Küresel Isınma ve İklim Değişikliğinin Türkiye'de Badem Üretimi Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri

Öz

Küresel iklim değişikliği, tarımsal üretim sistemleri üzerinde giderek artan baskılar oluşturarak, fenolojik gelişim süreçleri çevresel koşullara yüksek derecede bağlı olan meyve türleri üzerinde özellikle önemli etkiler yaratmaktadır. Ekonomik ve ekolojik önemi giderek artan sert kabuklu bir meyve olan badem (Prunus dulcis), Türkiye'nin çeşitli agroekolojik bölgelerinde yaygın olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Bu derleme, Türkiye’de badem yetiştiriciliğinin küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği ile ilişkili çevresel stres faktörlerinden nasıl etkilendiğini kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Erken ilkbahar donları, sıcaklık anormallikleri, artan kuraklık şiddeti, düzensiz yağış desenleri ve aşırı iklim olaylarının badem üretimi üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri geniş bir literatür taramasıyla analiz edilmektedir. Ayrıca, bademlerin bu streslere karşı fizyolojik ve fenolojik tepkileri, genetik kaynakların değerlendirilmesi, kuraklığa ve dona dayanıklı çeşitler ile anaçların kullanımı, modern sulama teknikleri, uyum odaklı tarımsal uygulamalar ve sürdürülebilir badem ıslahı stratejileri ele alınmakta ve önerilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye’de iklim değişikliğine dayanıklı ve verimli badem üretim sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi için bilimsel bir temel sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Badem
• İklim Değişikliği
• Küresel Isınma
• Tarımsal Adaptasyon
• Erken Don
• Kuraklık

Possible Effects of Global Warming and Climate Change on Almond Production in Turkey

Öz

Global climate change exerts increasing pressures on agricultural production systems, causing significant impacts particularly on fruit species whose phenological development processes are highly dependent on environmental conditions. Almond (Prunus dulcis), a nut crop with growing economic and ecological importance, is widely cultivated in various agroecological regions of Turkey. This review comprehensively examines how almond cultivation in Turkey is affected by environmental stress factors associated with global warming and climate change. Potential impacts of early spring frosts, temperature anomalies, increased drought intensity, irregular precipitation patterns, and extreme climatic events on almond production are analyzed through an extensive literature review. Moreover, the physiological and phenological responses of almonds to these stresses, evaluation of genetic resources, use of drought- and frost-tolerant cultivars and rootstocks, modern irrigation techniques, adaptation-oriented agronomic practices, and sustainable almond breeding strategies are discussed and proposed. The findings aim to provide a scientific basis for developing climate-resilient and productive almond production systems in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Almond
• Climate Change
• Global Warming
• Agricultural Adaptation
• Early Frost
• Drought

Kaynakça

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