By Investing Renewable Energy Technologies, How Spain Could Meet Its Energy Needs In 2030 And Reduce Its Domestic Greenhouse Gas Emission

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 33 - 44, 31.12.2019

Mazlum Cengiz

Öz

In this study, energy supplies of Spain, solar and
geothermal energy resource potential of Spain, energy needs of Spain in 2030,
110Mtoe, based on population change, and how this energy demand can be supplied
by renewable energy sources in order to achieve its target of reducing domestic
greenhouse gas emissions at least 40% by 2030 were examined. Building a
photovoltaic power plant that has a capacity of 2000 MW per year and a flash
geothermal plant which is suitable for low temperature developments has a
capacity of 683 MW per year were proposed to meet energy need of the country in
2030. The estimated cost of the photovoltaic solar power plant, and the flash
geothermal plant were calculated. Furthermore, the greenhouse emission from the
photovoltaic solar plant and the geothermal plant was presented and the results
are compared with the greenhouse emissions from a natural gas plant. The
required land area for these two renewable energy plants are evaluated, as
well. Moreover, the obstacles, which are water footprint of the solar
photovoltaic power plant and flash geothermal plant, monitoring and track these
new technologies and required land area for these energy plants, of developing
these new technologies are discussed and suggestions that could assist with
overcome these obstacles are given.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Renewable Energy, Spain, Greenhouse Gas Emission, Solar Energy, Geothermal Energy

Kaynakça

• Alavijeh, H. S., Kiyoumarsioskouei, A., Asheri, M. H., Naemi, S., Alavije, H. S., & Tabrizi, H. B. (2013). Greenhouse gas emission measurement and economic analysis of Iran natural gas fired power plants. Energy policy, 60, 200-207.
• Arrizabalaga, I., De Gregoria, M., Garcia de la Noceda, C., Hidalgo, R., & Urchueguia, J. F. (2015). Country update for the Spanish geothermal sector. In Proceedings, World Geothermal Congress (pp. 19-24).
• Central Intelligent Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html
• Climate Action. EU Climate Action. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/citizens/eu_en
• Committee on Climate Change (n.d.). Legal duties on climate change. https://www.theccc.org.uk/tackling-climate-change/the-legal-landscape/
• Damerau, K., Williges, K., Patt, A. G., & Gauché, P. (2011). Costs of reducing water use of concentrating solar power to sustainable levels: Scenarios for North Africa. Energy policy, 39(7), 4391-4398.
• Energy Post (2015). Fraunhofer: Solar power will cost 2 cts/kWh in 2050. http://energypost.eu/fraunhofer-solar-power-will-cost-2-ctskwh-2050/
• Feldman S. (2009). 2.5 Cents Per Kilowatt Hour: America’s Cheapest, Cleanest ‘Holds Steady’ Insideclimate news’. https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20090930/25-cents-kilowatt-hour-americas-cheapest-cleanest-fuel-holds-steady
• Fthenakis, V. M., Kim, H. C., & Alsema, E. (2008). Emissions from photovoltaic life cycles. Environmental science & technology, 42(6), 2168-2174.
• Fthenakis, V. M., & Kim, H. C. (2007). Greenhouse-gas emissions from solar electric-and nuclear power: A life-cycle study. Energy Policy, 35(4), 2549-2557.
• Global Energy Statistical Yearbook (2019). https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html
• Hähnlein, S., Bayer, P., Ferguson, G., & Blum, P. (2013). Sustainability and policy for the thermal use of shallow geothermal energy. Energy Policy, 59, 914-925.
• International Energy Agency (2009). Energy Policies of IEA Countries, Spain 2009 Review. https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/spain2009.pdf
• International Energy Agency (2010). Renewable Energy Essentials: Geothermal. https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/Geothermal_Essentials.pdf
• International Energy Agency (2015). Spain Overview. https://www.iea.org/media/countries/slt/SpainOnepagerJuly2015.pdf
• Maaßen, M., Rübsamen, M., & Perez, A. (2011). Photovoltaic solar energy in Spain. International Finance and Economics.
• Nath, R. (2007). Report on the Land Requirement of Thermal Power Stations. Government of India (Ministry of Power), Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi, India.
• Sullivan, J. L., & Wang, M. Q. (2013). Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from geothermal electricity production. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 5(6), 063122.
• Solargis (2016). Solar resource maps of Spain. https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/spain
• Soto-García, M., Martínez-Alvarez, V., García-Bastida, P. A., Alcon, F., & Martin-Gorriz, B. (2013). Effect of water scarcity and modernisation on the performance of irrigation districts in south-eastern Spain. Agricultural water management, 124, 11-19.
• The Institute for Energy Research (IER) (2012). Energy Generating Costs: A Primer. http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/analysis/electric-generating-costs-a-primer/
• The United Nation Population Division (2019). https://population.un.org/wpp/dataQuery/
• U.S. Energy Information Administration (2016). EIA projects 48% increase in world energy consumption by 2040. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=26212#
• Union of Concerned Scientists (2013). Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Energy. http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable- energy/environmental-impacts-geothermal-energy.html#.WDkrvLIrLIU
• World Energy Council (2013). World Energy Resources: Geothermal. https://www.worldenergy.org/assets/images/imported/2013/10/WER_2013_9_Geothermal .pdf