Araştırma Makalesi
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Sosyal Medya ve Suç Korkusu: Algıları Ölçmek İçin Yeni Bir Ölçek Geliştirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 64, 217 - 242, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.35237/suitder.1627534

Öz

Bu çalışma sosyal medya platformlarındaki içeriklerin bireylerin suç korkuları üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak üzere ölçek geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Suç korkusu üzerine geliştirilmiş birden fazla ölçek bulunmaktadır. Bu ölçekler, bireylerin günlük yaşamlarındaki suç mağduru olma korkularına dair ölçümlerde bulunmaktadır. İnsanların ev, iş ve sosyal hayatta mağdur olma korkularına odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile bireylerin suç korkularını sosyal medya platformlarından kaynaklı içeriklerden ölçmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Ferraro (1995) yılında geliştirdiği ölçekten esinlenerek sosyal medya içeriklerine yorumlanmıştır. Ölçek 10 sorudan oluşturulmuş ancak yapılan çeşitli analizler sonrasında bir soru çıkartılarak 9 soruya düşürülmüştür. Keşfedici Faktör Analizi sonrasında SPSS önerisine göre tek boyutlu çalışılmıştır. Toplamda 423 katılımcı ile online ortamda iki aylık süreç içinde anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Oluşturulan veri setinin normal dağılım göstermesi üzerine t-test ve ANOVA analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece, yokluk hipotezleri test edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları çoğunlukla literatürdeki bulguları destekleyen sonuçlar göstermektedir. Örneğin, kadın ve yaşlı bireylerin suç korkuları erkek ve genç kişilere kıyasla daha çıkmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Sosyal Medya ve Suç Korkusu Ölçeği olarak adlandırılan bu ölçeğin uygulanabilir olduğu görülmektedir. Böylece, literatürde direkt sosyal medya platform ve içeriklerinin suç korkularını ölçmeye yönelik olan literatürdeki önemli bir açığın giderilmesine yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Anadolu Agency. (2024, January 31). 62% of the world’s population uses social media. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/science-technology/62-of-the-worlds-population-uses-social-media/3261985
  • Box, S., Hale, C., & Andrews, G. (1988). Explaining fear of crime. British Journal of Criminology, 28(3), 340–356. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047733
  • Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Callanan, V. J. (2012). Media consumption, perceptions of crime risk, and fear of crime: Examining race/ethnic differences. Sociological Perspectives, 55(1), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2012.55.1.93 Can, A. (2020). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Pegem Akademi.
  • Chiricos, T., Hogan, M., & Gertz, M. (1997). Racial composition of neighborhood and fear of crime.
  • Criminology, 35(1), 107–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1997.tb00872.x
  • Clemente, F., & Kleiman, B. M. (1977). Fear of crime in the United States: A multivariate analysis. Social Forces, 56(2), 519–531. https://doi.org/10.2307/2577738
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Courtauld, A. (2014). How the media controls our perceptions of crime. Shout Out UK. https://www.shoutoutuk.org/2014/11/08/how-the-media-controls-our-perceptions-of-crime/
  • Demirbaş, M. (2023). Türkiye’de suç korkusunun analizi: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşları ve Suriyeliler arasında suç korkusu. Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Doran, B. J., & Burgess, M. B. (2012). Putting fear of crime on the map. Springer.
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
  • Ferraro, K. F. (1995). Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk. State University of New York Press.
  • Ferraro, K. F., & LaGrange, R. L. (1987). The measurement of fear of crime. Sociological Inquiry, 57(1), 70–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb01181.x
  • Furstenberg, F. F. (2000). Public reaction to crime in the streets. In J. Ditton & S. Farrall (Eds.), The fear of crime. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315086613-1
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (17.0 update). Pearson.
  • Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication, 26(2), 172–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01397.x
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harvard University Press.
  • Groeneveld, R. A., & Meeden, G. (1984). Measuring skewness and kurtosis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series D (The Statistician), 33(4), 391–399. https://doi.org/10.2307/2987742
  • Güçlü, İ. (2020). Sosyal bilimlerde nicel veri analizi: Örneklerle SPSS uygulamaları ve yorumlanması. Gazi Yayınları.
  • Hale, C. (1996). Fear of crime: A review of literature. International Review of Victimology, 4(2), 79–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/026975809600400201
  • Halter, F. (2014). Introduction to statistical techniques. Academic Press.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1970). A second-generation little jiffy. Psychometrika, 35(4), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291817
  • Katz, C. M., Webb, V. J., & Armstrong, T. A. (2006). Fear of gangs: A test of alternative theoretical models. Justice Quarterly, 20(1), 95–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820300095471
  • Killias, M. (1990). Vulnerability: Towards a better understanding of a key variable in the genesis of fear of crime. Violence and Victims, 5(2), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.5.2.97
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308 Kul, M. (2012). Suçtan daha büyük suç korkusu. YeniYüzyıl Yayınları.
  • Mayers, A. (2013). Introduction to statistics and SPSS in psychology. Pearson.
  • Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. (2024, February 6). 86.5% of our population is online, 93.8% is mobile. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. https://sgb.uab.gov.tr/haberler/nufusumuzun-yuzde-86-5-i-cevrimici-yuzde-93-8-i-mobil
  • Näsi, M., Tanskanen, M., Kivivuori, J., Haara, P., & Reunanen, E. (2021). Crime news consumption and fear of violence: The role of traditional media, social media, and alternative information sources. Crime & Delinquency, 67(4), 525–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128720922539 Otis, M. D. (2007). Perceptions of victimization risk and fear among lesbians and gay men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(1), 198–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260506295346
  • Pain, R. (2000). Place, social relations, and the fear of crime: A review. Progress in Human Geography, 24(3), 365–387. https://doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540474
  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage.
  • Şan, M. K., & Yılmaz Altun, Ö. (2023). Erving Goffman ve çerçeve analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(2), 777–787. https://doi.org/10.35414/akusosbil.1281190.
  • Skogan, W. (1978). The fear of crime among the elderly. U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Solak, Ö. (2015). Gündelik hayat sosyolojisi açısından suç ve suç korkusu. In A. Solak & Ö. Solak (Eds.), Gündelik hayat sosyolojisi açısından suç ve suç korkusu (pp. 13–32). HEGEM Yayınları. Taherdoost, H., Sahibuddin, S., & Jalaliyoon, N. (2020). Exploratory factor analysis: Concepts and theory. WSEAS Press.
  • Ünver, N. (2020). Okulöncesi eğitim programını değerlendirme ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 28(2), 891–909. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.697826
  • Warr, M. (2000). Fear of crime in the United States: Avenues for research and policy. Criminal Justice, 4(4), 451–489. https://doi.org/10.1037/e514172006-001 We Are Social. (2024, February 23). Digital 2024: Turkey [Report]. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-turkey
  • Yegen, C. (2018). Doğru haber alma hakkı ve sosyal medya dezenformasyonunu doğruluk payı ve yalansavar ile tartışmak. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 5(4), 101–121. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.390324

Social Media and Fear of Crime: Development of a New Scale to Measure Perceptions

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 64, 217 - 242, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.35237/suitder.1627534

Öz

This study aims to develop a scale to understand the effects of content on social media platforms on individuals' fear of crime. Several scales have already been developed to measure fear of crime. These scales assess individuals' fears of becoming victims of crime in their daily lives, focusing on concerns related to victimization in their homes, workplaces, and social environments. This study seeks to measure individuals' fear of crime specifically arising from content on social media platforms. In this context, the scale was inspired by Ferraro’s (1995) scale and adapted to evaluate social media platforms. Initially, the scale consisted of 10 items, but after various analyses, one item was removed, reducing the scale to 9 items. Following Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), a unidimensional structure was adopted based on SPSS recommendations. An online survey was conducted with 423 participants over two months. As the dataset exhibited normal distribution, t-tests and ANOVA analyses were performed to test the null hypotheses. The results of the study largely align with findings in literature. For instance, women and older individuals reported higher levels of fear of crime compared to men and younger individuals. In conclusion, the scale, named the Social Media and Fear of Crime Scale, was found to be applicable. Thus, the study is expected to contribute to addressing a significant gap in the literature by directly measuring the impact of social media platforms and content on fear of crime.

Kaynakça

  • Anadolu Agency. (2024, January 31). 62% of the world’s population uses social media. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/science-technology/62-of-the-worlds-population-uses-social-media/3261985
  • Box, S., Hale, C., & Andrews, G. (1988). Explaining fear of crime. British Journal of Criminology, 28(3), 340–356. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047733
  • Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Callanan, V. J. (2012). Media consumption, perceptions of crime risk, and fear of crime: Examining race/ethnic differences. Sociological Perspectives, 55(1), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2012.55.1.93 Can, A. (2020). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Pegem Akademi.
  • Chiricos, T., Hogan, M., & Gertz, M. (1997). Racial composition of neighborhood and fear of crime.
  • Criminology, 35(1), 107–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1997.tb00872.x
  • Clemente, F., & Kleiman, B. M. (1977). Fear of crime in the United States: A multivariate analysis. Social Forces, 56(2), 519–531. https://doi.org/10.2307/2577738
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Courtauld, A. (2014). How the media controls our perceptions of crime. Shout Out UK. https://www.shoutoutuk.org/2014/11/08/how-the-media-controls-our-perceptions-of-crime/
  • Demirbaş, M. (2023). Türkiye’de suç korkusunun analizi: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşları ve Suriyeliler arasında suç korkusu. Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Doran, B. J., & Burgess, M. B. (2012). Putting fear of crime on the map. Springer.
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
  • Ferraro, K. F. (1995). Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk. State University of New York Press.
  • Ferraro, K. F., & LaGrange, R. L. (1987). The measurement of fear of crime. Sociological Inquiry, 57(1), 70–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb01181.x
  • Furstenberg, F. F. (2000). Public reaction to crime in the streets. In J. Ditton & S. Farrall (Eds.), The fear of crime. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315086613-1
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (17.0 update). Pearson.
  • Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication, 26(2), 172–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01397.x
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harvard University Press.
  • Groeneveld, R. A., & Meeden, G. (1984). Measuring skewness and kurtosis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series D (The Statistician), 33(4), 391–399. https://doi.org/10.2307/2987742
  • Güçlü, İ. (2020). Sosyal bilimlerde nicel veri analizi: Örneklerle SPSS uygulamaları ve yorumlanması. Gazi Yayınları.
  • Hale, C. (1996). Fear of crime: A review of literature. International Review of Victimology, 4(2), 79–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/026975809600400201
  • Halter, F. (2014). Introduction to statistical techniques. Academic Press.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1970). A second-generation little jiffy. Psychometrika, 35(4), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291817
  • Katz, C. M., Webb, V. J., & Armstrong, T. A. (2006). Fear of gangs: A test of alternative theoretical models. Justice Quarterly, 20(1), 95–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820300095471
  • Killias, M. (1990). Vulnerability: Towards a better understanding of a key variable in the genesis of fear of crime. Violence and Victims, 5(2), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.5.2.97
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308 Kul, M. (2012). Suçtan daha büyük suç korkusu. YeniYüzyıl Yayınları.
  • Mayers, A. (2013). Introduction to statistics and SPSS in psychology. Pearson.
  • Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. (2024, February 6). 86.5% of our population is online, 93.8% is mobile. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. https://sgb.uab.gov.tr/haberler/nufusumuzun-yuzde-86-5-i-cevrimici-yuzde-93-8-i-mobil
  • Näsi, M., Tanskanen, M., Kivivuori, J., Haara, P., & Reunanen, E. (2021). Crime news consumption and fear of violence: The role of traditional media, social media, and alternative information sources. Crime & Delinquency, 67(4), 525–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128720922539 Otis, M. D. (2007). Perceptions of victimization risk and fear among lesbians and gay men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(1), 198–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260506295346
  • Pain, R. (2000). Place, social relations, and the fear of crime: A review. Progress in Human Geography, 24(3), 365–387. https://doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540474
  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage.
  • Şan, M. K., & Yılmaz Altun, Ö. (2023). Erving Goffman ve çerçeve analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(2), 777–787. https://doi.org/10.35414/akusosbil.1281190.
  • Skogan, W. (1978). The fear of crime among the elderly. U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Solak, Ö. (2015). Gündelik hayat sosyolojisi açısından suç ve suç korkusu. In A. Solak & Ö. Solak (Eds.), Gündelik hayat sosyolojisi açısından suç ve suç korkusu (pp. 13–32). HEGEM Yayınları. Taherdoost, H., Sahibuddin, S., & Jalaliyoon, N. (2020). Exploratory factor analysis: Concepts and theory. WSEAS Press.
  • Ünver, N. (2020). Okulöncesi eğitim programını değerlendirme ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 28(2), 891–909. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.697826
  • Warr, M. (2000). Fear of crime in the United States: Avenues for research and policy. Criminal Justice, 4(4), 451–489. https://doi.org/10.1037/e514172006-001 We Are Social. (2024, February 23). Digital 2024: Turkey [Report]. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-turkey
  • Yegen, C. (2018). Doğru haber alma hakkı ve sosyal medya dezenformasyonunu doğruluk payı ve yalansavar ile tartışmak. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 5(4), 101–121. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.390324
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Adli Sosyal Bilimler, Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Demirbaş 0000-0002-9760-1130

Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 7 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 64

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirbaş, M. (2025). Social Media and Fear of Crime: Development of a New Scale to Measure Perceptions. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi(64), 217-242. https://doi.org/10.35237/suitder.1627534