Bu yazı, günümüzde Trabzon Ayasofya Kilisesi bahçesinde yer alan ve 19. yüzyıl sonlarında dört yüzünde çocuk kabartmaları bulunan bir mezar anıtını konu almaktadır. Üç bloktan oluştuğu anlaşılan mezar anıtının; kareye yakın dikdörtgen formlu kaidesi ve kabartmalar içeren dikdörtgen gövdesi birlikte sergilenirken, anıta ait olması muhtemel tepelik kilise bahçesinde başka bir yere taşınmıştır. Mezar anıtı herhangi bir yazıt taşımadığından mezarın sahibinin kimliği, mezarı yaptıran ailenin etnik kökeni ve sanatçısı bilinmemektedir. Benzer şekilde günümüzde kentteki gayrimüslim mezarlıkları tamamen kaybolduğundan ve herhangi bir kayıt olmadığından mezar anıtının hangi mezarlıktan getirildiği belirlenememiştir. Mezar anıtının Toskana Bölgesinden çıkarılan Carrara mermerinden yapılmış olması ve 19. yüzyıl İtalya örnekleri ile yakın form benzerlikleri taşıması, Avrupalı bir heykeltıraş tarafından yapılmış olduğunu ve Trabzon’a getirtildiğini düşündürmektedir. Mezar anıtı üzerindeki kabartmalarda çocuk figürlerinin ellerinde tuttuğu oyuncak ve eşyalar İtalyan mezarlıklarında yapılmış örnekleri akla getirmektedir. Çocuk kabartmalarında figürlerin üzerindeki giysiler dönemin Trabzonlu ailelerinin giydiği kıyafetlerden oldukça farklı, daha çok Avrupaî tarzdadır. Mezar anıtı, Trabzon kentinde 19. yüzyıldan günümüze gelebilmiş tek figürlü örnek olması açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Trabzon Ayasofya Kilisesi bahçesinde tespit edilen mezar anıtı daha sonradan tespit edilecek 19. yüzyıl mezar anıtlarına öncü bir çalışma olacaktır.
Trabzon heykeltıraşlık Trabzon 19. yüzyıl gayrimüslim mezar anıtları heykeltıraşlık
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This article is about a late 19th century tomb monument in the courtyard of Trabzon Hagia Sophia Church with child reliefs on its four sides. The monument is formed from three blocks and while its almost square rectangular pedestal and the body containing reliefs in the same form are exhibited together, the possible capital of the monument has been moved to another place in the church courtyard. Since the grave monument does not have any inscriptions, the identity of the owner of the tomb, the ethnic origin of the family who built the grave and the artist are unknown. Similarly, since the non-Muslim cemeteries in the city are completely lost today and there is no surviving record of them, it could not be determined from which cemetery it was brought. The fact that the tomb monument is made of Carrara marble extracted from Tuscany and has close similarities with the 19th century Italian samples suggests that it was made by a European sculptor and was brought to Trabzon. The objects and the toys held by the figures of children on the reliefs and their similarities with the examples in Italian graveyards also suggest Italian origin of the monument.
On the first side of the monument, a girl holding a flower is embroidered standing on a rectangular platform and from the front. The round collar dress on this female figure is animated with draperies starting from the chest. The dress is cut with a belt at waist, and the skirt is designed with a shirring down to the knee. Her feet are bare. Her round face, long and wavy hair is lowered down to her chest.
On the second side of the grave monument, the left foot of the male figure is depicted with a hula-hoop behind him, while his right foot is bent toward. The legs of the trousers on the figure are curled and rolled up to the knees. Once again, his feet are bare. He is wearing a draped long-sleeved sailor shirt. Round collar underwear is seen inside the shirt collar. His short and wavy hair is fluffy. Facial features have been erased. On the third side of the monument, a sitting nude boy is depicted. Sitting cross-legged, the child figure puts his right hand on his right leg and leaned his left hand against his chain. Even though most of his face is broken, the downward movements of his head show us that he is depicted with a thoughtful and sad expression. The pillow on which the figure is sitting, is quite swollen and rounded at the corners, adorned with a cord in the middle. There is a sling in the hands of the boy relief depicted on the fourth side. While the traces of the slingshot he was holding in his right hand can be seen, the broken left hand is probably holding a stone. The round neck sleeveless outfit is enlivened with drapes and is terminated on the knees.
The clothing of the figures of children seen on the reliefs follows European style and it is quite different from the clothes worn by the families living in Trabzon in this period. This monument is the only figured example surviving from the 19th century in Trabzon. This example recorded in Trabzon Church of Hagia Sophia, will be pioneering for the identification of other 19th century tomb monuments.
Trabzon Trabzon 19th century non-Muslim grave monument sculpture
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Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
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Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA |
Yazarlar | |
Proje Numarası | yok |
Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Aralık 2021 |
Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 |