Diyarbakır Pamuk Çırçır Endüstrisinde Gürültü ve Toz Seviyelerinin İşçi Sağlığı ve Çevresel Yönden Olası Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 109 - 118, 29.08.2023

Reşat Esgici , Fatih Göksel Pekitkan , Abdullah Sessiz

Öz

Gürültü ve hava kirliliğinin, çalışanın vücuduna, sağlığına, farklı iş güvenliği ve çevresel risk faktörlerine olumsuz etkileri vardır. Makinaların çalışması sırasında oluşan gürültü ve hava kirliliği, çeşitli hastalık ve rahatsızlıklara neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada Diyarbakır ilindeki çırçır fabrikalarının işçi sağlığı ve çevre üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çırçır işletmelerinde gürültü ve toz seviyeleri ölçülmüştür. Çalışma, 2019 yılı Kasım ve Aralık aylarında Diyarbakır ilinde bulunan çırçır fabrikalarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çırçır makinalarının ortalama gürültü seviyeleri Mastech MS6300 çevre ölçüm cihazı ile, toz seviyeleri ise DT-9880 partikül sayıcı cihaz ile ölçülmüştür. Ölçümler zeminden veya çalışma platformundan yaklaşık 1.5 m yükseklikte ve duvarlardan en az 1 m mesafede yapılmıştır. Çırçır fabrikaları, makina sayıları ve makinaların yerleşimleri açısından bazı farklılıklara sahiptir. Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (ILO) ve Ulusal Mesleki Güvenlik ve Sağlık Enstitüsü (NIOSH) standartlarına göre geçici ve kalıcı işitme kaybı uyarı limiti 85 dBA ve tehlike limiti 90 dBA'dir. Yapılan testlerin sonuçları, tüm gürültü ölçümlerinin izin verilen sınırın (90 dBA) üzerinde olduğunu göstermiştir. Çırçır fabrikalarının hepsinde maksimum gürültü seviyesi 95 dBA’in üzerinde bulunmuştur. Ölçülen değerler ışığında, söz konusu değerler işçinin sağlığı ve iş güvenliğine olumsuz etkileri bakımından tehlike sınırı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu nedenle gürültü seviyelerinin 85 dBA’in altına düşürülebilmesi için araştırmalar yapılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca tüm fabrikalarda ölçülen ortalama toz konsantrasyonları sınır konsantrasyon seviyesinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Toz partikül boyutları 0.3 ile 10 µm arasında değişmiştir. Ölçülen toz partikül sayısı bakımından tüm işletmeler riskli olan kırmızı grupta yer almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çırçır endüstrisi, Gürültü, Toz, İşçi sağlığı ve çevre

Determination of the Possible Effects of Noise and Dust Levels in the Cotton Ginning Industry of Diyarbakir in Terms of Worker Health and Environment

Öz

Noise and air pollution have negative effect on the worker’s body, health and on different occupational safety and environmental risk factor. Noise and air pollution may be the cause of various types of diseases and disturbances during operations of machines. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of ginning factory on worker’s health and environmental in Diyarbakır province, Turkey. Noise and dust levels were measured for this purpose in ginning enterprises. The study has been carried out in cotton ginning factory of Diyarbakır province from December to November in 2019. The mean noise levels of the ginning machines were measured by Mastech MS6300, the dust level was measured by DT-9880 particle counter device. Measurements were made at a distance of about 1.50 m above the floor or work platform and at least 1 meter from walls in various directions. The ginning factories have some differences in terms of the number of machines and their placement in workshop. According to standards of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), temporary and permanent hearing loss warning limit is 85 dBA and danger limit is 90 dBA. According to results of tests, all measurements showed that the level of noise was above permissible limit (90 dBA). Some textile machinery's highest noise level has been recorded at 95 dB. So, In the light of measured values, these values have accepted as dangerous limit for worker’s healthy and negative effect on occupational safety. Therefore, it is necessary to do research to reduce noise levels under 85 dBA. Also, the average dusts concentrations were found more in all facilities than limit concentrations level. Dust particles sizes were changed between 0.3 to 10 µm (0.3, 0,5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10). The number of dust particles measured in all enterprises is involved in the red group.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ginning industry, Noise, Dust, Worker health and environment

Kaynakça

• Abbasi, A. A., Marri, H. B. and Nebhwani, M. (2011). Industrial noise pollution and its impact on workers in Textile based cottage industries: an empirical study”, Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Volume 30, No.1.
• Abbasi, M., Monazzam, M. R., Ebrahimi, M. H., Zakerian, S. A., Dehghan, S. F. and Akbarzadeh, A. (2016). Assessment of noise effects of wind turbine on the general health of staff at wind farm of Manjil, Iran. Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control. 35(1):91-98.
• Anonymous (1972). National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (1972), Criteria for a Recommended Standard-Occupational Exposure to Noise, DEH(HSM) Pub. No.73-11001. Health Services and Mental Health Administration, Washington, DC.
• Anonymous (1983). US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health Administrations. Occupational Noise Exposure, Hearing Conservation Amendment. Federal Register, 48, 973809785.5
• Anonymous (2022). Environmental Health Hazards Spinning Mill Control. http://www.textilemates.com/
• Arslan, S., Aybek, A. (2005). Bazı Tarıma Dayalı Sanayi Kuruluşlarında Toz Düzeyleri. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi. 1(1):29-35.
• Azadboni, Z. D., Talarposhti, R. J., Ghaljahi, M., Mehri, A., Aarabi, S., Poursadeghiyan, M. and Abbasi, M. (2018). Effect of Occupational Noise Exposure on Sleep among Workers of Textile Industry. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2018/26084.11334
• Basal, H. and Sezener, V. Turkey Cotton Report. https://www.icac.org 2012.
• Basal, H., Karademir, E., Goren, H. K., Sezener, V., Dogan, M. N., Gencsoylu, I. and Erdogan, O. (2020). Cotton Production inTurkey and Europe. Cotton Production. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
• Bhar, H. C. (2016). Indian Textile Industry and Its Impact on the Environment and Health: A Review. International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector. Volume 8(4)
• Burns, K. N., Sun, K., Fobil, J. N. and Neitzel, R. L. (2016). Heart rate, stress, and occupational noise exposure among electronic waste recycling workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 13(1):140.
• Dube, K. J., Ingale, L. T. and Ingale, S. T. (2011). Hearing impairment among workers exposed to excessive levels of noise in ginning industries. Noise & Health 13: 348. [PubMed: 21959115]
• Ehlers, J. J. and Graydon, P. S. (2021). Noise-induced hearing loss in agriculture: creating partnerships to overcome barriers and educate the community on prevention. Noise Health. 2011;13(51):142-46.
• El-Banna, A. (2019). Ginning Efficiency and Fiber Quality Properties of Cotton as Affected by Roller Gin Stand Feeding Methods and Seed Cotton Grade. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International. 32(3): 1-9, ISSN: 2457-0591.
• Hammersen, F., Niemann, H. and Hoebel, J. (2016). Environmental noise annoyance and mental health in adults: findings from the cross-sectional German health update (GEDA) study 2012. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 13(10):954.
• Iyer, V. G. (2020). Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Chrome Composite Leather-Clad Rollers Used by Indian Cotton Roller Ginning Industries and Design and Development of Eco-Friendly Alternatives. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Health Sciences Volume 04, Issue 1, 36-67.
• Jayawardana, T. S. S, Perera, M. Y. A. and Wijesena, G. H. D. (2014). Analysis and control of noise in a textile factory. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 12, December 2014 1 ISSN 2250-3153 www.ijsrp.org.
• Neitzel, R. (2018). Chronic health effects and injury associated with environmental noise pollution. School of Public Health, University of Michigan.
• Confer, R. G. and Confer, T. R. (1999). Technology and Engineering, CRC press, 1999, pp 173.
• Roozbahani, M. M., Nassiri, P. and Shalkouhi, P. J. (2009). Risk assessment of workers exposed to noise pollution in a textile plant International Journal of Environment Science and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 4, Autumn, pp. 591-596
• Sangeetha, B. M., Rajeswari, M., Atharsha, S., Saranyaa Sri, K. and Ramya, S. (2013). Cotton Dust Level in Textile Industries and Its Impact on Human. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153. www.ijsrp.org
• Sessiz, A. and Esgici, R. (2015). Effects of cotton picker ages on cotton losses and quality. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LVIII:417-420.
• Sessiz, A., Esgici, R. and Pekitkan, F. G. (2016). The Relationship Between Mechanization and Cotton Ginning Industry. International Scientific Journal. Mechanization in Agriculture. ISSN 0861-9638, Issue 1/2016, Sofia, Bulgaria.
• Shakhatreh, F. M., Abdul-Baqi, K. J. and Turk, M. M. (2000). Hearing loss in a textile factory. Saudi Med J. 21(1):58-60.
• Soomro, N., Soomro, N. and Soomro, M. (2015). Work Health and Safety in Cotton Ginning Industry: A Survey of Practices in Australia. Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology, Volume 34, No. 4.
• Soylu, M. and Gökkuş, Ö. (2016). Endüstriyel Kaynaklı Gürültü Kirliliğinin Araştırılması ve Bir Tekstil Fabrikasında Uygulama Örneği. Erciyes University Journal of Institue of Science and Technology Volume 32, Issue 2,
• Suhardi, B., Navi, M. A. H. and Astuti, R. D. (2019). Noise level analysis to reduce noise exposure at PT. IT. Cogent Engineering. ISSN: (Print) 2331-1916 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/oaen20 |
• Talukdar, M. K. (2001). Noise pollution and its control in textile industry. Indian Journal Textile Reaserch. Vol (26), p:44-49.