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Energy Balance for Production of Selected Crops in Turkey

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 22 - 33, 04.04.2021

Öz

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the energy input, energy output and energy output/input ratio of four selected crops (sugar beet, wheat, sunflower and maize) during 2017 and 2018 cultivation seasons in Turkey. Operational data’s were determined by a questionnaire applied to 140 farmers from 25 regions. The results showed that the highest average energy input was 65389.32 MJ ha-1 for sugar beet and least was 24595.23 MJ ha-1 for wheat. In these operational inputs, the highest energy requirements were found for seedbed preparation, harvesting and hoeing respectively. Average energy use efficiency varied from 16.49, 2.84, 2.36 and 4.44 for sugar beet, wheat, sunflower and maize respectively. It was found that whereas the highest direct energy input was 44.31% for sugar beet. The non-renewable form of energy input was about 85.98-88.08% of the total energy input. In the light of these results; it can be said that methods such as applying new soil processing systems in large agricultural areas, introducing different agricultural and alternative fertilizer usage methods, planning in irrigation properly, switching to new irrigation methods and spreading the use of alternative energy sources in agriculture are important factors in reducing energy consumption and usage in agriculture.

Kaynakça

  • Abbas, A., Yang, M., Yousaf, K., Khan, K.A., Iqbal, T. and Hassan, S.G. 2018. Comparative Analysis Energy Use Efficiency in Food Grain Production System of Pakistan. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27, 1053-1059, Pakistan.
  • Abdul Rahman, F., Abdul Rahman, F., Maniruzzaman, M.D., Aziz, A. and Saidur, R. 2017. The Impact of Alternative Energy to Human Sustainability: A Review. Proceeding Persidangan Antarabangsa Kelestarian Insan (INSAN2017), Ayer Keroh, Malacca, Malaysia, 1-2 November 2017.
  • Alluvione, F., Moretti, B., Sacco, D. and Grignani, C. 2011. EUE (energy use efficiency) of cropping systems for a sustainable agriculture. Energy, 36:4468-4481.
  • Asgharipour, M.R., Mondani, F. and Riahinia, S. 2012. Energy use efficiency and economic analysis of sugar beet production system in Iran: a case study in Khorasan Razavi province. Energy, 44:1078-1084.
  • Azarpour, E. 2012. Determination of energy balance and energy indices in wheat production under watered farming in north of Iran. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 7(4):250-255.
  • Azizi, A. and Heidari, S. 2013. A comparative study on energy balance and economical indices in irrigated and dry land barley production systems. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 10:1019-1028.
  • Baran, M.F. and Gokdoğan, O. 2016. Determination of energy balance of sugar beet production in Turkey: a case study of Kırklareli Province. Energy Efficiency, 9:487-494 (In Turkish).
  • Beckman, J., Borchers, A. and Jones, C.A. 2013. Agriculture’s Supply and Demand for Energy and Energy Products, EIB-112, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, May 2013. www.ers.usda.gov (01.10.2020).
  • Chamsing, A., Salokhe, V. and Singh, G. 2006. Energy Consumption Analysis for Selected Crops in Different Regions of Thailand. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGRE journal, Manuscript, 8, 6-13.
  • Climate 2018. Climate of Turkey. https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/turkey#start . (01.10.2020).
  • Gellings, C.W. and Parmenter, K.E. 2001. Efficient Use and Conservation of Energy in the Agricultural Sector, Vol. II. http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c08/E3-18-04.pdf (01.10.2020).
  • Gołaszewski, J. and de Visser, C. 2012. State of the art on energy efficiency in agriculture. FP7 Program of the EU, Agreement Number: 289139. https://dspace.uevora.pt/rdpc/bitstream/10174/8766/1/AGREE_D3.1._Econ%2Benviro_analysis_of_EE_measures_in_AgrFinal27.06.2013.pdf. (01.10.2020).
  • Hulsbergen, K.J., Feil, B., Biermann, S., Rathke, G.W., Kalk, W.D. and Diepenbrock, W.A. 2001. Method of energy balancing in crop production and its applications in a longterm fertilizer trial. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 86:303-321.
  • Kempen, M. and Kraenzlein, T. 2008. Energy Use in Agriculture: A Modeling Approach to Evaluate Energy Reduction Policies. 107th EAAE Seminar "Modelling of Agricultural and Rural Development Policies". January 29th -February 1st, Sevilla, Spain.
  • Kheiry, A.N.O. and Dahab, M.H. 2016. Energy Input-Output Analysis for Production of Selected Crops in the Central Clay Vertisols of Gezira Agricultural Scheme (Sudan). International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5, 1215-1220.
  • Lorzadeh, S.H., Mahdavidamghani, A., Enayatgholizadeh, M.R. and Yousefi, M. 2012. Research of Energy use efficiency for maize production systems in Izeh, Iran. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 99:137-142.
  • Mandal, K.G., Saha, K.P., Ghosh, P.K., Hati, K.M. and Bandyopadhyay, K.K. 2002. Bioenergy and economic analysis of soybean based crop production systems in central India. Biomass and Bioenergy, 23:337-345.
  • Memon, S.Q., Mirjat, M.S., Mughal, A.Q. and Amjad, N. 2012. Evaluation of Inputs and Outputs Energy for Maize Grain Yield, Sarhad J. Agric. Vol.28, No:3.
  • Miranowski, J.A. 2016. Energy Consumption in US Agriculture. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5132863 (01.10.2020).
  • Mohammadi, A. and Omid, M. 2010. Economical analysis and relation between energy inputs and yield of greenhouse cucumber production in Iran. Applied Energy, 87:191-196.
  • Özgöz, E., Altuntas, E. and Asiltürk, M. 2017. Effects of soil tillage on energy use in potato farming in Central Anatolia of Turkey. Energy, 141:1517-1523.
  • Pimentel, D. 2009. Energy Inputs in Food Crop Production in Developing and Developed Nations. Energies, 2:1-24.
  • Shahgholi, G., Gundoshmian, T.M., Molaie, F. and Eskandari, O. 2018. Energy use pattern in production of sugar beet in western Azerbaijan province of Iran. AgricEngInt: CIGR Journal, 20:118-127.
  • Strnad, L. and Misa, P. 2016. Energy Use of Different Farming Systems in Long‑Term Trial. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 64:1667-1674.
  • Sueri, A. and Turhan, M. 2002. Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Plant Nutrient Content of Sugar Beet Growing Area Soils of Some Sugar Factories. Second National Sugar Beet Production Symposium. p: 142-155, 10-11 September, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • SugInst. 2017. Long-term precipitation and temperature measurement charts. Sugar Institute, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Tipi, T., Cetin, B. and Vardar, C. 2009. An analysis of energy use and input costs for wheat production in Turkey. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 7:352-356.
  • Uzunoz. M., Akcay, Y. and Esengun, K. 2008. Energy Input-output Analysis of Sunflower Seed (Helianthus annuus L.) Oil in Turkey, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 3:215-223.

Türkiye'de Bazı Bitkilerin Üretimi İçin Enerji Dengesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 22 - 33, 04.04.2021

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'de 2017 ve 2018 ekim sezonlarında seçilen dört mahsulün (şeker pancarı, buğday, ayçiçeği ve mısır) enerji girdisi, enerji çıktısı ve enerji çıktı / girdi oranını analiz etmektir. Operasyonel veriler, 25 bölgeden 140 çiftçiye uygulanan anket ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, en yüksek ortalama enerji girdisinin şeker pancarı için 65389.32 MJ ha-1 ve buğday için en az 24595.23 MJ ha-1 olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu operasyonel girdilerde en yüksek enerji ihtiyacı sırasıyla tohum yatağı hazırlama, hasat ve çapalama için bulunmuştur. Ortalama enerji kullanım verimliliği şeker pancarı, buğday, ayçiçeği ve mısır için sırasıyla 16.49, 2.84, 2.36 ve 4.44 arasında değişmiştir. Şeker pancarında en yüksek direk enerji girdisi % 44,31 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yenilenemez enerji girdisi toplam enerji girdisinin yaklaşık % 85.98-88.08'i olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar ışığında; tarımda enerji tüketimini ve kullanımını azaltmak için geniş tarım alanlarında yeni toprak işleme sistemlerinin uygulanması, farklı tarımsal ve alternatif gübre kullanım yöntemlerinin tanıtılması, sulamada doğru planlama, yeni sulama yöntemlerine geçiş ve tarımda alternatif enerji kaynaklarının kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması gibi yöntemlerin önemli faktörler olduğu söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Abbas, A., Yang, M., Yousaf, K., Khan, K.A., Iqbal, T. and Hassan, S.G. 2018. Comparative Analysis Energy Use Efficiency in Food Grain Production System of Pakistan. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27, 1053-1059, Pakistan.
  • Abdul Rahman, F., Abdul Rahman, F., Maniruzzaman, M.D., Aziz, A. and Saidur, R. 2017. The Impact of Alternative Energy to Human Sustainability: A Review. Proceeding Persidangan Antarabangsa Kelestarian Insan (INSAN2017), Ayer Keroh, Malacca, Malaysia, 1-2 November 2017.
  • Alluvione, F., Moretti, B., Sacco, D. and Grignani, C. 2011. EUE (energy use efficiency) of cropping systems for a sustainable agriculture. Energy, 36:4468-4481.
  • Asgharipour, M.R., Mondani, F. and Riahinia, S. 2012. Energy use efficiency and economic analysis of sugar beet production system in Iran: a case study in Khorasan Razavi province. Energy, 44:1078-1084.
  • Azarpour, E. 2012. Determination of energy balance and energy indices in wheat production under watered farming in north of Iran. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 7(4):250-255.
  • Azizi, A. and Heidari, S. 2013. A comparative study on energy balance and economical indices in irrigated and dry land barley production systems. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 10:1019-1028.
  • Baran, M.F. and Gokdoğan, O. 2016. Determination of energy balance of sugar beet production in Turkey: a case study of Kırklareli Province. Energy Efficiency, 9:487-494 (In Turkish).
  • Beckman, J., Borchers, A. and Jones, C.A. 2013. Agriculture’s Supply and Demand for Energy and Energy Products, EIB-112, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, May 2013. www.ers.usda.gov (01.10.2020).
  • Chamsing, A., Salokhe, V. and Singh, G. 2006. Energy Consumption Analysis for Selected Crops in Different Regions of Thailand. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGRE journal, Manuscript, 8, 6-13.
  • Climate 2018. Climate of Turkey. https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/turkey#start . (01.10.2020).
  • Gellings, C.W. and Parmenter, K.E. 2001. Efficient Use and Conservation of Energy in the Agricultural Sector, Vol. II. http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c08/E3-18-04.pdf (01.10.2020).
  • Gołaszewski, J. and de Visser, C. 2012. State of the art on energy efficiency in agriculture. FP7 Program of the EU, Agreement Number: 289139. https://dspace.uevora.pt/rdpc/bitstream/10174/8766/1/AGREE_D3.1._Econ%2Benviro_analysis_of_EE_measures_in_AgrFinal27.06.2013.pdf. (01.10.2020).
  • Hulsbergen, K.J., Feil, B., Biermann, S., Rathke, G.W., Kalk, W.D. and Diepenbrock, W.A. 2001. Method of energy balancing in crop production and its applications in a longterm fertilizer trial. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 86:303-321.
  • Kempen, M. and Kraenzlein, T. 2008. Energy Use in Agriculture: A Modeling Approach to Evaluate Energy Reduction Policies. 107th EAAE Seminar "Modelling of Agricultural and Rural Development Policies". January 29th -February 1st, Sevilla, Spain.
  • Kheiry, A.N.O. and Dahab, M.H. 2016. Energy Input-Output Analysis for Production of Selected Crops in the Central Clay Vertisols of Gezira Agricultural Scheme (Sudan). International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5, 1215-1220.
  • Lorzadeh, S.H., Mahdavidamghani, A., Enayatgholizadeh, M.R. and Yousefi, M. 2012. Research of Energy use efficiency for maize production systems in Izeh, Iran. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 99:137-142.
  • Mandal, K.G., Saha, K.P., Ghosh, P.K., Hati, K.M. and Bandyopadhyay, K.K. 2002. Bioenergy and economic analysis of soybean based crop production systems in central India. Biomass and Bioenergy, 23:337-345.
  • Memon, S.Q., Mirjat, M.S., Mughal, A.Q. and Amjad, N. 2012. Evaluation of Inputs and Outputs Energy for Maize Grain Yield, Sarhad J. Agric. Vol.28, No:3.
  • Miranowski, J.A. 2016. Energy Consumption in US Agriculture. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5132863 (01.10.2020).
  • Mohammadi, A. and Omid, M. 2010. Economical analysis and relation between energy inputs and yield of greenhouse cucumber production in Iran. Applied Energy, 87:191-196.
  • Özgöz, E., Altuntas, E. and Asiltürk, M. 2017. Effects of soil tillage on energy use in potato farming in Central Anatolia of Turkey. Energy, 141:1517-1523.
  • Pimentel, D. 2009. Energy Inputs in Food Crop Production in Developing and Developed Nations. Energies, 2:1-24.
  • Shahgholi, G., Gundoshmian, T.M., Molaie, F. and Eskandari, O. 2018. Energy use pattern in production of sugar beet in western Azerbaijan province of Iran. AgricEngInt: CIGR Journal, 20:118-127.
  • Strnad, L. and Misa, P. 2016. Energy Use of Different Farming Systems in Long‑Term Trial. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 64:1667-1674.
  • Sueri, A. and Turhan, M. 2002. Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Plant Nutrient Content of Sugar Beet Growing Area Soils of Some Sugar Factories. Second National Sugar Beet Production Symposium. p: 142-155, 10-11 September, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • SugInst. 2017. Long-term precipitation and temperature measurement charts. Sugar Institute, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Tipi, T., Cetin, B. and Vardar, C. 2009. An analysis of energy use and input costs for wheat production in Turkey. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 7:352-356.
  • Uzunoz. M., Akcay, Y. and Esengun, K. 2008. Energy Input-output Analysis of Sunflower Seed (Helianthus annuus L.) Oil in Turkey, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 3:215-223.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Koç Mehmet Tuğrul 0000-0003-2111-4050

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 4 Nisan 2021
Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuğrul, K. M. (2021). Energy Balance for Production of Selected Crops in Turkey. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, 17(1), 22-33.

Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, Tarım Makinaları Derneği tarafından yılda 3 sayı olarak yayınlanan hakemli bilimsel bir dergidir.