Beet necrotic yellow vein virus-Ilgın (Konya) populasyonunun farklı şeker pancarı genotiplerinde verim ve kalite üzerine etkisinin ve tarla şartlarında dayanıklılık kırma durumunun araştırılması

Öz

Toprak kökenli protozoa Polymyxa betae ile taşınan beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), tüm dünyada şeker pancarı üretim alanlarında en yaygın görülen ve en tahripkar virüstür. BNYVV, özellikle şeker pancarı lateral köklerinin anormal şekilde artışına yol açması dolayısıyla kök sakallanması veya rhizomania olarak bilinen hastalığa neden olmaktadır. BNYVV’nin yanı sıra, şeker pancarı alanlarında kist nematodu (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt)’na da sık rastlanmakta olup, her iki problem verimde önemli kayıplara neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma; rhizomania hastalığına ve namatoda karşı son yıllarda ıslah edilmiş olan farklı genotiplerdeki [Rz1, Rz1+Rz2, Rz1+Rz3, Rz2+Rz3 ve Rz1+nematoda tolerant (Rz1+NT)] şeker pancarı çeşit ve hatlarının verim ve kalite performanslarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışma, BNYVV ve H. schachtii ile bulaşık olduğu bilinen Türkiye Şeker Fabrikaları A.Ş. Şeker Enstitüsü’ne ait Ilgın (Konya) deneme istasyonunda 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pancarda yetiştiricilik açısından önemli parametreler (verim, şeker oranı, arıtılmış şeker oranı ve arıtılmış şeker verimi) dikkate alındığında, araştırma sonucunda Rz1+NT genotipinin, diğer genotiplerden daha iyi performans gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu alanda, hassas genotip ile kıyaslandığında 2017 yılında Rz1+NT genotipinde 81.77 ton/ha ile 2.7 kat, 2018 yılında 68.95 ton/ha ile 3.8 kat daha fazla pancar verimi elde edilmiştir. Bu genotipte şeker verimi ise, ilk yıl 12.16 ton/ha, 2. yıl ise 10.69 ton/ha olmuştur. Ayrıca, rhizomania’ya dayanıklı şeker pancarı genotiplerinde virüsün enfeksiyon durumu DAS-ELISA testine göre değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen bu genotiplerin bazı tekerrürlerinde virüs belirlenmesine rağmen, BNYVV-Ilgın populasyonunun dayanıklı şeker pancarı çeşit ve hatlarının hiçbirisinde dayanıklılığı kırmadığı saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rhizomania
• Benyvirus necrobetae
• şeker pancarı kist nematodu
• dayanıklılık
• ELISA

Investigations on the effect of beet necrotic yellow vein virus-Ilgın (Konya) population on the yield and quality of different sugar beet genotypes and its resistance-breaking status in field conditions

Öz

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), which is transmitted by soil-borne protozoa Polymyxa betae, is the most destructive and prevalent virus species in sugar beet production areas worldwide. Due to the abnormal growth in lateral roots of sugar beet plants, it causes a disease known as rhizomania. In addition to BNYVV, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt (Sugar beet cyst nematode) is also common in sugar beet, and both of them cause significant losses in yield. The trials were conducted with four replicates according to the randomized blocks experimental design in order to evaluate the yield and quality performances of the sugar beet varieties and lines having different genotypes [Rz1, Rz1+Rz2, Rz1+Rz3, Rz2+Rz3 and Rz1+nematode tolerant (Rz1+NT)] that have been bred against rhizomania disease and cyst nematode in recent years. This study was carried out in the experimental station of Turkish Sugar Factories Inc. Sugar Institute, in Ilgın (Konya), which is known to be infested with BNYVV and H. schachtii. in 2017 and 2018. As a result of the study, it was determined that Rz1+NT genotype performed better than other genotypes when important parameters (yield, sugar content, refined sugar content and refined sugar yield) were taken into consideration. In this area, compared to the susceptible genotype, 2.7 times more beet yield was obtained with 81.77 tons/ha in 2017 in the Rz1+NT genotype, and 3.8 times more with 68.95 tons/ha in 2018. Sugar yield in this genotype was 12.16 tons/ha in the first year and 10.69 tons/ha in the second year. Furthermore, the virus infection levels in sugar beet genotypes resistant to rhizomania were evaluated according to the DAS-ELISA. Although BNYVV infected these genotypes in the plots of some replicates of the trials, the existing BNYVV population did not break any resistance genes in the sugar beet varieties and lines with different genotypic characteristics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rhizomania
• Benyvirus necrobetae
• sugar beet cyst nematode
• resistance
• ELISA

Kaynakça

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