Öz
Weeds are the main problems for organic and traditional cropping system. According to
the researches, it was found that weeds decrease the yield by 21-61% especially in cotton and
corn production. Herbicides use for controlling weeds destroys the environment and increases the
cost. Recently microwave applications are considered for controlling weed plants due to the
growing concerns about herbicide resistance and chemical residues in the environment. Recent
studies proved that microwave can kill the weeds effectively.
In this study, the possibilities of using microwave energy to kill the weeds between the rows were
investigated in corn and cotton production at laboratory conditions. Four weed varieties cocklebur
(Xanthium strumarium), Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense (L.)), Black Nightshade (Solanum
nigrum), Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon) were selected since they are the most common weeds
found at corn and cotton production. In the experiment, weeds with three different development
stages: weeds with four leaves, eight leaves and weeds at seeding stage were exposed to
minimum 0.8 kW and maximum 5.6 kW microwave power with four different forward speeds were
0.05 –0.1 – 0.3 - 1 m s-1.
According to the results; all four types of weeds were be able to be killed by microwave
applications. The required microwave power to kill the weeds increased with increasing forward
speed. It was found that forward speed of 1 m s-1 was not effective to kill the weeds with
maximum power of 5.6 kW. All four weeds required more power for killing when they are at late
growing stages. Generally, cocklebur and Black Nightshade required less power comparing Johnson
Grass and Bermuda Grass. Bermuda Grass was the only weed which required maximum 5.6 kW
microwave power level at all forward speeds at laboratory conditions.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Ark, P. A. and W. Parry, 1940. Application of High-Frequency Electrostatic Fields in Agriculture. The Quarterly Review of Biology. 15(2): 172-191.
- Bebawi, F. F., Cooper, A. P., Brodie, G., Madigan, I., Vitelli, B., Worsley, A., J. S. and Davis, K. M. 2007. Effect of microwave radiation on seed mortality of rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora R.Br.), parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorous L.) and bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.). Plant Protection Quarterly. 22(4): 136- 142.
- Brodie, G., G. Harris, L. Pasma,, A. Travers, , D. Leyson, , C. Lancaster, and J. Woodworth, 2009. Microwave Soil Heating for Controlling Ryegrass Seed Germination.
- Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. 52(1): 295-302.
- Brodie, G., C. Botta, and J. Woodworth, 2007. Preliminary Investigation into Microwave Soil Pasteurization Using Wheat as a Test Species. Plant Protection Quarterly. 22(2): 72-75
- Brodie, G., S. Hamilton, and J. Woodworth, 2007. An Assessment of Microwave Soil Pasteurization for Killing Seeds and Weeds. Plant Protection Quarterly. 22(4): 143-149
- Burnside, O. C., R. S. Moomaw, , F. W. Roeth, , G. A. Wicks, and R. G. Wilson, 1986. Weed Seed Demise in Soil in Weed-Free Crn (Zea mays) Production Across Nabraska. Weed Science. 34(2): 248-251
- Davis, F. S., Wayland, J. R. and Merkle, M. G. 1971. Ultrahigh-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields for Weed Control: Phytotoxicity and Selectivity. Science. 173(3996): 535-537.
- Davis, F. S., J. R. Wayland, and M. G. Merkle, 1973. Phytotoxicity of a UHF Electromagnetic Field. Nature. 241(5387): 291-292.
- Heap, I. M. 1997. The Occurrence of Herbicide-resistant Weeds Worldwide. Pesticide Science. 51(3): 235-243. Kremer, R. J. 1993. Management of Weed Seed Banks with Microorganisms. Ecological Applications. 3(1): 42-52.
- Nelson, S. O. and L. E. Stetson, 1985. Germination Responses of Selected Plant Species to RF Electrical Seed Treatment. Transactions of the ASAE. 28(6): 2051- 2058.
- Nelson, S. O. 1996. A Review and Assessment of Microwave Energy for Soil Treatment to Control Pests. Transactions of the ASAE. 39(1): 281-289.
- Tran, V. N. 1979. Effects of Microwave Energy on the Strophiole, Seed Coat and Germination of Acacia Seeds. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 6(3): 277-287.
- Tran, V. N. and A. K Cavanagh. 1979. Effects of Microwave Energy on Acacia Longifolia. Journal of Microwave Power. 14(1): 21-27.
Öz
Weeds are the main problems for organic and traditional cropping system. According to
the researches, it was found that weeds decrease the yield by 21-61% especially in cotton and
corn production. Herbicides use for controlling weeds destroys the environment and increases the
cost. Recently microwave applications are considered for controlling weed plants due to the
growing concerns about herbicide resistance and chemical residues in the environment. Recent
studies proved that microwave can kill the weeds effectively.
In this study, the possibilities of using microwave energy to kill the weeds between the rows were
investigated in corn and cotton production at laboratory conditions. Four weed varieties cocklebur
(Xanthium strumarium), Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense (L.)), Black Nightshade (Solanum
nigrum), Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon) were selected since they are the most common weeds
found at corn and cotton production. In the experiment, weeds with three different development
stages: weeds with four leaves, eight leaves and weeds at seeding stage were exposed to
minimum 0.8 kW and maximum 5.6 kW microwave power with four different forward speeds were
0.05 –0.1 – 0.3 - 1 m s-1.
According to the results; all four types of weeds were be able to be killed by microwave
applications. The required microwave power to kill the weeds increased with increasing forward
speed. It was found that forward speed of 1 m s-1 was not effective to kill the weeds with
maximum power of 5.6 kW. All four weeds required more power for killing when they are at late
growing stages. Generally, cocklebur and Black Nightshade required less power comparing Johnson
Grass and Bermuda Grass. Bermuda Grass was the only weed which required maximum 5.6 kW
microwave power level at all forward speeds at laboratory conditions.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Ark, P. A. and W. Parry, 1940. Application of High-Frequency Electrostatic Fields in Agriculture. The Quarterly Review of Biology. 15(2): 172-191.
- Bebawi, F. F., Cooper, A. P., Brodie, G., Madigan, I., Vitelli, B., Worsley, A., J. S. and Davis, K. M. 2007. Effect of microwave radiation on seed mortality of rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora R.Br.), parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorous L.) and bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.). Plant Protection Quarterly. 22(4): 136- 142.
- Brodie, G., G. Harris, L. Pasma,, A. Travers, , D. Leyson, , C. Lancaster, and J. Woodworth, 2009. Microwave Soil Heating for Controlling Ryegrass Seed Germination.
- Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. 52(1): 295-302.
- Brodie, G., C. Botta, and J. Woodworth, 2007. Preliminary Investigation into Microwave Soil Pasteurization Using Wheat as a Test Species. Plant Protection Quarterly. 22(2): 72-75
- Brodie, G., S. Hamilton, and J. Woodworth, 2007. An Assessment of Microwave Soil Pasteurization for Killing Seeds and Weeds. Plant Protection Quarterly. 22(4): 143-149
- Burnside, O. C., R. S. Moomaw, , F. W. Roeth, , G. A. Wicks, and R. G. Wilson, 1986. Weed Seed Demise in Soil in Weed-Free Crn (Zea mays) Production Across Nabraska. Weed Science. 34(2): 248-251
- Davis, F. S., Wayland, J. R. and Merkle, M. G. 1971. Ultrahigh-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields for Weed Control: Phytotoxicity and Selectivity. Science. 173(3996): 535-537.
- Davis, F. S., J. R. Wayland, and M. G. Merkle, 1973. Phytotoxicity of a UHF Electromagnetic Field. Nature. 241(5387): 291-292.
- Heap, I. M. 1997. The Occurrence of Herbicide-resistant Weeds Worldwide. Pesticide Science. 51(3): 235-243. Kremer, R. J. 1993. Management of Weed Seed Banks with Microorganisms. Ecological Applications. 3(1): 42-52.
- Nelson, S. O. and L. E. Stetson, 1985. Germination Responses of Selected Plant Species to RF Electrical Seed Treatment. Transactions of the ASAE. 28(6): 2051- 2058.
- Nelson, S. O. 1996. A Review and Assessment of Microwave Energy for Soil Treatment to Control Pests. Transactions of the ASAE. 39(1): 281-289.
- Tran, V. N. 1979. Effects of Microwave Energy on the Strophiole, Seed Coat and Germination of Acacia Seeds. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 6(3): 277-287.
- Tran, V. N. and A. K Cavanagh. 1979. Effects of Microwave Energy on Acacia Longifolia. Journal of Microwave Power. 14(1): 21-27.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 14 Ekim 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2016 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4 |
Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, Tarım Makinaları Derneği tarafından yılda 3 sayı olarak yayınlanan hakemli bilimsel bir dergidir.