Molds the Biological Enemy of Historic Buildings

Öz

Also cultural heritage is a expression of high civilization, it provides positive supplement to economy and tourism of a country. That historical monuments should be protected is necessary to continiue cultural evolution.

Biodeterioration problems in historic buildings are well recognized and during the past decades the role of the microbes in biodeterioration processes has been acknowledged. Biodeterioration cannot usually be related to single microbial groups; rather, they are a result of complex microbial interactions.

In our study, fungal flora of historical buildings in İzmir, which is the important historical center, have been investigated. With this aim, samples were collected from 7 areas, which have different temperature and moisture conditions, in autumn and summer.

The result of floral investigation, totally 192 isolates were obtained from  the air and surface samples. 25 genera related to Zygomycota, anamorphic Ascomycota and teleomorphic Ascomycota were identified. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Phoma, Alternaria, Chaetomium and Cladosporium were found most frequently. 6 isolates were not identified.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Tarihi Yapıların Biyolojik Düşmanı Küfler

Öz

Konu ile ilgili daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda kültürel mirasın mikrobiyal kaynaklı bozulması ile ilgili farklı yapı malzemeleri incelenmiştir. Mikrobiyolojik bozulmanın atmosferik ve çevresel etkenlerle ilişkilerine bakılmıştır.

Tarihi eserlerin ve tarihi binaların biyolojik bozulma sürecinde, mikroorganizmaların rolü son yirmi yıldır kabul gören ve araştırılan bir konu olmaktadır. Biyolojik bozulma, tek bir mikrobiyal grupla değil kompleks mikrobiyal ilişkilerin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Çalışmamızda tarihi açıdan önemli bir merkez olan, İzmir İli’ndeki XIV-XIX. yüzyıllar arasındaki bazı tarihi yapıların küf içeriği incelenmiştir. Havasal ve yüzeysel örnekler arasındaki ilişkiye bakılmıştır. Bu incelemelerin sonuçları göz önünde bulundurularak, tarihi eserlerin bozulmasında rol oynayan küf florası belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Bu amaçla, İzmir İli’nde farklı nem ve sıcaklık koşullarına sahip olduğu düşünülen 7 noktadaki (Bornova, Buca, Çeşme, Foça, Karşıyaka, Konak, Tire) tarihi yapılardan, sonbahar ve yaz olmak üzere 2 dönemde örnekler alınmıştır.

Flora ile ilgili incelemeler sonucunda, havasal ve yüzeysel örneklerden toplam 192 izolat elde edilmiştir. Zygomycota, anamorfik Ascomycota ve teleomorfik Ascomycota gruplarına dahil 25 farklı cins tanılanmıştır. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Phoma, Alternaria, Chaetomium ve Cladosporium en sık rastlanan küf cinsleri olmuştur. 6 izolat ise tanılanamamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Kaynakça

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