Beyrut’un Tarihi Mahallelerinde Afet Sonrası Müdahaleler: Uyarlamalı Yeniden Kullanım Stratejileri

Öz

4 Ağustos 2020'deki Beyrut Limanı patlaması, Mar Mikhael, Gemmayzeh ve Saifi dahil olmak üzere eski mahallelere fiziksel hasar vererek, kentsel mirasın korunması ve restorasyonunu etkileyen kültürel, sosyal ve kurumsal çatlakları ortaya çıkardı. Bu araştırma, uyarlanabilir yeniden kullanıma odaklanarak, afet sonrası miras kurtarma sürecini ele alıyor ve kurtarmanın sadece yeniden inşa etmekle ilgili olmadığını, mimariyi onarmayı ve kolektif hafızayı ve sosyal direnci yeniden şekillendirmeyi yeniden ele alan çok boyutlu bir süreç olduğunu savunuyor. Araştırma, literatürü, ulusal ve uluslararası miras koruma ve risk temelli kurtarma üzerine kapsamlı araştırmaları ve Beyrut'un eski mahallelerinde uygulanan uyarlanabilir yeniden kullanım eylemlerini incelemeye dayanmaktadır. Mar Mikhael Tren İstasyonu ve Sursock Müzesi, müdahalelerde kullanılan farklı malzeme türlerinin kentsel kimliği nasıl etkilediğini değerlendirmek için kullanılmıştır. Bu makalenin yazarları, her iki alandaki hasarın fiziksel ve soyut miras değerlerini nasıl yansıttığını ve mirasın bu iki yönünün, hızlı acil durum istikrara kavuşturma ile özgünlüğün uzun vadeli korunması arasında nasıl bir rekabet oluşturduğunu incelemiştir. Kritik bir analiz ayrıca, yukarıdan aşağıya kurumsal çerçeveler tarafından benimsenen sistematik yaklaşımlar ile yerel vatandaşların aşağıdan yukarıya girişimleri arasında dinamikler olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu makalenin yazarları, sosyal parçalanmayı ve soylulaştırmayı önlemede yerel bireylerin katılımının, topluluk kimliğinin korunmasının önemli bir yönü olduğunu belirtmektedir. Araştırmanın bulguları, uyarlanabilir yeniden kullanımın, modern ihtiyaçları karşılayabilen ve soyut miras unsurlarını koruyabilen güçlü ve etik bir restorasyon tekniği olduğunu göstermektedir. Makale, uyarlanabilir yeniden kullanımı teknik bir tasarım çözümünden daha fazlası, kimlik, hafıza ve kentsel direnç oluşturan ontolojik bir araç olarak önererek, afet sonrası kentsel mirasın korunmasına ilişkin tartışmaları genişletmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet sonrası toparlanma
• uygulanabilir yeniden kullanım
• tarihi mahalleler
• kültürel miras
• beyrut;dayanıklılık

Post-Disaster Interventions in Beirut's Historic Neighborhoods Adaptive Reuse Strategies

Abstract

The August 4, 2020, Port of Beirut explosion physically damaged old neighborhoods including Mar Mikhael, Gemmayzeh and Saifi, exposing cultural, social and institutional fissures that influence the protection and restoration of urban heritage. The research considers the post-disaster heritage recovery process, with a focus on adaptive reuse, and argues that recovery is not just about reconstructing, but a multi-dimensional process reconsidering repairing architecture and recasting collective memory and social resilience. The research has revolved upon reviewing the literature, exhaustive researches on national and international heritage protection and risk-based recovery and investigation of adaptive re-use actions implemented in Beirut's old quarters. The Mar Mikhael Train Station and the Sursock Museum have been used to assess how different types of materials used in interventions affect urban identity. The authors of this paper reviewed how the damage to both sites reflects physical and intangible heritage values, and how these two aspects of heritage compete with rapid emergency stabilization versus the long-term preservation of authenticity. A critical analysis also shows that there are dynamics between systematic approaches taken by top-down institutional frameworks compared to the bottom-up initiatives of local citizens. The authors of this paper note that the involvement of local individuals in preventing social fragmentation and gentrification is an important aspect of preserving community identity. The findings of the research indicate that adaptive reuse is a strong and ethical restoration technique which can cater for modern needs and protect intangible heritage elements. The article extends the debates on post-disaster conservation of urban heritage by suggesting adaptive reuse as more than a technical design solution, but an ontological tool that constructs identity, memory and urban resilience.

Keywords

• post-diaster recovery
• adaptive reuse
• historic neighborhoods
• cultural heritage
• beirut;resilience

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