Effect of foliar calcium application on yield and mineral nutrition of tomato cultivars under greenhouse condition

Öz

Study was conducted to determine the effects of foliar Ca application on fruit yield, quality and mineral nutrition of different tomato varieties (Daylos, Bufalo, Taybif, Şimşek, Newton and Ty12Rz). As foliar application, 0.0 % (Control) 0.25% and 0.50% Ca containing CaCI2 2H2O solutions were sprayed to the leaves in three growing periods as flowering stage, fruit set and pre-harvest. In this study, fruit yield and quality criteria such as fruit weight, width, height, firmness and total soluble solids contents were determined. In addition, N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn concentrations of leaves and fruits analysis were conducted to determine the effect of applications on plant mineral nutrition. According to the results, Ca applications increased yield criteria such as yield per plant, fruit weight, fruit width and height. Fruit firmness and soluble solids contents were not affected from the applications generally. Yield and quality parameters showed variations with the varieties. According to the mean values, while the highest yield was determined from Bufalo and Tybif cultivars, the lowest was determined from the Ty12Rz variety. Foliar Ca applications on tomato mineral nutrition showed variation with the variety. While there was no effect of spraying on fruit Ca concentrations, leaf analysis showed that TY12Rz was the single variety that showed response to foliar Ca application, it was concluded that this variety was more sensitive. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plant nutrient,tomato,foliar Ca fertilization,fruit quality,yield

Yapraktan kalsiyum uygulamasının farklı sera domates çeşitlerinde verim, meyve kalitesi ve mineral beslenmesine etkisi

Öz

Yapraktan kalsiyum (Ca) uygulamasının farklı domates çeşitlerinin (Daylos, Bufalo, Tybif, Şimşek, Newton ve Ty12Rz) verim, meyve kalitesi bitkinin mineral beslenmesine etkisini belirlemek amacı ile serada yürütülen bu çalışmada, içerisinde % 0.0 (kontrol) % 0.25 ve % 0.50 Ca bulunan CaCI2 2H2O çözeltisi yetiştirme periyodu boyunca çiçeklenme başlangıcında, meyve tutumu ve hasat öncesinde olmak üzere 3 defa yapraktan spreyleme şekli ile uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada meyve verim ve kalite ölçütleri olarak, meyve ağırlığı, en boy, sertlik ve suda çözünür kuru madde değerleri belirlenmiş, ayrıca uygulamaların bitkinin mineral beslenmesine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yaprakta ve meyvede N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn ve Mn analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yapraktan Ca uygulamaları ile kontrol bitkilerine göre bitki başına düşen verim, meyve eni, meyve boyu ve meyve ağırlıkları artmış; meyve eti sertliği ve toplam suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM) değerleri ise uygulamalardan genelde etkilenmemiştir. Meyve verim değerlerinin çeşitlere göre önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Ortalama değerlere göre en yüksek meyve ağırlığı ve verimi Bufalo ve Tybif çeşitlerinde görülürken, en düşük değerlerin Ty12Rz çeşidinde olduğu görülmüştür. Yapraktan Ca uygulamalarının bitkinin mineral beslenmesine olan etkisi çeşit özelliklerine göre farklılık göstermiştir. Uygulamaların meyve Ca içerdiğine etkisi olmazken yaprak analizlerine göre Ca uygulamasına tepki veren tek çeşidin TY12Rz olduğu görülmüş ve dolayısıyla bu çeşidin Ca’ya daha hassas olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Besin elementi,domates,yapraktan Ca gübrelemesi,meyve kalitesi,verim

Kaynakça

1. Alpaslan M, Guneş A, İnal A, 1998. Deneme tekniği. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi. Yayın No: 1501. Ders Kitabı. 455.
2. Bergmann W, 1992. Nutritional disorders of plants-Development, visual and analytical diagnosis. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany. 351s.
3. Cheour F, Willemot C, Arul J, Desjardins Y, Makhlouf J, Charest P. M, Gosselin A, 1990. Foliar application of calcium chloride delays postharvest ripening of strawberry. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115(5): 789-792.
4. Del-Amor F K, Marcelis LFM, 2003. Regulation of nutrient uptake, water uptake and growth under calcium starvation and recovery. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 78(3): 343–349.
5. Dodds G T, Trenholm L, Rajabipour A, Madramootoo C A, Norris ER, 1997. Yield and quality of tomato under water-table management. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122(4): 491–498.
6. Dong C, Zhou J, Fan X, Wang H, 2004. Effects of different ways of ca supplements on the ca content and forms in mature fruits of tomato. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science 10 (1): 91–95.
7. Dong C, Zhou J, Zhao S, Wang H, 2005. Effects of exogenous ca on some physiological characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings with different ca sensitivity. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 16 (2): 267–272.
8. Epstain A, Bloom AJ, 2004. Mineral nutrition of plants: Principles and perspectives. secon Ed. Sinauer Ass. Sunderlan, MA 01375, USA.

9. Hao X, Papadopoulos AP, 2004. Effects of calcium and magnesium on plant growth, biomass partitioning, and fruit yield of winter greenhouse tomato. HortScience 39(3): 512-515.
10. Hortwith N, 1960. Officials methods of analysis. Chapter 29, Sugar and Sugar Products, AOAC, Benjamin Fraklin Station, Washington DC.
11. İrget ME, Aydın S, Oktay M, Tutam M, Aksoy U, Nalbant M, 1999. Effect of foliar potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate application on nutrient content and fruit Quality of Fig. In: Anac¸D., Martin-Prevel, P. (Eds.), Improved Crop Quality by Nutrient Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, s. 81–85.
12. Johnson DS, Dover DJ, 2002. The effect of calcium and zinc sprays on the texture of ‘cox’s orange pippin’apples in controlled atmosphere storage. Proceedings Acta Horticulture 594: 427-434
13. Jones JB, Wolf Jr B, Mills HA, 1991. Plant analysis handbook. I. Methods of plant analysis and ınterpratation. Micro-Macro Publishing Inc.,183 Paradise Blvd, Suite 108, Athens Georgia 30607 USA.
14. Dodds G T, Trenholm L, Rajabipour A, Madramootoo C A, Norris ER, 1997. Yield and quality of tomato under water-table management. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122(4): 491–498.
15. Dong C, Zhou J, Fan X, Wang H, 2004. Effects of different ways of ca supplements on the ca content and forms in mature fruits of tomato. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science 10 (1): 91–95.
16. Dong C, Zhou J, Zhao S, Wang H, 2005. Effects of exogenous ca on some physiological characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings with different ca sensitivity. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 16 (2): 267–272.
17. Epstain A, Bloom AJ, 2004. Mineral nutrition of plants: Principles and perspectives. secon Ed. Sinauer Ass. Sunderlan, MA 01375, USA.
18. Hao X, Papadopoulos AP, 2004. Effects of calcium and magnesium on plant growth, biomass partitioning, and fruit yield of winter greenhouse tomato. HortScience 39(3): 512-515.
19. Hortwith N, 1960. Officials methods of analysis. Chapter 29, Sugar and Sugar Products, AOAC, Benjamin Fraklin Station, Washington DC.
20. Irget ME, Aydın S, Oktay M, Tutam M, Aksoy U, Nalbant M, 1999. Effect of foliar potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate application on nutrient content and fruit Quality of Fig. In: Anac¸D., Martin-Prevel, P. (Eds.), Improved Crop Quality by Nutrient Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, s. 81–85.
21. Johnson DS, Dover DJ, 2002. The effect of calcium and zinc sprays on the texture of ‘cox’s orange pippin’apples in controlled atmosphere storage. Proceedings Acta Horticulture 594: 427-434
22. Jones JB, Wolf Jr B, Mills HA, 1991. Plant analysis handbook. I. Methods of plant analysis and ınterpratation. Micro-Macro Publishing Inc.,183 Paradise Blvd, Suite 108, Athens Georgia 30607 USA.
23. Kacar B, İnal A, 2008. Bitki analizleri, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
24. Kadir, SA, 2004. Fruit quality at harvest of ‘jonathan’apple treated with foliar applied calcium chloride. Journal of Plant Nutrition 27: 1991–2006.
25. Konno H, Yamaya T, Yamasaki Y, Matsumoto H, 1984. Pectic polysaccharide break-down of cell walls in cucumber roots grown in calsium starvation. Plant Physiology 76(3): 633-637.
26. Köksal F, Erdal İ, 2013. Yapraktan kalsiyum uygulamasının farklı karanfil çeşitlerinde verim, kalite ve besin elementi içeriğine etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 8(2):1-10
27. Marschner H, 2011. Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press.
28. Papadopoulos A P, 2003. Effects of calcium and magnesium on growth, fruit yield and quality in a fall greenhouse tomato crop grown on rockwool. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83(4): 903-912.
29. Peyvast G, Olfati J A, Ramezani-Kharazi P, Kamari-Shahmaleki S, 2009. Uptake of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphate from foliar fertilization by tomato. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 1(1): 7-13.
30. Rab A, Haq S, 2012. Foliar Application of calcium chlorid and borax influences plant growth, yield, and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) fruit. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 36: 695-701.
31. Simon E W, 1978. The symptoms of calcium deficiency in plants. The New Phytologist 80(1): 1–15.
32. White P J, Broadley M R, 2003. Calcium in plants. Annals of Botany 92(4): 487-511.
33. Xia G, Yang J, 2005. Effect of different Ca and Mg levels on uptake of mineral elements by tomato plants and fruits. Northern Horticulture 2: 44–45.
34. Yang L, Qu H, Zhang Y, Li F, 2012. Effects of partial root-zone irrigation on physiology, fruit yield and quality and water use efficiency of tomato under different calcium levels. Agricultural Water Management 104: 89-94.
35. Yang Z, 1994. Effects of Ca and Mg on antomic structure of roots, stems and leaves of tomato. Journal of Hua Zhong University (Natural Science Edition) 13: 51–54 (in Chinese with English abstract).