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Obezitenin Sosyal Belirleyicileri: Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 48, 15 - 33, 30.12.2019

Öz

Obezite konusu genellikle tıbbi çözümlerin sunulduğu
tıbbi bir sorun olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu nedenle de daha çok bireylerin
diyetini değiştirme ve fiziksel egzersiz miktarını artırma meselesi olarak
görülmektedir. Oysa obezite sorununu anlayabilmek için, bireysel,
sosyoekonomik, kültürel ve politik faktörleri içeren sosyal belirleyicilerinin
de ele alınması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, obezite sosyoekonomik, kültürel ve
politik temelleri kabul edilmeden analiz edilemez.
Bu araştırmada, obezitenin sosyal
belirleyicileri Türkiye örneğinde ele alınmıştır. Obezitenin davranışsal,
sosyal ve çevresel faktörlerinin anlaşılması gerektiği ve ancak, sağlık
sektörünün ötesinde sosyal politikalar bağlamında alınacak önlemlerle
çözülebileceği vurgulanmıştır. Son olarak, sosyal, ekonomik ve politik
boyutları kullanarak, sağlığın sosyal belirleyicilerinin, bireylerin sağlığını
ve refahını nasıl etkilediğini göstermeye çalışacağız.



 

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

  • ReferencesAdler, N.E. and Stewart, J. (2009). Reducing Obesity: Motivating Action while Not Blaming the Victim. The Milbank Quarterly, 87(1), 49-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00547.x
  • Arıkan, I., Karakaya, K., Erata, M., Tuzun, H., Baran, E., Levent, G., ve Yeşil, H.K. (2014). Fighting Obesity Campaign in Turkey: Evaluation of Media Campaign Efficacy. Central European Journal of Public Health, 22(3), 170–174.DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3882
  • Bagriacik, N., Onat, H., Ilhan, B., Tarakci, T., Oşar, Z., Ozyazar, M., Hatemi & Yildiz, G. (2009). Obesity profile in Turkey. International Journal of Diabetes Metabolism, 17(1), 5-8.
  • Bittman, M. (2012). No Meatless Monday at USDA. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/31/no-meatless-mondays-at-the-usda/?emc=eta1
  • Blas, E., Sommerfeld, J., Kurup, A.S. (2011). Social Determinants Approaches to Public Health: from concept to practice. World Health Organization.
  • Branca, F., Nikogosian, H. and Lobstein, T. (2007). The Challenge of Obesity in the WHO European Region and the Strategies for Response. World Health Organization, http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/74746/E90711.pdf, accessed September 23, 2019.
  • Chokshi, D.A., and Stine, N.W. (2013). Reconsidering the Politics of Public Health. JAMA, 22, doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.110872
  • Chriqui, J.F., Chaloupka, F.J., Powell, L.M., and Eidson, S.S. (2013). A typology of beverage taxation: Multiple approaches for obesity prevention and obesity prevention-related revenue generation. Journal of Public Health Policy. doi: Io. Io57/jphp.2013.17, 1-21
  • Clapps, J. and Fuchs, D. (2009). Corporate Power in Agrifood Governance. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Cohen, L. and Swift, S. (1999). The Spectrum of Prevention: Developing a Comprehensive Approach to Injury Prevention. Injury Prevention, 5, 203–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.5.3.203
  • Crossley, N. (2004). Fat is a Sociological Issue: Obesity Rates in Late Modern, ‘Body-Conscious’ Societies. Social Theory & Health, 2, 222–253.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı (DPT). (2001). Ulusal gıda ve beslenme stratejisi çalışma grubu raporu. (Ulusal gıda ve beslenme eylem planı 1. aşama çalışması eki ile). file:///C:/Users/Akademik/Downloads/strateji.pdfaccessed, September 18, 2019.
  • Dinsa, G.D., Goryakin, Y., Fumagalli, E. and Suhrcke, M. (2012). Obesity and Socioeconomic Status in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. Obesity Reviews, 13, 1067–1079. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01017.x
  • Dixon, J., and Broom, D.H. (2007). Conclusion: Multiple Sins, Multiple Saviours. J. Dixon, J. and Broom, D.H (Eds.), In The Seven Deadly Sins of Obesity: How The Modern World is Making Us Fat (s. 172–187). University of New South Wales.
  • Dowell, D. and Farley, T.A. (2012). Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases in New York City. The Lancet, 380, 1787–89.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60733-8
  • Drewnoski, A. (2012). Obesity Treatment and Prevention: New Directions. Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series, 73, 143-145.
  • Ergin, I. Hassoy, H. and Kunst, A. (2011). Socio-economic Inequalities in Overweight Among Adults in Turkey: A Regional Revaluation. Public Health Nutrition, 15(1), 58–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011001972
  • Ersoy, C., Imamoglu, S., Tuncel, E., Erturk, E. and Ercan, I. (2005). Comparison of The Factors that Influence Obesity Prevalence in Three District Municipalities of The Same City with Different Socioeconomical Status: A Survey Analysis in An Urban Turkish Population. Preventive Medicine, 40, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.05.018
  • Finegood, D.T. (2012). The Importance of System Thinking to Obesity, In Drewnowski A, Rolls BJ (eds): Obesity Treatment and Prevention, New Directions. Basel: Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger, A.G.,73, pp 123–137. doi: 10.1159/000341308
  • Friel, S., Chopra, M. and Satcher, D. (2007). Unequal Weight: Equity-Oriented Policy Responses to The Global Obesity Epidemic. British Medical Journal, 335. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39377.622882.47
  • Glickman D., Parker, L., Sim, L.J., Del Valle Cook, H. and Miller, E.A. (2012). Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation. Washington DC: The National Academic Press.
  • Global Health Watch (2011). Social Determinants of Health.
  • Goran, M.I., Ulijaszek, S.J. and Ventura, E.E. (2013). High fructose corn syrup and diabetes prevalence: A global perspective. Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice, 8(1), 55-64. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2012.736257
  • Gortmaker, S.L., Swinburn, B.A., Levy, D., Carter, R., Mabry, P.L., Finegood, D.T., Huang, T., Marsh, T., and Moodie, M.L. (2011). Changing the Future of Obesity: Science, Policy, and Action. The Lancet, 378, 38-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60815-5
  • Haslam, D.W. and James, W.P. (2005). Obesity. The Lancet, 366 (9492): 1197-1209.
  • Hector, D., King, L., Hardy, L., St. George, A., Hebden, L., Espinel, P. and Rissel, C. (2012). Evidence update on obesity prevention; Across the life-course Prepared for NSW Ministry of Health. Sydney; Physical Activity Nutrition Obesity Research Group.
  • Henry, F.J. (2011). Obesity Prevention: The Key to Non-communicable Disease Control. West Indian Medical Journal, 60(4), 446.
  • HHS/USDA (2010). Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Herington, J., Dawson, A., & Draper, H. (2014). Obesity, liberty, and public health emergencies. Hastings Center Report, 44(6), 26-35.
  • İşeri, A. and Arslan, N. (2008) Obesity in Adults in Turkey: Age and Regional Effects. European Journal of Public Health, 19(1), 91-94. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckn107
  • IOM (Institute of Medicine). (2012). Measuring Progress in Obesity Prevention: Workshop Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
  • IOM (Institute of Medicine). (2010). Bridging the evidence gap in obesity prevention: A framework to inform decision making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://www.nap.edu/read/12847/chapter/1
  • Jones-Smith J.C., Gordon-Larsen, P. Siddiqi, A., Popkin, B.M. (2011). Emerging disparities in overweight by educational attainment in Chinese adults (1989-2006). International Journal of Obesity. doi: 10.1038/ıjo.2011.134
  • Kimura, A. H. (2011). Nationalism, patriarchy, and moralism: the government-led food reform in contemporary Japan. Food and Foodways, 19 (3), 201-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/07409710.2011.599778
  • Lang, T., Rayner, G. (2007). Overcoming Policy Cacophony on Obesity: An Ecological Public Health Framework for Policymakers. Obesity Reviews, 8,165-81.Lemmens, V., Oenema, A., Klepp, K., Henriksen, H. and Brug, J. (2008). A Systematic Review of The Evidence Regarding Efficacy of Obesity Prevention Interventions Among Adults. Obesity Review, 446-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00468.x
  • Lovasi, G.S., Hutson, M.A., Guerra, M. and Neckerman, K.M. (2009). Built Environments and Obesity in Disadvantaged Populations. Epidemiologic Reviews, 31, 7–20. DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxp005
  • McLaren, L. (2007) Socioeconomic Status and Obesity. Epidemiologic Reviews, 29, 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxm001
  • Mytton, O.T., Clarke, D. Rayner, M. (2012). Taxing unhealthy food and drinks to improve health. British Medical Journal, 344:e2931. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2931
  • Murray, C.J.L. and Marie, N.G. (2014). Nearly One-Third of the World’s Population is Obese or Overweight. accessed April 5, 2019.
  • OECD (2010). Obesity and the Economics of Prevention. Fit not Fat. http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/46044572.pdf, accessed on April 05, 2019.
  • OECD (2019). "Non-medical determinants of health." OECD Health Statistics (database). https://doi.org/10.1787/data-00546-en, accessed on April 05, 2019.
  • Pollack, A. (2013). A.M.A Recognizes Obesity as a Disease.
  • Popkin, B.M., Lu, B. and Zhai, F. (2002). Understanding the nutrition transition: measuring rapid dietary changesin transitional countries. Public Health Nutrition, 5, 947-953. doi:10.1079/PHN2002370
  • Popkin, B.M. (2004). The Nutrition Transition: An Overview of World Patterns of Change. Nutrition Reviews, 62(7), 140-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00084.x
  • Popkin, B.M. and Larson, G. (2004). The Nutrition Transition: Worldwide Obesity Dynamics and Their Determinants. International Journal of Obesity, 28, 2-9.
  • Popkin, B.M., Adair, L.S. and Ng, S.W. (2011). Global Nutrition Transition and The Pandemic of Obesity in Developing Countries. Nutrition Reviews, 70(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x
  • Powell, L.M., Chriqui, J.F., Khan, T., Wada, R. and Chaloupka, F.J. (2012). Assessing the potential effectiveness of food and beverage taxes and subsidies for improving public health: A systematic review of prices, demand and body weight outcomes. Obesity Reviews. doi:10.1111/obr.12002
  • Rosengren, A. and Lissner, L. (2008). The Sociology of Obesity, In Korbonist M. (ed): Obesity and Metabolism. Front Horm Res. Basel, Karger, 36, 260-270.
  • Satman, I., Yilmaz, T., Sengül, A., Salman, S., Salman, F., Uygur, S., ... & Karsidag, K. (2002). Population-based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey: results of the turkish diabetes epidemiology study (TURDEP). Diabetes care, 25(9), 1551-1556. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.9.1551
  • Share, M. and Strain, M. (2008). Making Schools and Young People Responsible: A Critical Analysis of Ireland’s Obesity Strategy. Health and Social Care in the Community, 16(3), 234-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2008.00763.x
  • Türkiye Sağlıklı Beslenme ve Hareketli Hayat Programı (2013). Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Yayın No: 773, Ankara.
  • Turkish Statistic Institute (TurkStat) (2012). Turkey in Statistics. Publication Number: 3942.
  • Turkish Ministry of Health (2010a). Türkiye’de Obezitenin Görülme Sıklığı.
  • Turkish Ministry of Health (2010b). Nutrition and Health Research.
  • Walls, H.L., Peeters, A., Proietto, J., McNeil, J.J. (2011). Public Health Campaigns and Obesity – A critique. Bio Med Central Public Health (BMC), 11, 136. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-11-136
  • Walls, H., Peeters, A., Loff, B. and Crammond, B. (2009). Why Education and Choice Won’t Solve The Obesity Problem. American Journal of Public Health, 9, 590-2.
  • WHO (2008). WHO European Action Plan for Food and Nutrition Policy 2007-2012
  • WHO (2008). Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health: A framework to monitor and evaluate implementation.
  • WHO (2009). Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease attributable to selected major risks.
  • WHO (2011). Countries: Turkey.
  • WHO (2012). World Health Statistics: A Snapshot of Global Health.
  • WHO (2018). Obesity and Overweight.
  • WHO (2019). Health Topics: Obesity.
  • Wikler, D. (2002). Personal and Social Responsibility for Health. Ethics and International Affairs, 16(2), 47-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2002.tb00396.x
  • Winson, A. (2010). The demand for healthy eating: Supporting a transformative food “movement”. Rural Sociology, 75(4), 584-600. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2010.00033.x

Social Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Turkey

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 48, 15 - 33, 30.12.2019

Öz

Obesity is often considered merely a medical problem with medical solutions. It is viewed as a matter of changing one’s diet and increasing physical exercise. However, to understand and address this complex issue, its social determinants must also be deliberated, which include individual, socioeconomic, cultural and political factors. Therefore, obesity cannot be analyzed without acknowledging its socioeconomic, cultural and political underpinnings. In this review, the social determinants of obesity in Turkey will be used as an illustrative example. We will highlight the behavioral, social, and environmental factors, and argue that only by identifying actions through social policies, beyond the health sector can obesity be clearly understood and tackled.  Finally, with the use of social, economic and political dimensions, we will show how the social conditions influence individuals’ health and well-being.

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • ReferencesAdler, N.E. and Stewart, J. (2009). Reducing Obesity: Motivating Action while Not Blaming the Victim. The Milbank Quarterly, 87(1), 49-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00547.x
  • Arıkan, I., Karakaya, K., Erata, M., Tuzun, H., Baran, E., Levent, G., ve Yeşil, H.K. (2014). Fighting Obesity Campaign in Turkey: Evaluation of Media Campaign Efficacy. Central European Journal of Public Health, 22(3), 170–174.DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3882
  • Bagriacik, N., Onat, H., Ilhan, B., Tarakci, T., Oşar, Z., Ozyazar, M., Hatemi & Yildiz, G. (2009). Obesity profile in Turkey. International Journal of Diabetes Metabolism, 17(1), 5-8.
  • Bittman, M. (2012). No Meatless Monday at USDA. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/31/no-meatless-mondays-at-the-usda/?emc=eta1
  • Blas, E., Sommerfeld, J., Kurup, A.S. (2011). Social Determinants Approaches to Public Health: from concept to practice. World Health Organization.
  • Branca, F., Nikogosian, H. and Lobstein, T. (2007). The Challenge of Obesity in the WHO European Region and the Strategies for Response. World Health Organization, http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/74746/E90711.pdf, accessed September 23, 2019.
  • Chokshi, D.A., and Stine, N.W. (2013). Reconsidering the Politics of Public Health. JAMA, 22, doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.110872
  • Chriqui, J.F., Chaloupka, F.J., Powell, L.M., and Eidson, S.S. (2013). A typology of beverage taxation: Multiple approaches for obesity prevention and obesity prevention-related revenue generation. Journal of Public Health Policy. doi: Io. Io57/jphp.2013.17, 1-21
  • Clapps, J. and Fuchs, D. (2009). Corporate Power in Agrifood Governance. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Cohen, L. and Swift, S. (1999). The Spectrum of Prevention: Developing a Comprehensive Approach to Injury Prevention. Injury Prevention, 5, 203–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.5.3.203
  • Crossley, N. (2004). Fat is a Sociological Issue: Obesity Rates in Late Modern, ‘Body-Conscious’ Societies. Social Theory & Health, 2, 222–253.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı (DPT). (2001). Ulusal gıda ve beslenme stratejisi çalışma grubu raporu. (Ulusal gıda ve beslenme eylem planı 1. aşama çalışması eki ile). file:///C:/Users/Akademik/Downloads/strateji.pdfaccessed, September 18, 2019.
  • Dinsa, G.D., Goryakin, Y., Fumagalli, E. and Suhrcke, M. (2012). Obesity and Socioeconomic Status in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. Obesity Reviews, 13, 1067–1079. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01017.x
  • Dixon, J., and Broom, D.H. (2007). Conclusion: Multiple Sins, Multiple Saviours. J. Dixon, J. and Broom, D.H (Eds.), In The Seven Deadly Sins of Obesity: How The Modern World is Making Us Fat (s. 172–187). University of New South Wales.
  • Dowell, D. and Farley, T.A. (2012). Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases in New York City. The Lancet, 380, 1787–89.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60733-8
  • Drewnoski, A. (2012). Obesity Treatment and Prevention: New Directions. Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series, 73, 143-145.
  • Ergin, I. Hassoy, H. and Kunst, A. (2011). Socio-economic Inequalities in Overweight Among Adults in Turkey: A Regional Revaluation. Public Health Nutrition, 15(1), 58–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011001972
  • Ersoy, C., Imamoglu, S., Tuncel, E., Erturk, E. and Ercan, I. (2005). Comparison of The Factors that Influence Obesity Prevalence in Three District Municipalities of The Same City with Different Socioeconomical Status: A Survey Analysis in An Urban Turkish Population. Preventive Medicine, 40, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.05.018
  • Finegood, D.T. (2012). The Importance of System Thinking to Obesity, In Drewnowski A, Rolls BJ (eds): Obesity Treatment and Prevention, New Directions. Basel: Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger, A.G.,73, pp 123–137. doi: 10.1159/000341308
  • Friel, S., Chopra, M. and Satcher, D. (2007). Unequal Weight: Equity-Oriented Policy Responses to The Global Obesity Epidemic. British Medical Journal, 335. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39377.622882.47
  • Glickman D., Parker, L., Sim, L.J., Del Valle Cook, H. and Miller, E.A. (2012). Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation. Washington DC: The National Academic Press.
  • Global Health Watch (2011). Social Determinants of Health.
  • Goran, M.I., Ulijaszek, S.J. and Ventura, E.E. (2013). High fructose corn syrup and diabetes prevalence: A global perspective. Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice, 8(1), 55-64. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2012.736257
  • Gortmaker, S.L., Swinburn, B.A., Levy, D., Carter, R., Mabry, P.L., Finegood, D.T., Huang, T., Marsh, T., and Moodie, M.L. (2011). Changing the Future of Obesity: Science, Policy, and Action. The Lancet, 378, 38-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60815-5
  • Haslam, D.W. and James, W.P. (2005). Obesity. The Lancet, 366 (9492): 1197-1209.
  • Hector, D., King, L., Hardy, L., St. George, A., Hebden, L., Espinel, P. and Rissel, C. (2012). Evidence update on obesity prevention; Across the life-course Prepared for NSW Ministry of Health. Sydney; Physical Activity Nutrition Obesity Research Group.
  • Henry, F.J. (2011). Obesity Prevention: The Key to Non-communicable Disease Control. West Indian Medical Journal, 60(4), 446.
  • HHS/USDA (2010). Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Herington, J., Dawson, A., & Draper, H. (2014). Obesity, liberty, and public health emergencies. Hastings Center Report, 44(6), 26-35.
  • İşeri, A. and Arslan, N. (2008) Obesity in Adults in Turkey: Age and Regional Effects. European Journal of Public Health, 19(1), 91-94. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckn107
  • IOM (Institute of Medicine). (2012). Measuring Progress in Obesity Prevention: Workshop Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
  • IOM (Institute of Medicine). (2010). Bridging the evidence gap in obesity prevention: A framework to inform decision making. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://www.nap.edu/read/12847/chapter/1
  • Jones-Smith J.C., Gordon-Larsen, P. Siddiqi, A., Popkin, B.M. (2011). Emerging disparities in overweight by educational attainment in Chinese adults (1989-2006). International Journal of Obesity. doi: 10.1038/ıjo.2011.134
  • Kimura, A. H. (2011). Nationalism, patriarchy, and moralism: the government-led food reform in contemporary Japan. Food and Foodways, 19 (3), 201-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/07409710.2011.599778
  • Lang, T., Rayner, G. (2007). Overcoming Policy Cacophony on Obesity: An Ecological Public Health Framework for Policymakers. Obesity Reviews, 8,165-81.Lemmens, V., Oenema, A., Klepp, K., Henriksen, H. and Brug, J. (2008). A Systematic Review of The Evidence Regarding Efficacy of Obesity Prevention Interventions Among Adults. Obesity Review, 446-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00468.x
  • Lovasi, G.S., Hutson, M.A., Guerra, M. and Neckerman, K.M. (2009). Built Environments and Obesity in Disadvantaged Populations. Epidemiologic Reviews, 31, 7–20. DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxp005
  • McLaren, L. (2007) Socioeconomic Status and Obesity. Epidemiologic Reviews, 29, 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxm001
  • Mytton, O.T., Clarke, D. Rayner, M. (2012). Taxing unhealthy food and drinks to improve health. British Medical Journal, 344:e2931. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2931
  • Murray, C.J.L. and Marie, N.G. (2014). Nearly One-Third of the World’s Population is Obese or Overweight. accessed April 5, 2019.
  • OECD (2010). Obesity and the Economics of Prevention. Fit not Fat. http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/46044572.pdf, accessed on April 05, 2019.
  • OECD (2019). "Non-medical determinants of health." OECD Health Statistics (database). https://doi.org/10.1787/data-00546-en, accessed on April 05, 2019.
  • Pollack, A. (2013). A.M.A Recognizes Obesity as a Disease.
  • Popkin, B.M., Lu, B. and Zhai, F. (2002). Understanding the nutrition transition: measuring rapid dietary changesin transitional countries. Public Health Nutrition, 5, 947-953. doi:10.1079/PHN2002370
  • Popkin, B.M. (2004). The Nutrition Transition: An Overview of World Patterns of Change. Nutrition Reviews, 62(7), 140-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00084.x
  • Popkin, B.M. and Larson, G. (2004). The Nutrition Transition: Worldwide Obesity Dynamics and Their Determinants. International Journal of Obesity, 28, 2-9.
  • Popkin, B.M., Adair, L.S. and Ng, S.W. (2011). Global Nutrition Transition and The Pandemic of Obesity in Developing Countries. Nutrition Reviews, 70(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x
  • Powell, L.M., Chriqui, J.F., Khan, T., Wada, R. and Chaloupka, F.J. (2012). Assessing the potential effectiveness of food and beverage taxes and subsidies for improving public health: A systematic review of prices, demand and body weight outcomes. Obesity Reviews. doi:10.1111/obr.12002
  • Rosengren, A. and Lissner, L. (2008). The Sociology of Obesity, In Korbonist M. (ed): Obesity and Metabolism. Front Horm Res. Basel, Karger, 36, 260-270.
  • Satman, I., Yilmaz, T., Sengül, A., Salman, S., Salman, F., Uygur, S., ... & Karsidag, K. (2002). Population-based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey: results of the turkish diabetes epidemiology study (TURDEP). Diabetes care, 25(9), 1551-1556. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.9.1551
  • Share, M. and Strain, M. (2008). Making Schools and Young People Responsible: A Critical Analysis of Ireland’s Obesity Strategy. Health and Social Care in the Community, 16(3), 234-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2008.00763.x
  • Türkiye Sağlıklı Beslenme ve Hareketli Hayat Programı (2013). Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Yayın No: 773, Ankara.
  • Turkish Statistic Institute (TurkStat) (2012). Turkey in Statistics. Publication Number: 3942.
  • Turkish Ministry of Health (2010a). Türkiye’de Obezitenin Görülme Sıklığı.
  • Turkish Ministry of Health (2010b). Nutrition and Health Research.
  • Walls, H.L., Peeters, A., Proietto, J., McNeil, J.J. (2011). Public Health Campaigns and Obesity – A critique. Bio Med Central Public Health (BMC), 11, 136. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-11-136
  • Walls, H., Peeters, A., Loff, B. and Crammond, B. (2009). Why Education and Choice Won’t Solve The Obesity Problem. American Journal of Public Health, 9, 590-2.
  • WHO (2008). WHO European Action Plan for Food and Nutrition Policy 2007-2012
  • WHO (2008). Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health: A framework to monitor and evaluate implementation.
  • WHO (2009). Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease attributable to selected major risks.
  • WHO (2011). Countries: Turkey.
  • WHO (2012). World Health Statistics: A Snapshot of Global Health.
  • WHO (2018). Obesity and Overweight.
  • WHO (2019). Health Topics: Obesity.
  • Wikler, D. (2002). Personal and Social Responsibility for Health. Ethics and International Affairs, 16(2), 47-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2002.tb00396.x
  • Winson, A. (2010). The demand for healthy eating: Supporting a transformative food “movement”. Rural Sociology, 75(4), 584-600. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2010.00033.x
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Sosyoloji
Yazarlar

Hulya Yuksel 0000-0003-1975-2248

Proje Numarası Yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 48

Kaynak Göster

APA Yuksel, H. (2019). Social Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Turkey. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(48), 15-33.
AMA Yuksel H. Social Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Turkey. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Aralık 2019;(48):15-33.
Chicago Yuksel, Hulya. “Social Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Turkey”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy. 48 (Aralık 2019): 15-33.
EndNote Yuksel H (01 Aralık 2019) Social Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Turkey. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 48 15–33.
IEEE H. Yuksel, “Social Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Turkey”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy. 48, ss. 15–33, Aralık 2019.
ISNAD Yuksel, Hulya. “Social Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Turkey”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 48 (Aralık 2019), 15-33.
JAMA Yuksel H. Social Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Turkey. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019;:15–33.
MLA Yuksel, Hulya. “Social Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Turkey”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy. 48, 2019, ss. 15-33.
Vancouver Yuksel H. Social Determinants of Obesity: The Case of Turkey. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019(48):15-33.

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi