Energy Balance for Production of Selected Crops in Turkey

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 22 - 33, 04.04.2021

Koç Mehmet Tuğrul

Öz

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the energy input, energy output and energy output/input ratio of four selected crops (sugar beet, wheat, sunflower and maize) during 2017 and 2018 cultivation seasons in Turkey. Operational data’s were determined by a questionnaire applied to 140 farmers from 25 regions. The results showed that the highest average energy input was 65389.32 MJ ha-1 for sugar beet and least was 24595.23 MJ ha-1 for wheat. In these operational inputs, the highest energy requirements were found for seedbed preparation, harvesting and hoeing respectively. Average energy use efficiency varied from 16.49, 2.84, 2.36 and 4.44 for sugar beet, wheat, sunflower and maize respectively. It was found that whereas the highest direct energy input was 44.31% for sugar beet. The non-renewable form of energy input was about 85.98-88.08% of the total energy input. In the light of these results; it can be said that methods such as applying new soil processing systems in large agricultural areas, introducing different agricultural and alternative fertilizer usage methods, planning in irrigation properly, switching to new irrigation methods and spreading the use of alternative energy sources in agriculture are important factors in reducing energy consumption and usage in agriculture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Energy consumption, energy ratio, efficiency, field crops

Türkiye'de Bazı Bitkilerin Üretimi İçin Enerji Dengesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'de 2017 ve 2018 ekim sezonlarında seçilen dört mahsulün (şeker pancarı, buğday, ayçiçeği ve mısır) enerji girdisi, enerji çıktısı ve enerji çıktı / girdi oranını analiz etmektir. Operasyonel veriler, 25 bölgeden 140 çiftçiye uygulanan anket ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, en yüksek ortalama enerji girdisinin şeker pancarı için 65389.32 MJ ha-1 ve buğday için en az 24595.23 MJ ha-1 olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu operasyonel girdilerde en yüksek enerji ihtiyacı sırasıyla tohum yatağı hazırlama, hasat ve çapalama için bulunmuştur. Ortalama enerji kullanım verimliliği şeker pancarı, buğday, ayçiçeği ve mısır için sırasıyla 16.49, 2.84, 2.36 ve 4.44 arasında değişmiştir. Şeker pancarında en yüksek direk enerji girdisi % 44,31 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yenilenemez enerji girdisi toplam enerji girdisinin yaklaşık % 85.98-88.08'i olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar ışığında; tarımda enerji tüketimini ve kullanımını azaltmak için geniş tarım alanlarında yeni toprak işleme sistemlerinin uygulanması, farklı tarımsal ve alternatif gübre kullanım yöntemlerinin tanıtılması, sulamada doğru planlama, yeni sulama yöntemlerine geçiş ve tarımda alternatif enerji kaynaklarının kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması gibi yöntemlerin önemli faktörler olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enerji tüketimi, enerji oranı, verimlilik, tarla bitkileri

Kaynakça

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