Geometrik Morfometrik Yöntemlerle Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) Türünün Cinsiyet, Yaş ve Mevsim Değişimlerine Bağlı Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 9, 1 - 17, 23.12.2025

Serbest Bilici , Muhammed Yaşar Dörtbudak , Alaettin Kaya , Tarık Çiçek , Erhan Ünlü

Öz

Bu çalışma, Ocak 2020 ile Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında Dicle Nehir sisteminden yakalanan Mugilidae familyasına ait toplam 129 adet (78 dişi, 41 erkek) Planiliza abu bireyinde yaş, cinsiyet ve mevsime bağlı olarak dış vücut morfolojisindeki varyasyonları geometrik morfometrik yöntemlerle ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Procrustes ANOVA sonucunda cinsiyetler arasında CS fark olmayıp (p=0.9872), şekil bakımından farklı bulunmuştur (p < 0,0001). Procrustes ANOVA sonucunda yaş grupları arasında CS (p < 0,0001) ve şekil bakımından farklı çıkmıştır (p=0.0104). Procrustes ANOVA sonucunda mevsim grupları arasında CS farkı olmayıp (p =0.4389), şekil bakımından farklı bulunmuştur (p<.0001). Cinsiyete göre gruplanmış PCA’da ilk iki komponent toplam varyasyonun %53.85’ini, yaşa göre gruplanmış PCA’da ilk iki komponent toplam varyasyonun %53.10’unu, mevsime göre gruplanmış PCA’da ilk iki komponent toplam varyasyonun %55.42’ini oluşturmuştur. Cinsiyetler üzerine yapılan CVA’da Mahalanobis mesafesi için p=0.0001, Procrustes mesafesi için p=0.0031 olup vücut şekli farklı bulunmuştur. Yaş grupları üzerine yapılan CVA’da 3-4 yaş grubu arasında Mahalanobis mesafesi için p=0.0317 olup vucut şekli farklı bulunmuştur. Diğer gruplar arasında fark yeterli değildir. Mevsim grupları üzerine yapılan CVA’da Au-Sp, Au-Sm, Sm-Sp ve Sp-Wn grupları vucut şekli farklı bulunmuştur. DF analizinde Cinsiyet grupları farklı bulunmuştur. Yaş grupları arasında 2-3 ve 3-4 grupları farklı bulunmuştur. Mevsim grupları arasında Au-Sm, Au-Sp, Sm-Sp ve Sp-Wn grupları farklı bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cyprinidae , Planiliza abu , Varyasyon , Geometrik morfometri

A Survey on Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) by Geometric Morphometric Methods Depend on Gender, Age and Season Variations

Öz

This study was conducted to reveal variations in external body morphology depending on age, sex, and season in 129 (78 ♀♀, 41 ♂♂) Planiliza abu individuals of the Mugilidae family captured from the Tigris River system between January 2020 and December 2021, using geometric morphometric methods. Procrustes ANOVA revealed no difference in CS between genders (p=0.9872), but a difference in shape (p<0.0001). The Procrustes ANOVA revealed differences in CS between age groups (p<0.0001) and shape (p=0.0104). The Procrustes ANOVA revealed no difference in CS between seasonal groups (p=0.4389), but a difference in shape (p<0.0001). In the PCA grouped by gender, the first two components accounted for 53.85% of the total variation. In the PCA grouped by age, the first two components accounted for 53.10% of the total variation. In the PCA grouped by season, the first two components accounted for 55.42% of the total variation. In the CVA performed on genders, p=0.0001 for the Mahalanobis distance and p=0.0031 for the Procrustes distance, and body shape differences were found. In the CVA performed on age groups, p=0.0317 for the Mahalanobis distance and body shape differences were found between the 3-4 age group. The difference between the other groups was not sufficient. In the CVA performed on seasonal groups, body shape differences were found in the Au-Sp, Au-Sm, Sm-Sp, and Sp-Wn groups. In the DF analysis, gender groups were found to be different. Age groups 2-3 and 3-4 were found to be different. Season groups were found to be different in the Au-Sm, Au-Sp, Sm-Sp, and Sp-Wn groups.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mugilidae , Planiliza abu , Variation , Geometric morphometry

Kaynakça

• Aksunger Karaavcı, F., Demiraslan, Y., Dörtbudak, M. Y., & Demircioğlu, İ. (2025). Geometric analysis of Luciobarbus barbulus (Heckel 1847) otoliths with body shape. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 11(4), e70333.
• Ali, M. K., & Abdullah, S. M. A. (2019). Morphological and molecular identification of Capoeta trutta (Cyprinidae) and Planiliza abu (Mugilidae) freshwater fish in Sulaimani governorate, Iraq. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(4), 7439–7451. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1704_74397451
• Al-Zaidy, K. J. L., Parisi, G., & Al-Shawi, S. A. (2019). Some aspects of the biology of Planiliza abu Heckel, 1843 from Hawr Ad Dalmaj marsh. Biochemical and Cellular Archives, 19(Supplement 1), 2307–2312. https://doi.org/10.35124/bca.2019.19.S1.2307
• Ay, S., & Özcan, G. (2016). Some aspects of the biology of Abu mullet Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) in the Orontes River, Turkey. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 74(2), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2016-0011
• Başusta, A., & Yeniyol, S. (2016). Atatürk Barajı Gerger bölgesi balık faunasının taksonomik yönden incelenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(2), 43–50. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fufbd/issue/29229/312883
• Başusta, N., & Erdem, Ü. (2000). İskenderun Körfezi balıkları üzerine bir araştırma. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 24, 1–19.
• Birecikligil, S., Seçer, B., Kelleci, M., Aras, E., & Çiçek, E. (2017). Determination of some population dynamical parameters of Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) from Ceyhan River Basin. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.256595
• Bozkurt, R. (1994). Atatürk Baraj Gölü ve baraj gölüne dökülen derelerdeki balıkların sistematiği (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Harran Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Şanlıurfa.
• Bookstein, F. L. (1991). Morphometric tools for landmark data. Cambridge University Press. Cavalcanti, M. J., Monteiro, L. R., & Lopes, P. R. (1999). Landmark-based morphometric analysis in selected species of serranid fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei). Zoological Studies, 38(3), 287–294.
• Coad, B. W. (1998). Systematic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65, 101–108. Coad, B. W. (2017). Review of the freshwater mullets of Iran (Family Mugilidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 4(2), 75–130. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v4i2.218
• Dörtbudak, M. Y., & Özcan, G. (2019). Otolit – Abu mullet’in (Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843)) Dicle Nehri, Şırnak, Türkiye’deki vücut uzunluğu ilişkisi. Fresenius Çevre Bülteni, 28(10), 7088–7091.
• Dörtbudak, M. Y., Demiraslan, Y., & Demircioğlu, İ. (2022). Geometric analysis of otoliths in Cyprinion kais and Cyprinion macrostomus. Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia, 51(6), 696–702.
• Dörtbudak, M. Y., Demiraslan, Y., Demircioğlu, İ., & Karaavcı, F. A. (2025). Shape analysis of otoliths of Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) and Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) species by geometric morphometry. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 7–12.
• Durand, J. D., & Borsa, P. (2015). Mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Acanthopterygii: Mugilidae) suggests high proportion of cryptic species. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 338(4), 266–277.
• Elp, M., & Kaya, N. (2014). A study on Abu mullet (Liza abu Heckel, 1843) (Diyarbakır, Turkey). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 13, 437–440. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2014.437.440
• Favaloro, E., & Mazzola, A. (2003). Shape change during the growth of sharpsnout seabream reared under different conditions in a fish farm of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. Aquacultural Engineering, 29(1), 57–63.
• Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N., & Fong, J. D. (2021). Eschmeyer’s catalog of fishes: Species by family/subfamily. Online version accessed 3 August 2021. Retrieved from http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp
• Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2016). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Version (06/2016). Retrieved from www.fishbase.org
• Geldiay, R., & Balık, S. (1996). Türkiye tatlısu balıkları (Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Kitaplar Serisi No: 46). Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, İzmir.
• González-Castro, M., & Ghasemzadeh, J. (2015). Morphology and morphometry-based taxonomy of Mugilidae. In D. Crosetti & S. Blaber (Eds.), Biology, ecology and culture of grey mullet (Mugilidae) (pp. 1–21). CRC Press.
• Heckel, J. (1843). Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Fische Syriens in Russischer J. Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, 1(2). Stuttgart.
• Jamovi Project. (2023). Jamovi (Version 2.4) [Computer software]. Retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org
• Kaya, N. (2010). A study on some biological properties of Liza abu (Heckel, 1846) living in Devegeçidi Dam Lake (Diyarbakır) (Unpublished MSc Thesis). Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Van.
• Kelly, M., Barão, K. R., & Jacobina, U. P. (2025). Geometric morphometrics in fish studies: Trends and scientific impacts—a scientometric and systematic mapping. Zoomorphology, 144(2), 1–15.
• Khalaf, A. N., Al-Yamour, K. Y., Allouse, S. B., & Al-Jafary, A., Sadek, S. E. (1986). Age, growth, length-weight relationships and distribution of Khishni Liza abu (Heckel) (Mugilidae) in a polluted habitat. Journal of Biological Sciences Research, 17(2), 63–81.
• Klingenberg, C. P. (2011). MorphoJ: An integrated software package for geometric morphometrics. Molecular Ecology Resources, 11, 353–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02924.x
• Koutrakis, E. T., & Tsikliras, A. C. (2003). Length-weight relationships of fishes from three northern Aegean estuarine systems (Greece). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 19, 258–260. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2003.00456.x
• Kritsky, D. C., & Öktener, A. (2015). Solostamenides paucitesticulatus n. sp. (Monogenoidea: Mazocraeidea: Microcotylidae) from the freshwater mullet Liza abu (Heckel) from Atatürk Reservoir on the Euphrates River in southern Turkey. Systematic Parasitology, 91, 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-015-9562-3
• Kuru, M. (1975). Investigation being systematic and zoogeographic of fish living at freshwater of regions Dicle–Fırat, Kura–Aras, Van Lake and Black Sea (Lecturer thesis). Erzurum.
• Loy, A., Busilacchi, S., Costa, C., Ferlin, L., & Cataudella, S. (2000). Comparing geometric morphometrics and outline fitting methods to monitor fish shape variability of D. puntazzo (Teleostea: Sparidae). Aquaculture Research, 21, 271–283.
• Loy, A., Mariani, L., Bertelletti, M., & Tunesi, L. (1998). Visualizing allometry: Geometric morphometrics in the study of shape changes in early stages of two-banded seabream, Diplodus vulgaris (Perciformes, Sparidae). Journal of Morphology, 237, 137–146.
• Mhaisen, F. T., & Yousif, U. H. (1989). Age and growth of the Mugilid fish Liza abu (Heckel) from Mehaijeran Creek, Basrah. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 8, 147–155.
• Mhaisen, F. T., & Al-Jaffery, A. R. (1989). Determination of age and growth of the Mugilid fish Liza abu (Heckel) inhabiting Babylon Fish Farm, Hilla. Journal of Biological Sciences Research, 20, 547–554.
• Mojekwu, T. O., & Anumudu, C. I. (2015). Advanced techniques for morphometric analysis in fish. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 6(8), 1-6.
• Naama, A. K., Ahmed, H. A., & Al-Adhub, A. H. Y. (1986). Aspects of reproduction of the mullet Liza abu (Heckel) (Pisces, Mugilidae) in Al-Hammar Marsh, Iraq. Cybium, 10, 47–55.
• Nasır, N. A., & Naama, A. K. (1988). Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) (Pisces: Mugilidae): A new record from Khor Al-Zubair, Northwest of the Arabian Gulf. Mahasagar, 21(2), 113–115.
• Özcan, G. (2013). A contribution to knowledge of the freshwater fish of Orontes River, Hatay, Turkey. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 3(2), 143–147.
• Özcan, G., Altun, A., & Özbek, B. (2016). Seasonal and age dependent variations in meat yield of Abu mullet (Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843)) from Orontes River. Acta Biologica Turcica, 29(2), 67–71. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/actabiotr/issue/22362/239480
• Ponton, D., Carassou, L., Raillard, S., & Borsa, P. (2013). Geometric morphometrics as a tool for identifying emperor fish (Lethrinidae) larvae and juveniles. Journal of Fish Biology, 83(1), 14–27.
• R Core Team. (2022). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. Version 4.1. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org
• Rohlf, F. J. (2015). The tps series of software. Hystrix, 26, 9–12. https://doi.org/10.4404/hystrix-26.1.11264
• Sara, M., Favaloro, E., & Mazzola, A. (1999). Comparative morphometrics of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo Cefti, 1777), reared in different conditions. Aquaculture Research, 19, 195–209.
• Talwar, P. K., & Jhingran, A. G. (1991). Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Balkema.
• Turan, C., & Ergüden, D. (2004). Genetic and morphologic structure of Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) populations from the rivers Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 28(4), 729–734. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tbtkveterinary/issue/12549/151499
• Ünlü, E., Balcı, K., & Meriç, N. (2000). Aspects of the biology of Liza abu (Mugilidae) in the Tigris River (Turkey). Cybium, 24(1), 27–43.
• Yalçın, H., & Özdilek, Ş. (2003). Occurrence of the Abu mullet, Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) (Pisces, Mugilidae) in the Orontes River. Zoology in the Middle East, 30, 111–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2003.10637996
• Zelditch, M., Swidersk, D., & Sheets, H. D. (2012). Geometric morphometrics for biologists: A primer. Academic Press.