du Musee d'Alexandrie: Importations et productions locales”, Commerce et artisanat dans l'Alexandrie Hellenistique et Romaine, Actes du Colloque d’Athènes, BCH Suppl. 33, 1988, 393-399.
  • Empereur- Picon 1989 J. Y. Empereur- M. Picon, “Les Regions de Production D'Amphores Impériales en Méditerranée Orientale”, Anfore Romane e Storia Economica: Un Decennio Di Ricerche, Collection De L’Ecole Française De Rome, 114, 1989, 224- 248.
  • Goldman 1950 H. Goldman, Excavation at Gözlükule, Tarsus, Volume I - II, The Hellenistic and Roman Periods, New Jersey 1950.
  • Grace 1961 V. Grace, Amphoras and the Ancient Wine Trade, American School of Classical Studies, Excavations of the Athenian Agora, 1961.
  • Hayes 1991 J. W. Hayes, “Commercial Amphorae: Hellenistic Types, Roman Types”, The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery, PAPHOS, Vol. III, Nicosia 1991, 58- 223.
  • Kızılarslanoğlu 2016 H. A. Kızılarslanoğlu, “Antik Çağ’da Elaiussa Sebaste’nin Amphora Üretimi ve Ticari İlişkileri”, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Erzurum 2016.
  • Liou- Sciallano 1989 B. Liou- M. Sciallano, “Le Trafic du Port de Fos Dans L’Antiquite: Essai D’Evaluation a Partir des Amphores”, S.F.E.C.A.G., Actes du Congres de Lezoux, 1989, 153- 167.
  • Majcherek 2007 G. Majcherek, “Aegean and Asia Minor amphorae from Marina el-Alamein”, CCE 8, 2007, 9- 31.
  • Medeksza 2008 S. Medeksza, “Marina el- Alamein, Conservation and Restoration Work in 2006”, Archaeological Control and Geoarchaeological Research, PAM 18, 2008.
  • Panella 1974 C. Panella, “Appunti su un Gruppo di Anfore della Prima, Media e Tarda Età Imperiale”, Ostia III: Le terme del Nuotatore: Scavo dell'ambiente V et di un saggio dell'area, Studi miscellenei, 21, 1973, 1974, 463-633.
  • Rauh 1999a N. K. Rauh, “Dağlık Kilikya Yüzey Araştırma Projesi: 1997 Sezonu Raporu”, Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı I, 25-29 Mayıs, 1998 Tarsus, Ankara 1999.
  • Rauh 1999b N. K. Rauh, “Rough Cilicia Regional Archaeological Survey Project”, Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 62, No. 1, 1999, 54-55.
  • Rauh - Slane 2000 N. K. Rauh, K. W. Slane, “Possible Amphora Kiln Sites in W. Rough Cilicia”, Journal of Roman Archaeology (JRA) 13, 2000, 319- 330.
  • Rauh 2004 N. K. Rauh, “Pirated Knock-offs: Cilician Imitations of Internationally Traded Amphoras”, Transport Amphorae and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean, (Ed J. Eiring- J. Lund), Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens, Volume 5, 2004, 329- 336.
  • Reynolds 2005 P. Reynolds, “Levantine Amphorae from Cilicia to Gaza: A Typology and Analysis of Regional Production Trends from the 1st to 7th centuries”, LRCW 1, 2005, 563- 611.
  • Robinson 1959 H. S. Robinson, “Pottery of the Roman Period: Chronology”, The Athenian Agora, Vol. 5, 1959, 1- 149.
  • Schoene 1871 R. Schoene, Tituli Vasis Fictilibus Inscripti, CIL IV, 1871.
  • Slane 1990 K. W. Slane, “The Sanctuary of Demeter And Kore: The Roman Pottery And Lamps”, American School Of Classical Studies At Athens, Corinth, Vol. 18, No. 2, New Jersey 1990.
  • Şenol 2008 A. K. Şenol, “Cilician Commercial Relations with Egypt due to the New Evidence of Amphora Finds”, OLBA XVI, KAAM Yayınları, 2008, 109-131.
  • Şenol 2009 A. K. Şenol, Taşucu Aslan Eyce Amphora Müzesi, Taşeli Matbaacılık, Mersin 2009.
  • Şenol- Kerem 2000 A. K. Şenol- F. Kerem, “İçel Müzesinde Bulunan Bir Grup Amphora”, OLBA III, Mersin 2000, 81- 114.
  • Şenol- Cankardeş 2003 A. K. Şenol- G. Cankardeş-Şenol, “Commercial Ties of Cilicia by Means of Hellenistic and Roman Amphorae”, OLBA VII, Mersin 2003, 119-143.
  • Tomber 2006 R. Tomber, “The Pottery”, Survey and Excavation Mons Claudianus, 1987-1993, (Ed. V. A. Maxfield- D. P. S. Peacock), Volume III, Ceramic Vessels & Related Objects, Institut Français D’Archeologie Orientale, Fouilles de L’Ifao 54, 2006, 3-218.
  • http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/amphora_ahrb_2005/petrology.cfm?id=278
  • DOI:https://doi.org/10.5284/1028192
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

H. Asena Kızılarslanoğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kızılarslanoğlu, H. A. (2019). KILIKIA BÖLGESİ ROMA DÖNEMİ ÜRETİMİ: POMPEİ V AMPHORASI VE ELAIUSSA SEBASTE BULUNTULARI. Seramik Araştırmaları Dergisi(1), 54-71.

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