AVRUPA GÜVENLİĞİNDE KARADENİZ ÜLKELERİNİN ROLÜ

Öz

Karadeniz bölgesi, jeopolitik konumu ve enerji yolları üzerindeki stratejik rolü sayesinde Avrupa güvenliği açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu makalede, Karadeniz'e kıyısı olan ülkelerin (Türkiye, Bulgaristan, Romanya, Ukrayna, Rusya ve Gürcistan) Avrupa (Birliği) güvenliğine katkıları, karşılaştıkları tehditler ve bölgesel iş birliği olanakları çok boyutlu bir yaklaşımla incelenmiştir. NATO’nun ve Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) genişlemeleri, AB komşuluk politikaları ve 2014 sonrası yaşanan gelişmeler ışığında Karadeniz'in bir geçiş alanından bir çatışma hattına dönüşümü ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca enerji güvenliği, çevresel riskler, siber tehditler ve transatlantik ilişkiler çerçevesinde yeni güvenlik boyutları değerlendirilmiş; çok aktörlü, kapsayıcı ve sürdürülebilir güvenlik stratejileri için öneriler sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Karadeniz güvenliğine ilişkin sorunların yalnızca askerî tedbirlerle çözülemeyeceği, bütüncül bir güvenlik vizyonuna ihtiyaç duyulduğu vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karadeniz
• Avrupa Güvenliği
• Jeopolitik
• NATO
• AB

THE ROLE OF BLACK SEA COUNTRIES IN EUROPEAN SECURITY

Öz

The Black Sea region holds critical importance for European security due to its geopolitical location and strategic role in energy transportation. This article analyzes the contributions of the Black Sea littoral states (Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia) to European (Union) security, the threats they face, and the potential for regional cooperation through a multidimensional lens. Against the backdrop of NATO’s eastward expansion, the EU’s neighborhood policies, and the major geopolitical shifts since 2014, the transformation of the Black Sea from a transit corridor into a zone of geopolitical tension is examined. Energy security, environmental risks, cyber threats, and transatlantic dynamics are explored as key security dimensions. The article concludes that security challenges in the Black Sea cannot be resolved solely through military means and that a holistic and inclusive security strategy is essential for long-term regional stability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Black Sea
• European Security
• Jeopolitics
• NATO
• EU

Kaynakça

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