BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Hereditary Oil Monarchies: Why Arab Spring Fails in GCC Arabian States?

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2013 Sayı: 30, 21 - 36, 01.07.2013

Öz

This study tries to reveal the reasons of why Arab Spring could not change the hereditary oil monarchies regimes in Persian Gulf, when compare with other countries in region. The strong cooperation between Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and Oman, hereditary monarchies for long years, high oil and natural gas income and sharing with lower social class that did not cause to improve strong demand among public to change regime of countries, also the external powers such as America and European Union restrained to spread Arabic Spring out in these countries due to their energy benefits.

Kaynakça

  • Books ABDEL- RAHMAN YOUSRI,Ahmad, “Islamic Banking Modes of Finance: Proposals for Further Evolution”, Munawar Iqbal and Rodney Wilson (eds.), Islamic Perspectives on Wealth Creation, (Edinburgh University Press, 2005): 32–
  • AYUBI, Nazih N. Over-stating the Arab State: Politics and Society in the Middle East. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2008.
  • BERNARD Reich, and Mark Gasiorowski, 161-205. Boulder: West view Press, 2011.
  • BEVERLY Milton, Edwards. Contemporary Politics in the Middle East. London: Viley, 20 BILL, James A., Robert Springborg. Politics in the Middle East. New York: Harper Collins College Publisher, 1994.
  • CRYSTAL, Jill. “Eastern Arabian States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, and Oman.”In The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa, ed. David E. Long, FAWCETT, Louise. International Relations of the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • IQBAL, Mohammad. “Emergence of Saudi Arabia (A Political Study of Malik Abd alAziz ibn Saud 1901–1953)”, Kashmir, (Saudiyah Publishers, 1977):44.
  • MAISEL, Sebastian. “Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” in The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa, ed. David E. Long, Bernard Reich, and Mark Gasiorowski, 161-205. Boulder: Westview Press, 2011. Articles
  • AGHSAN, Ali Rahigh, Peter Viggo Jakobsen. “The Rise of Iran: How Durable, How Dangerous?.” The Middle East Journal 64 (2010): 559-573.
  • ALHASAN, Hasan Tariq. “The Role of Iran in the Failed Coup of 1981: The IFLB in Bahrain.” Middle East Journal 65 (2011): 603-617.
  • GREENFIELD, Beth, The World’s Richest Countries, Forbes, (22 February 2012).
  • COOPER, Andrew F., Bessma Momani. “Qatar and Expanded Contours of Small State Diplomacy.” The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs 46 (2011): 113-128.
  • COLOMBO, Silvia. “The GCC and the Arab Spring: A Tale of Double Standards.” The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs,” 47 (2012): 1101
  • DICKEY, Dickey ,”Qatar” , Newsweek,(May 22, 2013).
  • EHTESHAMI, Anoushiravan. “Reform from Above: The Politics of Participation in the Oil Monarchies.” International Affairs 79 (2003): 53-75.
  • ENTOUS, Adam, “Saudi Arms Deal Advances”, The Wall Street Journal,(12 September 2010).
  • FRIEDMAN, Brandon. “Battle For Bahrain: What One Uprising Meant for the Gulf States and Iran.” World Affairs March/April (2012): 74-85.
  • KATZMAN, Kenneth, “Oman: Reform, Security, and U. S. Policy” Congressional Reseach Service, April (2011):8.
  • MANSFIELD, Edward D., Jack Synder. “Democratization and the Arab Spring.” International Interactions: Empirical and Theoretical Research in International Relations 38 (2012): 722-733.
  • MATTHIESEN, Toby. “A Saudi Spring?: The Shi`a Protest Movement in the Eastern Province 2011-2012.” Middle East Journal 66 (2012): 628-659.
  • PETERSON, John E. “Succession in the States of the Gulf Cooperation Council.” The Washington Quarterly 24 (2001): 173-186.
  • ROBERT, Dennis C. “The Student Personnel Point of View as a Catalyst for Dialogue: 75 Years and Beyond.” Journal of College Student Development 53 (2012): 2ROBINSON, Mary, “Jobs in Oman”, Expat Finder, (Jun 11, 2012).
  • ROGERS Simon, and Ami Sedghi, "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P Rate Each Country's Credit Rating". The Guardian, (15 April 2011).
  • SPRINGBORG, Robert. “Whither the Arab Spring? 1989 or 1848?.” The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs 46 (2011): 5-12.
  • TETREAULT, Mary Ann. “The Winter of the Arab Spring in the Gulf Monarchies.” Globalizations 8 (2011): 629-637.
  • U.S, Department of State Diplomacy in Action, U.S. Relations With Saudi Arabia, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, Fact Sheet, (August 23, 2013).
  • WHITAKER Brian, “Oman's Sultan Qaboos: a classy despot”, The Guardian, (4 March 2011).
  • WIARDA, Howard J. “Arab Fall or Arab Winter?” American Foreign Policy Interests 34 (2012): 134-137.
  • YOM, Sean L., F. Gregory Gause III. “Resilient Royals: How Arab Monarchies Hang On.” Journal of Democracy 23 (2012): 74-88.
  • The Cooperation for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) Secretariat General, “ The Economic Agreement between the GCC States” 22 nd Session, (Muscat: 2001).
  • For the Record, “Implications of the Arab Spring,” American Foreign Policy Interests 33 (2011): 293-294.

Kalıtsal Petrol Monarşileri: Neden Arap Baharı GCC Arap Devletlerinde Başarısız Oldu?

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2013 Sayı: 30, 21 - 36, 01.07.2013

Öz

Bu çalışmadamonarşik rejimle yönetilen Körfez İşbirliği Teşkilatı üyesi ülkelerinde Arap Baharı’nın neden diğer bölge ülkelerinde olduğu gibi etkili olmadığınınsebepleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Körfez İşbirliği Teşkilatı ülkeleri; Suudi Arabistan, Kuveyt, Bahreyn, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, Katar ve Umman’ın çok sıkı bir işbirliği içinde olması,yönetici elitlerin uzun yıllardan beri ülke yönetiminde söz sahibi olmaları, bu ülkelerin petrol ve doğalgaz gelirlerinin yüksek olması ve dolayısıylabu gelirleri tabana yayma imkanlarının oluşması ülke halklarının devlete karşı güçlü bir rejim değişikliği talebinin oluşmamasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Ayrıca Avrupa Birliği ve Amerika’nın bu ülkelerindekienerji politikalarının sekteye uğramaması için Arap Baharı’nın bu ülkelerde yayılmamasına katkıda bulunmuşlardır.

Kaynakça

  • Books ABDEL- RAHMAN YOUSRI,Ahmad, “Islamic Banking Modes of Finance: Proposals for Further Evolution”, Munawar Iqbal and Rodney Wilson (eds.), Islamic Perspectives on Wealth Creation, (Edinburgh University Press, 2005): 32–
  • AYUBI, Nazih N. Over-stating the Arab State: Politics and Society in the Middle East. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2008.
  • BERNARD Reich, and Mark Gasiorowski, 161-205. Boulder: West view Press, 2011.
  • BEVERLY Milton, Edwards. Contemporary Politics in the Middle East. London: Viley, 20 BILL, James A., Robert Springborg. Politics in the Middle East. New York: Harper Collins College Publisher, 1994.
  • CRYSTAL, Jill. “Eastern Arabian States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, and Oman.”In The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa, ed. David E. Long, FAWCETT, Louise. International Relations of the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  • IQBAL, Mohammad. “Emergence of Saudi Arabia (A Political Study of Malik Abd alAziz ibn Saud 1901–1953)”, Kashmir, (Saudiyah Publishers, 1977):44.
  • MAISEL, Sebastian. “Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” in The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa, ed. David E. Long, Bernard Reich, and Mark Gasiorowski, 161-205. Boulder: Westview Press, 2011. Articles
  • AGHSAN, Ali Rahigh, Peter Viggo Jakobsen. “The Rise of Iran: How Durable, How Dangerous?.” The Middle East Journal 64 (2010): 559-573.
  • ALHASAN, Hasan Tariq. “The Role of Iran in the Failed Coup of 1981: The IFLB in Bahrain.” Middle East Journal 65 (2011): 603-617.
  • GREENFIELD, Beth, The World’s Richest Countries, Forbes, (22 February 2012).
  • COOPER, Andrew F., Bessma Momani. “Qatar and Expanded Contours of Small State Diplomacy.” The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs 46 (2011): 113-128.
  • COLOMBO, Silvia. “The GCC and the Arab Spring: A Tale of Double Standards.” The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs,” 47 (2012): 1101
  • DICKEY, Dickey ,”Qatar” , Newsweek,(May 22, 2013).
  • EHTESHAMI, Anoushiravan. “Reform from Above: The Politics of Participation in the Oil Monarchies.” International Affairs 79 (2003): 53-75.
  • ENTOUS, Adam, “Saudi Arms Deal Advances”, The Wall Street Journal,(12 September 2010).
  • FRIEDMAN, Brandon. “Battle For Bahrain: What One Uprising Meant for the Gulf States and Iran.” World Affairs March/April (2012): 74-85.
  • KATZMAN, Kenneth, “Oman: Reform, Security, and U. S. Policy” Congressional Reseach Service, April (2011):8.
  • MANSFIELD, Edward D., Jack Synder. “Democratization and the Arab Spring.” International Interactions: Empirical and Theoretical Research in International Relations 38 (2012): 722-733.
  • MATTHIESEN, Toby. “A Saudi Spring?: The Shi`a Protest Movement in the Eastern Province 2011-2012.” Middle East Journal 66 (2012): 628-659.
  • PETERSON, John E. “Succession in the States of the Gulf Cooperation Council.” The Washington Quarterly 24 (2001): 173-186.
  • ROBERT, Dennis C. “The Student Personnel Point of View as a Catalyst for Dialogue: 75 Years and Beyond.” Journal of College Student Development 53 (2012): 2ROBINSON, Mary, “Jobs in Oman”, Expat Finder, (Jun 11, 2012).
  • ROGERS Simon, and Ami Sedghi, "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P Rate Each Country's Credit Rating". The Guardian, (15 April 2011).
  • SPRINGBORG, Robert. “Whither the Arab Spring? 1989 or 1848?.” The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs 46 (2011): 5-12.
  • TETREAULT, Mary Ann. “The Winter of the Arab Spring in the Gulf Monarchies.” Globalizations 8 (2011): 629-637.
  • U.S, Department of State Diplomacy in Action, U.S. Relations With Saudi Arabia, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, Fact Sheet, (August 23, 2013).
  • WHITAKER Brian, “Oman's Sultan Qaboos: a classy despot”, The Guardian, (4 March 2011).
  • WIARDA, Howard J. “Arab Fall or Arab Winter?” American Foreign Policy Interests 34 (2012): 134-137.
  • YOM, Sean L., F. Gregory Gause III. “Resilient Royals: How Arab Monarchies Hang On.” Journal of Democracy 23 (2012): 74-88.
  • The Cooperation for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) Secretariat General, “ The Economic Agreement between the GCC States” 22 nd Session, (Muscat: 2001).
  • For the Record, “Implications of the Arab Spring,” American Foreign Policy Interests 33 (2011): 293-294.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aydın Aydın Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 2013 Sayı: 30

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, A. (2013). Kalıtsal Petrol Monarşileri: Neden Arap Baharı GCC Arap Devletlerinde Başarısız Oldu?. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2013(30), 21-36.
AMA Aydın A. Kalıtsal Petrol Monarşileri: Neden Arap Baharı GCC Arap Devletlerinde Başarısız Oldu?. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Temmuz 2013;2013(30):21-36.
Chicago Aydın, Aydın. “Kalıtsal Petrol Monarşileri: Neden Arap Baharı GCC Arap Devletlerinde Başarısız Oldu?”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2013, sy. 30 (Temmuz 2013): 21-36.
EndNote Aydın A (01 Temmuz 2013) Kalıtsal Petrol Monarşileri: Neden Arap Baharı GCC Arap Devletlerinde Başarısız Oldu?. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2013 30 21–36.
IEEE A. Aydın, “Kalıtsal Petrol Monarşileri: Neden Arap Baharı GCC Arap Devletlerinde Başarısız Oldu?”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 2013, sy. 30, ss. 21–36, 2013.
ISNAD Aydın, Aydın. “Kalıtsal Petrol Monarşileri: Neden Arap Baharı GCC Arap Devletlerinde Başarısız Oldu?”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2013/30 (Temmuz 2013), 21-36.
JAMA Aydın A. Kalıtsal Petrol Monarşileri: Neden Arap Baharı GCC Arap Devletlerinde Başarısız Oldu?. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2013;2013:21–36.
MLA Aydın, Aydın. “Kalıtsal Petrol Monarşileri: Neden Arap Baharı GCC Arap Devletlerinde Başarısız Oldu?”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 2013, sy. 30, 2013, ss. 21-36.
Vancouver Aydın A. Kalıtsal Petrol Monarşileri: Neden Arap Baharı GCC Arap Devletlerinde Başarısız Oldu?. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2013;2013(30):21-36.

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi