Evaluation of heavy metal concentrations and geo-accumulation index of roadside soil of highways in Istanbul

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to determine the inorganic element concentrations of 36 soil samples collected from different regions of E80 Tem Highway and Northern Marmara Highway, which are two highways of Istanbul province with different construction years, and to evaluate them within the framework of environmental toxicology and public health by calculating contamination factor (CF) and geo-accumulation (Igeo) indices. Twenty-four inorganic elements were analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry system and significant differences were found between the two highways for Li, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Ni, As, Sr and Ba (p<0.05). On the E80 highway, Zn, Cd and Pb values were found to be above the acceptable limit, the CF value was found to be at moderate and very high levels for Zn element in samples closest to the highway, and according to the Igeo index, the samples were in Class II (Unpolluted-moderately polluted) category for Mn and Zn. Thus, roadside soil pollution, which is an effective indicator of environmental pollution, inevitable in Istanbul, where traffic load and urban life is intense, has provided important data on the damage to the ecosystem. As the first research in which twenty-four elements were analyzed simultaneously, this study showed that the heavy metal load increases according to the traffic load and the year of use of the highway and that this load is high up to 10 meters from the highway. It also revealed the importance of examining soil samples in terms of public health and environmental toxicology in cities with high traffic density.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• traffic load
• heavy metal
• contamination factor
• geo-accumulation index
• ICP-MS

İstanbul’daki otoyol kenarı toprak örneklerinin ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının ve jeo-birikim indeksinin değerlendirmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, İstanbul ilinin yapım yılları farklı iki otoyolu olan, E80 Tem Otoyolu ve Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu’nun farklı bölgelerinden alınan 36 adet toprak numunesinin inorganik element konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi, ayrıca kirlilik faktörü (CF) ve jeo-birikim (Igeo) indeksi hesaplamaları yapılarak, çevre toksikolojisi ve halk sağlığı çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Indüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma-Kütle Spektrometresi sistemi kullanılarak 24 inorganik element aranmış ve iki otoyol arasında Li, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Ni, As, Sr ve Ba elementleri için anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). E80 otoyolunda Zn, Cd ve Pb konsantrasyonlarının kabul edilebilir sınırın üzerinde bulunduğu, CF değerinin otoyola en yakın mesafelerde Zn elementi için orta ve çok yüksek düzeyde olduğu, Igeo indeksine göre ise numunelerin Mn ve Zn için Sınıf II (Kirlenmemiş-orta derecede kirlenmiş) kategorisinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Böylelikle trafik yükünün ve kent hayatının yoğun olduğu İstanbul’da kaçınılmaz olan çevre kirliliğinin etkin bir belirteci olan yol kenarı toprak kirliliği, ekosistemin uğrayacağı zarar hakkında önemli veri sağlamıştır. Yirmi dört elementin eş zamanlı analizinin yapıldığı ilk araştırma niteliği taşıyan bu çalışma, otoyolun trafik yüküne ve kullanım yılına göre ağır metal yükünün de arttığını ve bu yükün otoyola 10 metre mesafeye kadar yüksek bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Trafik yoğunluğunun yüksek olduğu kentlerde ayrıca halk sağlığı ve çevre toksikolojisi yönünden toprak numunelerinin incelenmesinin önemini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• trafik yükü
• ağır metal
• kirlenme faktörü
• jeo-birikim indeksi
• ICP-MS

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