Türkiye’de Kurum Bakımından Ayrılan Bireylerin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Düzeyleri

Öz

Kurum bakımından ayrılan bireylerin psikososyal sağlık açısından güçlenmesi ve kurum dışında bir yaşama geçmesi, sosyal destek sistemlerinin işlevselliği aracılığıyla mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu araştırma, kurum bakımı geçmişi olan bireylerin psikolojik dayanıklılık (yılmazlık) düzeylerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırmada nicel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini sivil toplum kuruluşlarına kayıtlı olan ve kartopu örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılan kurum bakımından ayrılmış 107 birey oluşturmaktır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Yetişkinler İçin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılardan toplanan verileri analiz etmek için SPSS 23 programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, kurum bakımından ayrılan bireylerin psikolojik dayanıklılıklarının, bakıma alınma yaşına, bakımdan ayrılma yaşına ve zor dönemlerinde sosyal destek alma durumuna göre farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Bulgular, yüksek lisans eğitimi alan, daha yüksek gelir elde eden ve eşi olan katılımcıların, daha az eğitim alan, daha az gelir elde eden ve eşi olmayan katılımcılara göre daha yüksek psikolojik dayanıklılık seviyelerine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, 7–17 yaşları arasında kurum bakımından ayrılan katılımcılar, arkadaşlarla ilişkiler, sosyal destek alma durumu ve ihtiyaç halinde birine ulaşma durumu ile ilgili olan Sosyal Kaynaklar alt boyutundan 18–22 yaşları arasında kurum bakımından ayrılanlara göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek ortalama puanlar almıştır. Bu, 7–17 yaşları arasında kurum bakımından ayrılan bireylerin daha fazla sosyal destek aldığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dayanıklılık
• Sosyal hizmet
• Uzun dönemli bakım
• Sosyal politika
• Sosyal hizmet araştırması

Resilience Levels of Care Leavers in Turkey

Öz

Gaining strength of care leavers in terms of psychosocial health and getting into the life out of an institution may be possible through social support systems’ get functionality. This research aims to test the resilience degrees of care leavers. We used the quantitative method in this research. The study sample includes voluntary care leavers registered to non-governmental organizations and the other care leavers that reached by using snowball sampling. To reveal the resilience degrees of care leavers, we used The Resilience Scale for Adults as a data collecting tool in this study. According to the research, we reached 107 care leavers. We used SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 23 to analyze the data collected from the participants. We found that participants who received graduate education, gained higher income, and had a spouse had higher resilience levels than those who received less education, gained less income, and didn't have a spouse. Furthermore, participants who left institutional care at ages 7–17 had significantly higher score averages from the Social Resources sub-dimension, which is related to relationships with friends, the status of receiving social support, and the status of having a contact in case of need, than those who left institutional care at ages 18–22. It can be inferred that individuals who left institutional care at the ages of 7–17 received more social support.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Resilience
• Social work
• Long-term care
• Social policy
• Social work research

Kaynakça

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