Elektrikli Traktörler Üzerine Literatür Taraması ve Türkiye’deki Kullanımına Dair Değerlendirilme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 114 - 125, 30.10.2022

Orhan Topal

Öz

Otomotiv endüstrisinde içten yanmalı motorlu tahrik sistemlerinden, elektrik motorlu tahrik sistemlere doğru genel bir eksen kayması söz konusudur. Bu doğrultuda hibrit, tamamen elektrikli ve yakıt hücreli sistem çözümleri kullanılan alternatifler arasında yer almaktadır. Traktörler gibi arazi kullanımına uygun taşıtlarda ise, yardımcı sistemlerde (hidrolikler, pompalar, fanlar ve klima sistemi vb.) elektrikli çözümler kullanımda olmasına rağmen, tahrik sisteminde ve güç aktarım mekanizmalarında elektrifikasyonun henüz başlangıç aşamasında olduğu görülmektedir. Bunda tarımsal amaçlı kullanılan traktörler ile otomobillerin arasında çalışma koşulları açısından yer alan farklılıkların etkisi çok büyüktür.
Sürdürülebilir tarımsal faaliyetler, ancak bu alanda kullanılan doğru yaklaşımlarla mümkün kılınabilir. Bu kapsamda tarımsal alanda ürün verimine, kalitesine etkiyen; iş ve zaman kullanımında çok önemli katkısı olan temel ekipman traktörlerdir. Tarımsal uygulamalarda kullanılan traktörlerin yüksek yaş ortalamasına sahip olması verimlilik açısından çok önemli bir dezavantajı beraberinde getirmektedir. Ekonomik ömrünü fazlasıyla doldurmuş traktörlerle yürütülen tarımsal faaliyetlerde yakıt ve yağ tüketimlerinin yansıra bakım & onarım maliyetlerinde de büyük oranda artmaktadır. Bu durum tarımsal kalkınma kapsamında sağlanan desteklerin de etkin kullanımına engel teşkil etmektedir.
Bu çalışmada elektrikli traktörlere dair dünya genelini esas alan literatür taraması yapılmış ve Türkiye’deki tarımsal uygulamalarda kullanımına ve yaygınlaşmasına dair değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektrikli traktör, Tarımsal uygulamalarda elektrifikasyon, Tarımda sürdürülebilirlik

Destekleyen Kurum

Destekleyen kurum yoktur

Proje Numarası

NA

A Literature Review On The Electric Tractors and Assessment of Using for Turkey

Öz

Today, we have seen an increase electrification in the automotive industry. OEMs stating that they will end of the production internal combustion engine technology. In particular, they also ended their investment and R&D facilities in this field. With the rapid change in technology from internal combustion engine powertrain systems to electric powertrain systems. Hybrid, battery and fuel cell electric vehicles are main solutions the alternative powertrain systems.
Tractors are considered in the category of off-road vehicles in this regard. Especially tractors need special auxiliary systems suitable for field use. Electrical systems have been used for a while in these auxiliary systems (PTO, hydraulics, pumps, fans, air conditioning system and etc.). On the other hand, it seen that the electrification of the drive system and power transmission mechanisms in tractors is still in its infancy. The main reason for this, working conditions of tractors used for agricultural purposes.
Sustainable agricultural activities can only be made possible with the right approaches. In this context, tractors are at the forefront of the most basic factors affecting products yield and quality in the agricultural field. It can also make a significant contribution to the work done and the time spent.
In the present case, the high average age of the tractors used in agricultural applications brings with it a very important disadvantage in terms of productivity. Meanwhile high amounts of fuel and oil consumption occur in agricultural activities carried out with tractors that have already reached their economic useful life. In addition, there is a significant increase in maintenance & repairmen costs. Therefore, prevents the effective use of state subsidies and supports provided within the scope of agricultural development.
In this study, a literature review was made on electric tractors. For the conditions of use, an approach was taken from the perspective of a case study and a cost-benefit analysis of its usability was carried out. Comparisons with commonly used diesel tractors are presented in terms of current unit prices. Finally, in line with the data obtained, evaluations on the use and spread of electric tractors in Turkey were presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electric tractor, electrification in agricultural applications, sustainable agriculture facilities

Proje Numarası

NA

Kaynakça

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• Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Statistics (Details can be reached from https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/)
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