Çanakkale – Lapseki (Güney Marmara, Türkiye) karayolu kenar eğimlerindeki erozyonun belirlenmesi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 44 - 53, 25.12.2015

Mehmet Parlak

Öz

Karayolları, ekosistem üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yapar. Bu olumsuz etkiler habitat kaybından gürültüye ve araçların gaz salınımından toprak erozyonuna kadar çok değişik çeşitlerde kendini gösterebilir. Bu araştırma Çanakkale-Lapseki karayolu kenar eğimlerindeki yüzey akış ile erozyonu belirlemek ve yüzey akış ile erozyonu etkileyen faktörler (eğim, bitki örtüsü ve toprak özellikleri) arasındaki ilişkileri saptamak için yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla farklı eğimlere sahip vejetasyonsuz ve vejetasyonlu karayolu şevlerinde toplamda 40 tane yağış simulasyonu yapılmıştır. Her yağış simulasyonunda yüzey akışın başlaması için geçen süre, ortalama yüzey akış, maksimum yüzey akış, yüzey akış katsayısı, sediment konsantrasyonu, sediment piki ve toplam toprak kaybı belirlenmiştir. Karayolu şevlerinden toprak örnekleri alınarak bu toprak örneklerinde bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal analizler yapılmıştır. Vejetasyonsuz karayolu şevlerinde eğimin artmasıyla yüzey akış başlama süresi, yüzey akış, maksimum yüzey akış, yüzey akış katsayısı ve toplam toprak kaybı değerleri istatistik birbirinden farklılık gösterirken vejetasyonlu şevlerde ise eğimin artmasıyla sadece yüzey akış başlama süresi değerleri istatistik olarak birbirinden farklılık göstermiştir. Vejetasyonsuz şevlerde yüzey akış ve eğim arasında; vejetasyonlu şevlerde ise yüzey akış ve nem arasında pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır. Vejetasyonsuz şevlerde toprak kaybı ve eğim arasında pozitif; vejetasyonlu şevlerde ise toprak kaybı ve eğim, toprak kaybı ve kil arasında pozitif korelasyon; silt ve kum arasında negatif korelasyon saptanmıştır. Vejetasyonsuz ve vejetasyonlu karayolu şevlerindeki çoklu regresyon sonuçları yüzey akışın sırasıyla 0.989 ve 0.963; toprak kaybının ise sırasıyla 0.998 ve 0.946 tahmin edilebileceğini göstermiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toprak kaybı, yüzey akış, karayolu şev eğimi, toprak özellikleri, yapay yağmurlama

Determination of Erosion over Çanakkale-Lapseki (Southern Marmara, Turkey) highway slopes

Öz

Highways have various negative impacts on ecosystems ranging from loss of habitat to soil erosion, from irritating noise to vehicle exhaust emissions. The present study was carried out to determine the amount of runoff and erosion over the side slopes of Canakkale-Lapseki highway and to determine the relationships between the factors affecting runoff and erosion (slope, plant cover and soil characteristics). A total of 40 rainfall simulations were performed over vegetated and unvegetated highway slopes with different sloping angles. In each simulation, time to runoff, average runoff, maximum runoff, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration, sediment peak, and total soil loss were measured. Soil samples were taken from the highway road slopes and physical and chemical analyses were performed over them. While significant differences were observed in time to runoff start, runoff, maximum runoff, runoff coefficient and total soil loss values of unvegetated slopes with increasing sloping angles, significant differences were observed only in time to runoff start values of vegetated slopes with increasing angles. Positive correlations were observed between runoff and slope angles of unvegetated slopes and between runoff and moisture content of vegetated slopes. Positive correlations were also observed between soil loss and slope angle of unvegetated slopes; between soil loss and slope angle, between soil loss and clay content of vegetated slopes; negative correlations were observed between silt and sand contents of vegetated slopes. Multiple regression results on vegetated and unvegetated slopes revealed that runoff can respectively be estimated as 0.989 and 0.963; soil loss respectively as 0.998 and 0.946

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soil loss, runoff, highway side slopes, soil properties, rainfall simulation

Kaynakça

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